psychology chapters 4,6,7

________ was asked by the French government to develop an intelligence test to use on children to determine which ones might have difficulty in school.

Alfred Binet

The first intelligence test, aimed to test for children who might struggle in school, was designed by

Alfred Binet.

Most modern intelligence tests, such as the newly developed WISC-V, are based off of work done by

David Wechsler.

________ revised the Stanford-Binet Intelligence scale to include more subfields. There are now many offshoots of his original test, including the popular WAIS.

David Wechsler.

The ________ shows that each generation tends to have a higher IQ than the last generation.

Flynn Effect

About 2% of the population have

IQs above 130.

Which linguist(s) proposed that the thoughts that an individual has are determined by the language that he or she uses?

Sapir and Whorf

Using the different images that each eye receives in order to perceive depth is called using ________ cues.

binocular

Pronoun drop is more likely to occur in ________ cultures.

collectivist

According to the trichromatic theory of color vision, ________ in the retina are responsive to red, green, and blue.

cones

Looking for evidence to back up the way you already feel about something is an example of

confirmation bias.

Thinking outside of the box is considered

divergent thinking.

Someone who understands their own emotions, shows empathy, and understands social relationships and cues would have high ________ intelligence.

emotional

The brain's descending pain modulatory system

enabled Aron Ralston to be happy about cutting off his arm.

As people age, they hold on to their accumulated knowledge and memories and tend to increase in emotional intelligence. There is typically a decline, however, in their ability to see complex relationships and solve problems. This is a decline in ________ intelligence.

fluid

Using algorithms to solve problems can be compared to

following the instruction manual.

Internet search engines use ________ to show the appropriate results.

algorithms

The loudness of a sound is determined by the ________ of sound waves.

amplitude

Officially, insects are a class of invertebrates a three-part body (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes and one pair of antennae. This description is a

artificial concept.

The vibration of the ________ causes the ossicles to move.

auditory canal

Merkel's disks and Ruffini corpuscles are examples of

mechanoreceptors

Esther has an ear for music and can play songs on the piano she has only heard once before. She has high ________ intelligence.

musical

Olfactory receptor cells pick up odor molecules which get turned into electrical impulses that send messages to the brain via the ________.

olfactory bulb

The idea the color coded in pairs of black-white, yellow-blue, and green-red is the basic premise of the

opponent-process theory

The ________ carries visual information from the retina to the brain.

optic nerve

which one is psychological?

perception

When pain signals get exaggerated, it is because of damage to the

peripheral or central nervous system.

What is the basic sound unit of a language?

phoneme

Which of the following sequences demonstrates the correct order of the components of language from the smallest component to the broadest?

phoneme, morpheme, syntax

The units of language from the smallest unit to the largest are

phoneme, morpheme, syntax.

Which is the correct sequence that describes how sound reaches the brain?

pinna - auditory canal - tympanic membrane - ossicles - cochlea - auditory nerve

The fact that the base of the basilar membrane responds best to high frequencies supports the ________ theory of hearing.

place

The best example of a concept is a

prototype

According to the trichromatic theory of color vision, cones in the retina are responsive to ________.

red, green, and blue

What did the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart suggest about intelligence? The findings from this study ________.

revealed a genetic component to intelligence

Kyle sees a flashing light in the distance. This is an example of

sensation

which one is the physical process?

sensation

Hearing aids are ineffective in treating

sensorineural hearing loss.

When surrounded by larger circles, a center circle will appear ________ than if surrounded by smaller circles.

smaller

If a sound wave has a high amplitude, it will

sound loud.

What is wavelength?

the distance from one wave peak to the next

Perception is

the way sensory information is organized, interpreted, and experienced.

According to Gestalt psychology,

the whole is different from the sum of its parts.

The findings from the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart suggested that

there is a genetic component to intelligence.

When the brain receives nociceptive signals from the body,

they can be blocked by the brain's descending pain modulatory system.

Which is an example of a morpheme?

un

Identical twins raised together and identical twins raised apart exhibit ________ between their IQ scores than siblings or fraternal twins raised together.

higher correlation

Opponent process

Color coded in opponent pairs black-white,yellow-blue, and green-red Cells of the visual system are excited by one of the opponent colors and inhibited by the other Explains why we can't see greenish-red and why there are afterimages Applies once the signal moves past the retina on its way to the brain

Trichromatic

Cones respond to three wavelengths that represent red,blue, and green All colors can be produced by combining red, blue, and green Applies to visual processing on the retina

How does a cochlear implant enable the deaf to hear?

It receives incoming sound information and directly stimulates the auditory nerve to transmit information to the brain.

What is a major problem with intelligence tests mentioned in the text?

Some ethnic and socioeconomic groups perform better than others on IQ tests.

Sound Waves

Successive pressure variations in the air that vary in amplitude and wavelength. High-frequency sounds waves are perceived as high-pitched sounds

Illusions are valuable to psychologists because they are used to

explore what people experience and what parts of the brain are involved in perception.

Learning disabilities often affect children

with average to above-average intelligence.