Psychology Exam 1

Chap. 2 An action potential takes about _____ to complete.

1ms

Chap. 1 Akira has declared psychology as his major. He will be studying:

Behavior and mental processes

Chap. 1 Psychology is the scientific study of

Behavior and mental processes

Chap. 13 In Japan, _____ sometimes manifests through taijin kyofusho which is characterized by avoidance of social situations due to feeling inadequate

Social Anxiety

Chap. 13 Agoraphobia is a type of anxiety disorder

True

Chap. 1 Dr. Johnannsen is a psychologist whose research is based on that of Mamie Phipps Clark, the first Black woman to be awarded a PhD in psychology. Dr. Johnannsen's research would likely focus on:

Ways to improve education for minority children

Chap. 1 In a presentation to the students in her psychology class, Tamara discussed women's roles in psychology's early days and compared them to their roles in psychology today. She said, "When psychology first started in the late 1890s, women:

weren't allowed to earn master's degrees or PhDs in psychology, but today most who earn such degrees are women."

Chap. 2 A neuron's resting potential is _____ mV.

-70

Chap. 1 Research with the goal of changing behaviors or outcomes is called _____ research.

Applied

Chap. 2 After being shot in the head in Iraq, what type of glial cells began to restore the barrier between Brandon's brain and blood?

Astrocytes

Chap. 1 Aurora is a neuropsychologist focused on mapping certain reward circiots in the brain. She is not concerned about how her work might be used to change behavior but instead she is just trying to further knowledge about these circuits for the sake of knowledge. Aurora's research can be described as:

Basic

Chap. 1 In focusing on their almost identical DNA as the explanation for many of Sam and Anaïs' similarities, Dr. Segal is using the _____ perspective.

Biological

Chap. 2 Chloe is majoring in psychology. She is about to graduate and has applied to several PhD programs. Chloe's interested in understanding how the brain and other biological systems influence human behavior. It is likely that Chloe plans to specialize in:

Biopsychology

Chap. 13 Dramatic mood swings are characteristic of a condition known as _____ disorder.

Bipolar

Chap. 2 A growing number of attorneys are submitting _____ in court as legal evidence that demonstrates a psychological disturbance.

Brain scans

Chap. 1 A goal of psychology is to ______, which involves using research findings to shape or modify behavior, or to apply the findings in order to direct behavior in a beneficial way.

Change

Chap. 13 Hoang lives in Vietnam and is terrified that his penis will disappear into his abdomen. Hoang appears to suffer from a disorder called koro, and is an example of how _____ must be considered when defining abnormal behavior.

Culture

Chap. 1 Dr. Segal gave Sam and Anaïs, identical twins separated at birth and reunited at age 25, several psychological tests to measure personality traits. This part of Dr. Segal's research served the goal of

Describing

Chap. 2 A technique called _____ records the brain's activity through scalp electrodes.

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Chap. 1 Aristotle believed that people know their reality through their sensory experiences. Today this is known as:

Empiricism

Chap. 1 Professor Gomez explained that human mate selection is due to a tendency to seek out those who ensure reproductive success and, ultimately, human survival. She would associate herself with the _____ perspective.

Evolutionary

Chap. 1 Dr. Segal's work with Sam and Anais, and other identical twins separated at birth, could potentially help her untangle the roles of nature and nurture in a variety of areas including intelligence and psychological disorders. This part of Dr. Segal's research serves the goal of:

Explaining

Chap. 13 About 5% or 7% of the American population will receive a diagnosis of bipolar disorder at some point

False

Chap. 13 Antisocial personality disorder is equally common among men and women.

False

Chap. 13 Bipolar I disorder is defined by episodes of hypomania.

False

Chap. 13 Fewer than 10% of those diagnosed with borderline personality disorder are men.

False

Chap. 13 Genetic factors account for less than 25% of the population-wide risk for developing schizophrenia.

False

Chap. 13 Obsessive-compulsive disorder is positively correlated with an increased activity of serotonin in the brain.

False

Chap. 2 After a long run, Aaron sometimes experiences a feeling of euphoria, a "runners' high" reflecting the of a neurotransmitters called adenosine.

False

Chap. 2 Autopsy studies of Einstein's brain suggested that the size of the parietal lobe may be negatively correlated with mathematical and spatial intelligence.

False

Chap. 2 Axons receive signals from other neurons

False

Chap. 2 Despite their different roles in behavior, all neurotransmitters are excitatory in their effects.

False

Chap. 1 Dr. Petrovic's goal is to help his clients channel their motivation for positive growth and to realize their potential. He is a _________ therapist.

Humanistic

Chap. 1 Ohana is asked to engage in effortful reflection of her sensations, thoughts, and feelings in response to a stimulus. This procedure is known as:

Introspection

Chap. 1 Because of women like Margaret Floy Wishburn and Mamie Phipps Clark, the field of psychology today:

Is no longer dominated by men

Chap. 13 Insanity is a ______ term.

Legal

Chap. 2 After Brandon was injured in Iraq, a brain scan determined that he had damage to the areas of his brain involved in speech and language. The fact that specific brain regions are responsible for certain functions is called:

Localization of function

Chap. 1 Dr. Franklin is studying the association between the experience of discrimination and self-esteem among children and adolescents. Her research reflects the pioneering work of ____, one of psychology's "founding mothers".

Mamie Phipps Clark

Chap. 2 After being shot in the head in Iraq, what type of glial cells defended Brandon's brain from infection and inflammation?

Microglia

Chap. 1 Finches that have big beaks can crack open a greater variety of seeds and thus are more likely to survive when food is scarce than small-beaked finches. This is an example of:

Natural selection

Chap. 1 Identical twins Anaïs and Sam, who were separated from each other at birth and raised in different households, have some similar and some different characteristics. The characteristics that are similar are likely due to _____ factors, whereas the characteristics that are different are likely due to _____ factors.

Nature; nurture

Chap. 1 Fredrica reads in the scientific literature that siblings have similar food preferences due to shared home environments. She could use that knowledge to _____ that nonrelatives living in the same home will have food preferences similar to those of the siblings.

Predict

Chap. 2 As part of a laboratory experiment in his psychology course, Miguel is observing the activity of a recording electrode on the axon of a neuron. As an action potential occurs, what might Miguel observe?

The electrical charge of the neuron will go from negative to positive before returning to resting potential

Chap. 2 Compared to action potentials in unmyelinated neurons, action potentials in myelinated neurons:

Travel much faster

Chap. 13 A family history of bipolar disorder is one of the strongest risk factors for bipolar disorder.

True

Chap. 13 A person who has a parent or a sibling diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder is twice as likely to develop the disorder himself or herself than is someone whose first-degree relatives do not have the disorder.

True

Chap. 13 About 90% of the people who commit suicide have at least one psychological disorder.

True

Chap. 13 Childhood adversities elevate the risk of schizophrenia.

True

Chap. 13 Depression is the leading cause of disability among adults.

True

Chap. 13 Diathesis is to stress as genes are to environment

True

Chap. 13 In dissociative identity disorder, an individual exhibits two or more distinct personalities.

True

Chap. 13 Many people fail to seek mental health services because of the stigma associated with psychological abnormality.

True

Chap. 2 A psychologist is using EEG when she uses scalp electrodes to measure the electrical activity in a participant's brain.

True

Chap. 2 Action potentials travel more quickly in myelinated than in unmyelinated axons.

True

Chap. 2 Action potentials are:

all-or-none; they either happen or they don't.

Chap. 13 Mara is working toward her PhD in the field of _____ psychology in which she will study the causes and treatments of psychological disorders.

cognitive

Chap. 2 As a graduate student in a psychology program, Amber will be assisting one of her professors in the laboratory. In preparation, Amber reads several research articles written by her professor. Amber finds that most subjects in the studies published by her professor have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. Based on this information, it seems likely that the research articles Amber should be reading are about:

damage to myelination

Chap. 2 Ablation, a very early technique, studied the brain by:

destroying parts of a living animal brain to determine a loss of function

Chap. 1 Mamie Phipps Clark was the first Black woman to be awarded a PhD in psychology, and she raised awareness about the:

effects of discrimination on children's self-esteem.

Chap. 2 Brent is participating in an experiment in a cognitive neuroscience lab on campus. He silently reads rapid sequences of words flashed on a computer screen. Simultaneously, the electrical activity of his brain is recorded through skull electrodes. The brain scanning technique used in this study is:

electroencephalogram (EEG).