Psychology Exam 1 prep - Chapter 2

Maria often sleeps soundly and rarely awakens to any outside noise. However, the cries of Maria's baby can awaken her immediately. What part of the brain is responsible for this reaction? pons reticular formation medulla cerebellum

reticular formation

Although the brain works largely as a whole, which of the following is not a correct pairing of hemisphere and function? left: control of right-handed motor functions right: control of right-handed motor functions right: recognition of faces left: reading

right: control of right-handed motor functions

f you were suffering from neurological problems and your neurologist wanted to have a study done of your brain and its electrical functioning, which of the following techniques would be most appropriate? DTI PET PTI EEG

EEG

Which technique of studying the brain involves injecting the patient with radioactive glucose? CT PET MRI EEG

PET

Felicia is recovering from a brain injury. She is able to speak fluently but often uses incorrect words in a sentence. In one instance at a friend's birthday party, she said, "I would like something to drink. Can I have some battery?" Felicia's problem may be a symptom of __________. Broca's aphasia visual agnosia spatial neglect Wernicke's aphasia

Wernicke's aphasia

You have a dream in which you wake up to find that people around you are using words that make no sense. What's more, your friends don't seem to understand you when you speak. At one point in your dream, your mom tells you that you almost forgot your tree limb today. When you give her a puzzled look, she holds up your lunchbox and repeats, "You know, your tree limb." Your predicament in your dream is most like which of the following disorders? apraxia Wernicke's aphasia Broca's aphasia spatial neglect

Wernicke's aphasia

Which neurotransmitter stimulates skeletal muscle cells to contract but slows contractions of the heart? GABA acetylcholine (ACh) serotonin endorphin

acetylcholine (ACh)

The neurons of the sensory pathway contain __________. voluntary muscle fibers afferent neurons both efferent and afferent neurons efferent neurons

afferent neurons

Heroin mimics the actions of endorphins, inhibiting pain signals. Heroin is an example of a(n) __________. protagonist glial cell agonist antagonist

agonist

The venom of a black widow spider acts as a(n) __________ by mimicking the effects of acetylcholine. antagonist protagonist agonist glial cell

agonist

If you were to develop a rare condition in which you were not able to remember to be afraid of certain situations, animals, or events, which part of the brain would most likely be damaged? thalamus hypothalamus amygdala cingulate cortex

amygdala

Involuntary muscles are controlled by the __________ nervous system. parasympathetic autonomic somatic sympathetic

autonomic

Which part of the neuron carries messages to other cells? dendrite soma myelin axon

axon

Nicole and Camille are synchronized swimmers for their college swim team. They often work long hours to ensure the movements in their routine are perfectly timed. What part of their brains must Camille and Nicole rely most upon? pons cerebellum reticular formation medulla

cerebellum

What part of the brain can sometimes be referred to as the "rind" or outer covering? corpus callosum thalamus cortex medulla

cortex

In the structure of the neuron, the __________ receives messages from other cells. axon myelin dendrite soma

dendrite

Dr. Roll is conducting a research study. She wants to measure the physical connectivity in the research participants' brains by imaging their white matter. Which of the following methods will she use? computed tomography (CT) MRI spectroscopy diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)

Which of the following techniques involves passing a mild current through the brain to activate certain structures without damaging them? electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) electroconvulsive tomography (ECT) deep brain lesioning

electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB)

Which of the following is associated with pain relief? acetylcholine endorphins serotonin glutamate

endorphins

Which of the following techniques analyzes blood oxygen levels to look at the functioning of the brain? fMRI PET EEG CT

fMRI

Which one of the following is NOT a function of glial cells? cleaning up the remains of dead neurons generating action potentials generating myelin getting nutrients to the neurons

generating action potentials

Although oxytocin has been tied to a variety of prosocial behaviors such as "love" and "trust," some researchers believe that in humans, it may actually work to increase __________. the importance of some social stimuli negative pair bonding social loafing heart rate and empathy

he importance of some social stimuli

Which part of the brain is involved in the creation of long-term, declarative memories and is often linked to Alzheimer's disease? hypothalamus hippocampus thalamus amygdala

hippocampus

When a neuron is in the resting potential state, the neuron is negatively charged on the __________ and positively charged on the __________. bottom, top inside, outside top, bottom outside, inside

inside, outside

Jaime's grandfather recently suffered a stroke and has had difficulty with language production ever since. Most likely, he has experienced damage to the __________ area of his brain. left frontal right rear left rear right frontal

left frontal

Yvonne's ability to reach for and pick up her book is largely due to the functions of the __________ pathway of the __________ nervous system. autonomic, peripheral sensory, somatic motor, somatic parasympathetic, autonomic

motor, somatic

Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells generate a fatty substance known as __________. glial soma neurilemma myelin

myelin

Which of the following insulates and protects a neuron's axon, as well as helps speed along electrical impulses? neuromodulators synaptic knobs myelin sheath receptor sites

myelin sheath

When a neuron's resting potential is occurring, the neuron is __________ charged on the inside. negatively both positively and negatively positively neutrally

negatively

What is the process whereby the structure and function of brain cells change in response to trauma, damage, or even learning? cell regeneration neuroplasticity shallow lesioning deep lesioning

neuroplasticity

Bailey is a subject in a study on memory and problem solving. The researcher is applying magnetic pulses to her brain through copper wire coils positioned directly above her scalp. Bailey's study would best be described as a(n) __________ technique. noninvasive stimulation EEG PET invasive stimulation

noninvasive stimulation

n which of the following lobes of the cortex would you find the primary visual cortex? parietal temporal occipital frontal

occipital

Your friend Melissa has suffered from diabetes for her entire life. She regularly tests her blood to make sure her sugar levels are not too high or low. Which gland in her endocrine system is responsible for regulating her blood sugar? adrenal thyroid pituitary pancreas

pancreas

As you take notes, your heart beats at a normal rate. Your breathing is normal and your stomach slowly digests your earlier meal. What part of the peripheral nervous system is currently in action? autonomic division somatic division sympathetic division parasympathetic division

parasympathetic division

Robert has had difficulty sleeping for the past 6 months, and his body seemingly no longer differentiates between night and day. His doctor believes the problem lies with Robert's endocrine system. What gland will Robert's physician focus on? thyroid pituitary adrenal pineal

pineal

Which gland(s) have the greatest influence over other components of the endocrine system? pancreas pituitary pineal gonads

pituitary

Which gland(s) influence all other glands within the endocrine system? pituitary gland pineal gland adrenal glands thyroid gland

pituitary gland

Which of the following would be active if you have just had an automobile accident? somatic division parasympathetic division motor division sympathetic division

sympathetic division

Neurotransmitters must pass from an axon terminal to the next dendrite by crossing a fluid-filled space called the __________. glial cell reuptake inhibitor synapse neuron

synapse

Which brain structure relays incoming sensory information? pons hypothalamus thalamus reticular formation

thalamus

Your psychology professor refers to this as the great relay station of the brain. What part is he or she referring to? amygdala hippocampus thalamus hypothalamus

thalamus

If you touch a hot stove, your spinal cord can prompt you to withdraw your hand without having to send the message all the way to the brain. This is due to what scientists call __________. the sympathetic nervous system neuroplasticity the reflex arc the parasympathetic nervous system

the reflex arc

Andrew has always been thin. In fact, he often seems to be able to eat whatever he wants without gaining weight. The doctor told his parents that Andrew's __________ gland is the cause of his fast metabolism. pituitary adrenal pancreas thyroid

thyroid

Jessica suffered a severe blow to the back of her head when she was thrown from her horse. Subsequently, her occipital lobe has been injured. Which of her senses has the highest chance of being affected? touch vision hearing taste and smell

vision