Psychology Exam 3 (Chap. 8)

The "Termites" in Lewis Terman's study of gifted individuals were a group of

above average students

Claudia has bought a recipe book that gives her step-by-step procedures to prepare Italian cuisines. This scenario illustrates the use of

algorithms

Dhiraj excels at his work as a designer for the established fashion brand "Vivacious." According to Sternberg's theory of intelligence, it can be concluded that Dhiraj has a high level of _____ intelligence.

creative

Sandra is most likely to seek out information that refutes the existing hypothesis regarding the relationship between smoking and dementia when she engages in

critical thinking

Which of the following is the main disadvantage of using algorithms?

finding solutions may take a long time

Nigel is a ten-year-old boy. According to milestones of language development, which of the following language milestones is attained by Nigel at this age?

he uses synonyms in word definitions

If Keira's mental age is higher than her chronological age, this means that

her IQ is higher than average

Every week during football season, Fred and his friends have fun following the local high school teams. Before the games, Fred never really talks too much about how the games will turn out. On Monday, however, it is a different scenario altogether. Fred is more than happy to share with his friends that the results of the games turned out exactly as he thought they would. Thus, it can be concluded that Fred is demonstrating

hindsight bias

Dr. Ambrose feels that a particular intelligence test is probably culturally biased. Which of the following questions in the test would concern Dr. Ambrose the most?

in which month of the year is the Super Bowl played?

Which of the following statements is true of convergent thinking?

it works best when a problem has only one right answer

Shizuka administered a self-developed depression scale twice on a group of patients at a hospital. At both times, she observed that different scores were yielded by the same set of patients. From this scenario, it can be concluded that Shizuka's scale lacks

reliability

Critics of the work of Benjamin Whorf maintain that

words merely reflect, rather than cause, the way individuals think

Sharon had a major argument with Terence, her 50-year-old general manager in her previous company, whom she perceives as being arrogant and snobbish. Following the argument, she quit her job, and found a job in another company, and is currently working under Ian, who is about the same age as Terence. She now feels that Ian is also arrogant and snobbish. According to the biases and heuristics in decision making, it can be concluded that Sharon is likely to employ _____ in this scenario.

Representativeness heuristic

Sam manages a fast-food restaurant. He is frustrated because employees often call in sick at the last minute before the start of their shift. Given that Sam recognizes this problem, which of the following is the next immediate step that he should take to solve this problem?

Sam should define the problem in detail

Identify a true statement about the relationship between language and brain.

Wernicke's area is responsible for language comprehension

Alice, Natalie's roommate, argues that computers can perform several complex tasks better and more accurately than humans. However, Natalie counters her argument by stating that humans alone are capable of

developing new learning goals

Freisha intends to learn cooking but is confused about the type of cuisine she aims to learn. According to the steps in problem solving, the first step that must be taken by her is to

find and frame the problem

If an outcome measure is normally distributed, this means that

most scores are around the average with some scores being lower or higher

Harry intends to pursue his career in the armed forces. However, his mother prevents him from applying for a position in the armed forces. She fears that she will lose her son just like she lost her husband who died during his regime in the armed forces. Hence, it can be concluded that Harry's mother has used

the availability heuristic

Clara develops a test to assess the levels of anxiety among cardiac surgeons and shows it to Betty, a subject matter expert, for feedback on her test. Post the review session, Betty approves her test and states that the test measures what it aims to measure. Thus, from the above scenario this test exemplifies

validity