Psychology Exam #3 Study Set

Indira is 4 years old and is learning Spanish easily. Her 14-year-old sister, Swathi, is finding it very difficult to learn a second language. This is due to which of the following?

Synaptic pruning

"Intelligence cannot be improved by the training one receives." Which of the following is most likely to agree with this statement?

Terman and Americans in the 1920s

With which statement regarding intelligence testing would Binet, Simon, and Terman all agree?

Actual and mental ages are central to determining the score.

Lukas wants to solve a Rubik's Cube. He studies the puzzle carefully and then chooses a strategy. Which would be the best choice in this situation?

Algorithms

Leah has completed a 10-week meditation class. Her doctor conducts an MRI on her. Which of the following is her doctor most likely to find?

An enlarged hippocampus

Rasheed's mother is very comforting and attentive, holding him when he cries, answering his questions, and listening to his concerns. Which of the following is most likely to be true of Rasheed?

He will have a good memory.

Which child is displaying a quality that most strongly correlates with creativity?

Inaya reads ahead of the teacher.

Although her mother sets out her clothes every morning, Madison ignores those clothes and picks what she wants to wear, often creating some unconventional combinations. This situation is an example of which of Erikson's psychosocial stages?

Initiative vs. guilt

Sandra's cubemate at work is annoying. He clears his throat, sniffles, talks loudly, and clicks his pen. Sandra is not a violent person, but one day after his seventeenth throat clearing, she envisions acting out violently toward him. How would Freud characterize her reaction?

It arises from hidden impulses at the unconscious level.

Which of the following teens is most likely to have the easiest adolescence?

Jimmy, whose parents set rules but allow him to ask questions about the rules

Eight-year-old Kallie and her 5-year-old brother Cory each have a bag of 20 marbles. When Cory spreads out his marbles on the floor, he decides he has more marbles than she does. Kallie says they still have the same number. Which statement is true of Kallie and Cory?

Kallie has achieved conservation, whereas Cory is still bound by centration.

Cousins Ayesha and LaShondra are visiting a petting zoo. Ayesha readily interacts with all the animals. However, LaShondra is more cautious, hesitating to touch them. Which statement best explains this difference?

LaShondra's amygdala is more active, leading to a shy temperament.

Which of the following people is the most likely to have high hypnotizability?

Marc, who is 7 years old

Which group of people could be subjects in a heritability study?

Members of one Amish community in rural Pennsylvania

John is playing with his granddaughter. He smiles at the baby, laughs, and sticks out his tongue. She responds by copying everything John does. Which of these is the cause of the baby's actions?

Mirror neurons

Which of the following behaviors is representative of emerging adulthood?

Paul works for a year as a camp counselor and then tries financial advising.

In astronomy class, Raul compares the circumferences of space objects and discusses which ones should be considered planets. Which of the following is the artificial concept in this scenario?

Planets

Koffi attended a new student social at the dorm when she started college last year. She does not actively think about the social, but if someone asks her about it, she can remember many details. This situation is an example of which level of Freud's consciousness?

Preconsciousness

Which of the following best describes a conclusion from the studies of Kosslyn (1976) and Shepard and Metzler (1971)?

Processing images in the mind takes time.

Which of these is most likely to be the subject of Amahl's first dream of the night?

The art class project he completed that day

At the annual senior awards ceremony at Central High School, the class valedictorian receives all the awards for the highest grades in the academic categories of math, science, social studies, English, and foreign language. Personally, the valedictorian only likes a few of these subjects. Which might explain the valedictorian's achievement?

Spearman's g factor theory

Jack is concerned about his son, Jordan. The teen's schoolwork is suffering, he doesn't interact well with others, and he seems to have few goals or ambitions. Which of the following might a school psychologist recommend?

Spend more time in conversation with him.

After researching the distribution of wealth in society, Dean decides to join a protest. When his parents become upset, he argues, "Everyone deserves a fair share." Where would Kohlberg place Dean's moral development?

Stage 5—postconventional morality

Lapathia is a fictional country in Eastern Europe. Lapathians earn a living by farming and are schooled to the eighth grade. However, European education and industrialization are becoming more prevalent in Lapathia. Which of the following is most likely to occur with intelligence testing in Lapathia?

There will be a gradual increase in IQ scores over the decades as society becomes more complex.

When Dr. Hare points in the direction of a food source, her dog understands what the pointing indicates and finds the food. The dog can be said to have a(n)

theory of mind.

Which of the following people provides an example of a major developmental task associated with middle adulthood?

Cornelius, who serves as an advisor to a nonprofit

Andromeda is often thinking of new ideas and starting projects meant to explore them. When things go wrong, though, she has difficulty evaluating the problem. Which of Sternberg's intelligences does Andromeda use best?

Creative

A group of friends play a role-playing game. The characters are trapped in a dungeon. Sayuri is moving the characters' pieces on a hexagonal board as they progress. Eric is memorizing landmarks—such as a trap door and a broken statue—so that his character can find his way out of the dungeon. Mohammed is asking questions to learn information about the dungeon. Rose, the game master, has a secret list of the items in the dungeon so that she remembers what she has planned for the game. Which of the players is using a cognitive map?

Eric

During an ultrasound, Maddie notices that her unborn baby closes its left hand around its right index finger. The baby is in which developmental phase?

Fetal

With which statement would Jensen most likely agree?

Genetics is the major factor determining a child's trajectory.

Evie is very spry and mentally alert for a woman of 86. Which of the following most likely contributes to her condition?

Going out daily to visit friends

Which statement is an example of a schema in action?

He is wearing a black hat and has a goatee. He must be the bad guy in the movie.

At a wellness visit, Dr. Sodhi is assessing 18-month-old Andrea. Which of these observations indicates that Andrea is acquiring language at a normal pace?

She points to and names things.

Which of the following would best support the idea that there is a genetic component to intelligence?

Siblings Mara and Lia, raised by adoptive parents, have similar IQs.

Which of the following traits would both the Cree and the Buganda see as a mark of intelligence?

Slow and careful thought process

Elijah asks a friend to create a mental image of her favorite basketball player. He then asks what number the basketball player is wearing. Next, he asks about the hairstyle, and finally what kind of shoes the basketball player is wearing. The more detailed his question, the longer it takes for his friend to respond. This situation is an example of which concept used to study consciousness?

Zooming

A person who engages in meditation is mostly likely to have

a lowered blood pressure.

Juan looks at his pile of clothes, shoes, and books. He then looks at his suitcase. In his mind, he decides how he can pack everything so it can fit. This situation is an example of ________ intelligence.

fluid

A TV character uses a small clock and a Swiss Army knife to shut off the electrical system of a casino. This character has overcome

functional fixedness

Many women do not realize they are pregnant at first because the _________ phase is so short.

germinal

As Leilani lifts her baby over the table, he moves his legs as if he were marching. He can also sit up when his back is supported by a chair. These are examples of

innate reflexes.

Peter dreams of his teeth falling out, which his therapist says is related to a fear of aging. The image of his teeth falling out is the

manifest content.

Before administering an exam, a mathematics professor announces that in general, women do not do as well as men in math. After the tests are graded, the professor finds that the men scored approximately 10% higher than the women. This situation is an example of

stereotype threat.

Which is a key similarity between marijuana and PCP?

Both cause the user to sense things that are not real.

How is Wechsler's IQ testing most similar to that of Binet and Simon?

Both identify people who need extra help.

Dave takes his son Brendan for a sleep study. The monitor shows that Brendan is in REM sleep. When Dave looks in on Brendan, which of the following physical states will he see?

Brendan is lying very still.

Which of the following people is probably using the brain default network?

Britney is lying in a hammock, thinking about the cute guy in chemistry class.

Molly has broken off five engagements and seems to fear being vulnerable to another person. Which of the following might her therapist work to address?

Developing her sense of self-identity

Jess matures quickly, developing breasts earlier than the other girls in class. Which of the following is she most likely to experience?

Difficulty accepting her body

How does modern IQ testing differ from early IQ testing?

Early testing was for individuals, whereas modern testing tends to be in a group environment.

Baby Luca's mother holds a toy and then hides it under a blanket. Luca lifts the blanket to look for the toy. He has reached which of Piaget's stages?

Sensorimotor

Sudarsan's grandmother has achieved ego-integrity during the last phase of her life. Which of the following is evidence of this?

She accepts both the good things and the bad in her past.

Ramon and several friends go to a poetry reading by his favorite poet. The small theater smells like an old attic, and the seats feel just right to Ramon. A red velvet curtain parts and the poet walks out, reading lines of Ramon's favorite poem, which reminds him of where he grew up. According to James, which of the following would be a focus of the experience?

The poem read by the poet

Reggie is taking a math quiz. Under which circumstances should he consider giving intuitive answers?

The test is multiple choice, he has 10 minutes, and he has not studied well.

In which situation is Michael most likely to daydream?

While working as a dishwasher at his restaurant job

A consultant always pitches her most expensive, comprehensive service first. Afterward, her clients usually settle on a less-comprehensive service, with a cost still above market price. This is an example of _______ bias.

anchoring

A person under the influence of cocaine is usually

highly agitated and has a rapid heart rate.

John loses some money in the stock market, and his granddaughter tells him that he should have known better than to put money in the market. His granddaughter is demonstrating ________ bias.

hindsight

Killian, a five-year-old, looks at a dinosaur and sees a lizard. Ava, a paleontologist, looks at a dinosaur and sees a bird. Their differing categorizations are based on

prototype.

Four-year-old Mei Lin lived in a Chinese orphanage until the age of 2 years, when she was adopted into an English-speaking family. She had learned Chinese words prior to adoption and now is learning English well. This is an example of

the brain's plasticity.