Psychology Film Exam 3

Conrad

-Insomnia -Diminished appetite -Suicidal thoughts -Decreased interest -Decreased concentration -Social withdrawal -Mood: depressed, anxious, irritable -Affect: flat to constricted

Stigmatized View of Mental Illness

1. Coach doesn't understand depression- curiosity about hospital, ECT, patronizing 2. Mother - concerned with "what neighbors will think" Schoolmates - call him crazy, flaky, because of hospitalization 3. Calvin is at a loss

Therapy

1. "Don't take refuge in your one-liners" 2. "If you think I would forgive....she's going to forgive" Who is it who can't forgive? 3. He is worried that she blamed him, but it is really he that cannot forgive himself. 4. Allowed him to uncover conflicts about which he was not aware. 5. It is up to the therapist to lead them in that direction. 6. "Don't blame her for not loving you more than she is able"- "recognize her limitations" -know that she has problems that he is not responsible for. 7. The therapist mentions proportion-this is how the therapist remains neutral. 8. He needs to learn to forgive himself-but he doesn't know what for. The therapist makes him think about it. 9. "That is a hell of a secret you have been keeping on yourself"-unconscious

Post Traumatic Growth

1. "Following the loss of a loved one, there may not be recovery, as in the return to the previous state, but rather there is change in one's cognitive schema, or outlook." 2. "Personal growth is contingent on satisfactory completion of this ''schema reconstruction'' process; that is, for growth to occur, one must process and reconcile the meaning of the loss for one's life, or ''make sense of it.'" 3. "People unable to find meaning in their loss at six months post loss were rarely able to do so later. When they did, it typically implied a significant change in how one understands order and purpose in life."

Specific Phobia

1. A "marked and persistent fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation that almost always provokes immediate fear or anxiety." 2. Exposure to phobic stimulus must be followed by an immediate fear response. 3. The person must appreciate the fact that the fear is excessive or unreasonable. 4. Severity threshold-interfere with normal activities

Persistent Depressive Disorder- Dysthymia Diagnosis

1. A chronic state of depression; the symptoms are the same as those of major depression, but they are less severe 2. Persistent, lasting two or more years and an individual is never without symptoms for more than two months 3. Leads to severe outcomes (social isolation, high suicide risk, and mislabeled as moody or difficult)

Therapeutic Puppetry

1. A puppet represents a human being without being human....excellent for projection. 2. Projection is attaching one's feelings and/or actions to another person or object. 3. Not as useful for adults

End of Basketball Diaries

1. After a few days, Reggie left for work and left Jim alone. Still had cravings. 2. Jim returned home to his mother for money. She shut her son out, refusing to enable his addiction. 3. As Jim wailed and pleaded for money in the hallway of the apartment building, his mom called the police

Placebo Effect

1. After a few days, he believes that he is cured. 2. Baby Steps seems similar to CBT-breaking down events into smaller behavioral steps and changing the cognition

Agorophobia

1. Agoraphobia: most complex and incapacitating phobic disorder -Fear of the marketplace -Usually described as fear of public places -Typical situations -Crowded streets and shops -Traveling on public transportation -Avoidance and distress

OCD Therapy

1. Anxiety 2. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy 3. Flooding-flood the person with the feared stimulus 4. Systematic Desensitization-Progressive muscle relaxation -Hierarchy of fears -Learning process -Breathing retraining

Attachment

1. At Conrad's age, he needs a personal connection. 2. He is trying to establish his identity while dealing with the death of his bother. 3. The therapist becomes a "real object" and someone to whom Conrad can attach 4. Conrad is willing to make the effort. He believes that if he shows his mother love, she will respond in kind 5. She is incapable of loving Conrad and maybe Calvin 6. Conrad realizes he needs his father to be strong for him

Jim

1. Attends Catholic school where he is paddled for not complying with the rules 2. Is the star of the basketball team 3. He and his friends engage in risk-taking behavior 4. His best friend is dying from Leukemia 5. The turning point in Jim's drug abuse came when he was invited to spend the night with two girls. 6. Having done drugs before, cocaine did not seem like that big of a leap. After one sniff, the flood gates opened. 7. When that was not enough, Jim raided the medicine cabinet for drugs to send him back that incredible high

Course and Outcome Depressive Disorders

1. Average age of onset is 32 (Kessler et al., 2007) 2. Length of episodes vary widely 3. Minimum duration is two weeks 4. Remission: a period of recovery 5. Relapse: a return of active symptoms 6. Approximately half of unipolar patients recover in six months

Conrad's Recovery

1. Berates Calvin for showing affection for Conrad 2. Conrad calls out his mother for never having visited him in the hospital 3. "You would have visited Buck if he was in the hospital" and Beth says "Buck never would have been in the hospital"

Family Dysfunction

1. Beth blames Conrad for the family's troubles 2. She wants to maintain her façade and refuses to discuss Conrad's suicide attempt 3. Beth is disconnected from Conrad and Conrad's hurt comes out as rage

Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Treatment of OCD

1. Biological Treatments -Medication -SSRIs are used most often -Tricyclic antidepressants, Clomiprimine (if SSRIs are not effective) 2. Relapse is common if medication is discontinued.

More Bereavement

1. Buck's death affected each family member in different ways. 2. Conrad-vulnerable and still forming his identity as an adolescent 3. Calvin-wants to keep his family together in the midst of the tragedy 4. Beth-not able to deal with the death of her son and her world probably suffered more damage than Calvin's

Treatment CBT

1. CBT -Coping skills -Anger management- focus on factors that create and maintain drinking -Addresses negative patterns of thinking, expectations 2. Relapse Prevention -Relapse is nearly expected -Focus on increasing sense of control of one's life -Adaptive coping skills -Abstinence violation effects

Mood Disorder Overview

1. Clinical depression can refer to a mood or to a clinical syndrome, a combination of emotional, cognitive, and behavioral symptoms. 2. Clinical depression: depressed mood accompanied by other symptoms such as loss of energy, loss of pleasure, fatigue, changes in sleep and appetite

Bereavement

1. DSM-IV exclusion-the death of a relative or friend could not qualify for depression until 2 months after the loss. 2. DSM-V eliminated this exclusion. 3. Is normal grief now a form of illness? 4. Why bereavement and not a stressful life event in general?

Substance Use & Abuse Overview

1. DSM-V describes substance use disorders in terms of a maladaptive pattern behaviors that are related to a continued use of drugs. 2. Previous versions used two terms to describe substance use disorders, and these terms reflect different levels of severity: -Substance dependence -Addiction

Causes Biological Factors

1. Dopamine and Reward pathway -People may become dependent on psychoactive drugs because they stimulate areas of the brain that are known as "reward pathways." -Medial forebrain bundle

Bipolar Disorder Symptoms

1. Emotional Symptoms -Depressed, or dysphoric mood -Euphoria (mania) -Irritability -Anxiety 2. Cognitive Symptoms -Slowed thinking -Guilt and worthlessness -Guilt -Suicidal thoughts -Sped up thoughts (mania) Grandiosity (mania) 3. Somatic Symptoms -Aches and pains -Changes in sleep and appetite -Loss of sexual desire 4. Behavioral Symptoms -Psychomotor retardation Psychomotor agitation Gregarious and energetic (mania)

Mood Disorder Symptoms

1. Emotional Symptoms -Depressed, or dysphoric mood -Irritability -Anxiety 2. Cognitive Symptoms -Slowed thinking -Worthlessness -Guilt -Suicidal thoughts 3. Somatic Symptoms -Aches and pains -Changes in sleep and appetite -Loss of sexual desire 4. Behavioral Symptoms -Psychomotor retardation

Beth

1. Emotionally detached -more concerned with order, tidiness, and other social conventions. 2. Her manner was superficial chooses not to experience the full depth and feelings, -chooses not to connect with others 3. She can deal with any "mess" -ignore issues and suppress any outward display of emotion

Basketball Team

1. Eventually, he was kicked off the basketball team, kicked out of school, and then kicked out of his own home. 2. Jim fell so far into desperation attempting to get money to supply his habit that he resorted to prostituting himself in a public bathroom

Anxiety

1. Excessive Worry -Cognitive activity associated with anxiety -A relatively uncontrollable sequence of negative, emotional thoughts that are concerned with possible future threats or danger. -Worriers are preoccupied with "self-talk" 2. Normal vs. Pathological Worry -Distinctions hinges on quantity and quality of worrisome thoughts

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

1. Excessive anxiety and worry 2. Trouble controlling the worries 3. Worries lead to significant distress 4. Worry must occur more days than not for a period of at least 6 months 5. Worries must be about different events or activities 6. Not focused on having panic attacks, being embarrassed or contaminated

Pat's Father

1. Father does not know how to deal with him, partly due to his own dysfunction 2. Pat ends up in a fight at the Eagles game 3. His father expresses negative emotions toward Pat

Emotional Numbness

1. First Conrad avoids talking about what he does and why he is there and his emotions. 2. Pushed to an emotional outpouring 3. Had been unable to grieve for his brother. 4. Realized that he competed for his mothers attention with his brother. 5. He quit the swim team because his brother was the star and felt he could never compete.

Silver Linings

1. Gets released from hospital after an incident where he attacked a man 2. Unethical of therapist to play that song when he arrived 3. Many individuals with bipolar do not want to take their medication 4. Delusions, pressured speech, goal attainment-no insight into the situation with his wife

Comorbidity with Personality Disorders

1. Has trouble being alone and separating 2. Dependent personality disorder 3. Fear of separating from the therapist and his fish 4. Obeys everything the therapist says for acceptance.

Calvin

1. He is able to face personal and family issues honestly- He retains the capacity for empathy. 2. He realized Beth cannot forgive Conrad-they both did not cry at the funeral 3. Realizes what Beth is-probably would not have if not for the tragedy

Therapy

1. His father suffers from mental illness-obsessive compulsive disorder 2. Usually individuals with bipolar have a genetic predisposition 3. Has trouble controlling what he says-interactions with other people tend to be inappropriate 4. Always talks about his wife and believes they are still together Understands his condition, but still lacks insight 5.Doesn't like that he is attracted to a woman other than his wife 6. Stress brings on a manic episode 7. Pat's presentation is somewhat atypical given the lack of depressive episodes

Bob's Fears

1. His fear of being alone outweighs his anxiety 2. Indicative of a personality disorder due to the severity of symptoms 3. Bob's anxiety is "paralyzing" him. 4. He cannot tolerate being alone with his thoughts and fears

Cold Turkey

1. His friend Reggie forced Jim to stop cold turkey, driving him into withdrawal. 2. Sweat poured down Jim's face as he slowly lost control of his body. 3. He crawled to Reggie, begging him to get him some drugs to stop the pain

His Friend dies

1. Jim gave in. He referred to heroin as "a long heatwave through his body. Any ache or sadness or guilty feeling was completely flushed out." 2. A common adverse reaction from opiate use is nausea and vomiting. The next morning, Jim found himself in the bathroom and his mother confronts him 3. Heroin started off as a "Saturday night thing to make you feel cool, like a gangster or a rock star.....felt so good, you start doing it on Tuesdays. And then Thursdays. Then, it's got you. Every wise punk on the block says it won't happen to them, but it does. The voice is always there in your head...Just one more time, then I'll stop. But you can't." 4. Just one time and Jim was hooked 5. Apart from the struggle of a finding an identity-using drugs as a social catalyst to combat boredom and the sadness over losing his friend. 6. The problematic behavior is used not to have a good time, but as an emotional coping mechanism," addiction expert Robert Weiss told Business Insider. "[Addicts] are not trying to feel good, they're trying to feel less. They want to escape stress, anxiety, depression, and other forms of emotional discomfort, and they use their addiction to do that."

End of Basketball Diaries

1. Jim spent six months in prison for assault, robbery, resisting arrest, and possession of narcotics. 2. He "sweated out a horrible cure and stayed clean the whole stretch even though it was easier to get good junk in prison than on the street." 3. After his release, he finally had the strength to stay away from drugs

Treatment: Bipolar Disorders

1. Lithium -Moderates glutamate levels -Effective treatment in alleviation of manic symptoms -40% of patients do not improve -Non-compliance with drug due to side effects -Euthymic-stop taking 2. Antioconvulsants -Tegretol and Depakote -More than 50% responds to these drugs -Used to treat rapid cycling -Side effects 3. Psychotherapy -Can be effective supplement to biological intervention -Cognitive therapy -Interpersonal therapy- and social rhythm therapy (IPSRT)-daily routine -Combination of psychotherapy and medication is more beneficial than medication alone. -Therapy in the movie is incorrect

Treatment Depressive Disorders

1. MAO-Is: Phenelzine (Nardil) Not as effective as tricyclics Side effects: consuming foods with tyramine (cheese and chocolate) often increases BP. Can be used safely when foods such as cheese, beer, and red wine are avoided Used in treatment of anxiety disorders, particularly agoraphobia and panic

Minimal Threat/Minimal Growth

1. Minimal Threat/Minimal Growth describes individuals who do not seek explanations or meaning in the loss. 2. "They do not attempt to process their emotions or to identify how the loss has affected them." 3, "Changes in philosophy reported by this group do not come from a process of rebuilding self or shattered assumptions, but rather might emerge as an extension or implication of a particular worldview."

Treatment Anti anxiety Medications

1. Most frequently used minor tranquilizers are from the class of drugs known as benzodiazepines -Benzodiazepines include Diazepam (Valium) and Alprazolam (Xanax) 2. These drugs reduce many symptoms of anxiety, especially vigilance and subjective somatic sensations. 3. Side Effects -Sedation accompanied by mild psychomotor and cognitive impairments -Problems in attention and memory, especially among elderly -Potential for addiction - the most serious effect of benzodiazepines

Withdrawal

1. Most users will feel their first withdrawal symptoms anywhere from 6-12 hours after their last heroin use. If you stop heroin "cold turkey," without the assistance of any medications, withdrawal symptoms tend to reach their peak at about 3-4 days after your last heroin use. Drugs are usually administered throughout this treatment process to help ease the user off of heroin. In most cases, "opioid agonists" (such as methadone and buprenorphine) are the medications of choice. Police carry Narcan (Naloxone) "opioid antagonist" to prevent overdoses

Social Anxiety Disorder

1. Nearly identical to specific phobia but includes additional element of performance 2. Afraid of or avoids social situations -Situations fall under two broad headings: -Performance Anxiety -Interpersonal interaction 3. Fear of humiliation or embarrassment

According to the DSM-5

1. Needs others to be responsible for most aspects of his/her life 2. Difficulty communicating disagreement for fear of being rejected 3. Difficulty initiating self-directed activity due to lack of self-confidence 4. Going to extremes to garner caring and approval from others, feelings of discomfort when alone 5. Need to seek out new relationships when one ends and preoccupation with fears of being independent 6. Indecisiveness and need for excessive reassurance

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

1. Now a separate classification -Usually comorbid with anxiety disorders, but different brain signature than anxiety -Recognition that the obsessions or compulsions are excessive or unreasonable -Attempts to ignore, suppress, or neutralize the unwanted thoughts or impulses

Symptoms

1. Obsessions -Unwanted, anxiety-provoking thoughts -Thoughts may seem silly or crazy -Rarely act upon thoughts or impulses 2. Compulsions -Compulsions cannot be resisted without distress -Reduce anxiety, but do not produce pleasure -Two most common forms: cleaning and checking

Course & Outcome

1. Onset usually occurs between ages of 18 and 22 years. 2.. First onset can be depression or mania. 3. Average duration of a manic episode runs between two and three months 4. Long-term course is often intermittent -Long-term prognosis is mixed

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

1. Persistent sad or low mood that is severe enough to impair a person's interest in or ability to engage in normally enjoyable activities 2. Disturbance in psychological, emotional, social, and physical functioning 3. Episodic illness (single episode lasts two weeks to several months; can be recurrent)

Rapid Detox

1. Rapid detox-sedating patients with general anesthesia while an opiate blocker — such as naltrexone — is administered to force the body to begin detoxing. 2. Many individuals will go home following this treatment experiencing things like nausea, strong cravings, and pain for days. Others may suffer far more severe consequences from the rapid detox experience, and some have even died from the procedure. What is the problem?

Anxiety Disorders Contemporary Classification

1. Recognizes several specific subtypes: 2. Panic Disorder 3. Specific Phobia 4. Social Anxiety Disorder 5. Agoraphobia 6. Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Panic Disorder

1. Recurrent, unexpected panic attacks 2. At least one of the attacks must be followed by a period of 1 month or more with persistent concerns about having additional attacks. 3. Sudden, overwhelming experience of terror or fright 4. Emotional response more focused than diffuse 5. More intense than anxiety 6. Has a sudden onset

Treatment: Unipolar Disorders

1. SSRI's -Most frequently used antidepressant -Easier to use than other antidepressants -Fewer side effects -Sexual dysfunction, weight gain -Less dangerous in event of overdose 2. Tricyclics (TCAs) -Imipramine and amitriptyline -More side effects: -Constipation, drowsiness, drop in BP, blurred vision -Equal in efficacy to SSRIs 3. Cognitive/Behavioral Therapy -Focuses on helping patients replace self-defeating thoughts with more rational statements. -Current experiences -Effective for unipolar depression 4. Interpersonal Therapy -Focuses on current relationships, especially familial -Attempts to improve relationships by building communication and problem-solving skills

Silver Linings Ending

1. Sends the message that Pat and Tiffany's successful performance in a dance contest and their passionate love for each other can help with mental illness 2. This is an unrealistic view of the actual course of mental illness

Opiates Symptoms

1. Short-term Effects Heroin is a synthetic opioid-highly addictive -Can induce a state of dreamlike euphoria, which may be accompanied by increased sensitivity in hearing and vision -Positive emotional effects of opiates do not last-replaced by negative mood and emotion -Can induce nausea and vomiting among novice users, constrict the pupils of the eye, and disrupt the coordination of the digestive system 2. Long-term Consequences -At high doses, people who are addicted to opiates become chronically lethargic and lose their motivation to remain productive. -Tolerance develops rather quickly. -Reduced sex drive, infertility -Severe health consequences of opiate use Deadly

Treatment

1. Short-term Motivational Therapy -Non-confrontational procedure to resolve ambivalence about use and change behavior -Recognize inconsistency between behavior and long-term goals -Primary goal is to increase awareness of the substance use problems

What about Bob

1. Signs of OCD with fear of contamination and fear of performing inappropriate actions such as acting in a manner consistent with Tourette's syndrome. 2. Features of generalized anxiety disorder (fear of losing control) in addition to specific phobias, panic disorder and agoraphobia

Mental Rituals

1. Some compulsions are mental -Reassuring oneself that "everything is OK" -Wishing something to be different -Silently repeating special words, images or numbers -Counting and re-counting -Reviewing thoughts, feelings, conversations, or actions -"Un-doing" something in one's mind

DSM-5 Criteria

1. The DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for substance use disorders requires impaired control over substance use, social impairment, risky use of the substance, and pharmacological criteria. 2. Jim showed impaired control through his consistent and time-consuming effort to obtain the drug- intense craving for the substance and unsuccessful effort to cut down on drug use. 3. Jim's social life was impaired-termination from the basketball team, expulsion from school, and removal from his own home. 4. Jim showed risky use of the substance nearly every time he used the drug. Jim meets diagnostic criteria for a substance use disorder

No Meaning/No Growth

1. The No Meaning/No Growth model describes individuals who continue to search for meaning in the loss. 2. "They are more likely to experience negative changes in their world view, seeing the world as unfair or dangerous." 3. "The loss does not make sense, believing it was ''senseless'', ''a wasted death'', or that the death had ''no purpose''." 4. "Stuck in the process, unable to make sense of the loss and, unlikely to experience personal growth. They appear to be still active in their attempts to process the loss"

Rebuilt Self

1. The Rebuilt Self model is exemplified by those who are "struck to the core" by the loss. "In coping with their feelings, these individuals become introspective, developing greater personal strength and insight." 2. Report personal growth, both in terms of increased self-knowledge (e.g., ''It has helped me deal with every aspect of my life'') and increased personal strength (e.g., ''I have gained a lot of emotional strength''). 3. The meaning they drew from their loss tends to focus on their sense of who they were and who they have become

Biological Factors: Neurotransmitters

1. The development of antidepressant drugs stimulated research on several specific neurotransmitters. -Serotonin, Norepinephrine, Dopamine 2. There may be more than 100 different neurotransmitters in the CNS, and each neurotransmitter is associated with several type of postsynaptic receptors.

Suicide

1. The highest rate in the U.S. is among white males over the age of 50. 2. Within this group, men who have been occupationally successful are more likely to commit suicide, especially if that success is threatened. 3. 15 to 20% of all patients with mood disorders will eventually kill themselves

General Requirements

1. The person must have recognized at some point that the obsessions or compulsions are excessive or unreasonable. 2. These recurrent obsessions or compulsions must be severe enough to be time consuming (taking up more than 1 hour per day). 3. The obsessions/compulsions must cause a marked distress or significantly interfere with the individuals normal routine, occupational functioning, or usual social activities or relationships with others.

Therapeutic Effects of Exposure & Response Prevention

1. These are Baseline-Instruction-Response Prevention (RP) cycles from a woman with a hand-washing compulsion. 2. After a few cycles, the woman was washing less often and getting fewer urges to wash

Exposure and Response Prevention for OCD

1. Three mechanisms are thought to be involved in the reduction of obsessions and compulsions during ERP -Behavioral perspective-the extinction of conditioned fear responses. -Cognitive perspective-corrects dysfunctional beliefs -such as overestimation of threat -Gains self-efficacy by helping them to master their fears without having to rely on avoidance or safety behaviors

Tiffany

1. Tiffany keeps bumping into him 2. Family thinks it would be better if he forgot about his wife 3. Still does not have insight into his situation-will not open to anyone else 4. Doesn't realize the extent of his dysfunction 5. Tiffany tries to tell him that it is ok to have issues which he cannot accept 6. They both try to help each other-social support is a good adjunct with therapy

What is the evidence needed to show that a drug is addictive?

1. Tolerance: the process through which the nervous system becomes less sensitive to the effects of alcohol or any other drug 2. Metabolic-body becomes adapted to the drug 3. Pharmacodynamic- changes in receptor binding 4. Behavioral conditioning -resistance to the drugs behavioral effects-conditioned place preference 5. Withdrawal: the symptoms experienced when a person stops using a drug (alcohol withdrawal delirium)

Substance Use Disorder

1. Two or more symptoms must be present to meet the criteria for substance use disorder. 2. Severity is characterized based on the number of symptoms present: -Mild 2-3 symptoms -Moderate 4-5 symptoms -Severe 6 or more symptoms -Does not mean addictive disease 3. For example-with alcohol use disorder, the first four describe unsuccessful efforts to quit as well as craving, the next three are social impairment, then risky behavior, and lastly tolerance and withdrawal

Diagnosis

1. Two primary issues: -Should disorders be defined in a broad or a narrow fashion? Should it only diagnose the severe cases or include mild-depression? -Is depression "normal" if it follows a stressful event? -Heterogeneity - all patients do not have exactly the same set of symptoms, the same pattern of onset, or the same course over time

Expressed Emotion Psychological Factors

1. Understanding family attitudes 2. Several disorders are impacted by living in a family with high expressed emotion (EE) 3. Mood disorders, eating disorders, schizophrenia, panic disorder with agoraphobia, and OCD 4. High EE more common in Westernized societies

Treatment

1. Unipolar Disorders 2. Antidepressant Medications 3. Four general categories -Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), -Tricyclics, -Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MOA-Is), -Other newer antidepressants 4. Improvement typically in six to eight weeks 5. Current episode is often resolved within 12 weeks Continued 6 to 12 months after the patient has entered remission

More Withdrawal

1. Up to 8 hours after the last heroin dose -Intense drug cravings. -Moodiness: anxiety, depression and fear of withdrawal. 2. 8-24 hours after the last heroin dose -Stomach cramps. -Upper body secretions: sweating, watery eyes and runny nose. -Restlessness: yawning and insomnia 3. Up to 3 days after the last heroin dose -Diarrhea. -Fever and chills. -Muscle spasms: joint pain and tremor. -Nausea and vomiting. -Cardiovascular problems: increased heart rate and blood pressure

Emotional Abuse

1. When Beth is asked to pose with her son-she is insistent on not taking the picture. 2. Conrad is sensitive and picks up on this 3. Conrad loses his temper and screams "Give her the ******* camera!" 4. "I think this can be saved, it's a nice clean break"

Inaccuracies

1. Willingness of the therapist to deal with Bob's stalking behavior 2. Violation of doctor-client boundaries 3. Bob's ability to charm everyone 4. Phobias are relatively easy to cure, however the elevator phobia remains after years of therapy 5. OCD and anxiety are accurate, however his symptoms seems to disappear with almost no help from the therapist. 6. Dependent personality disorder is difficult to treat

Frequency Gender Differences

1. Women are two or three times more vulnerable to depression than men (Kessler, 2006). -Women are more likely than men to present for mental health services. -It is more difficult for men to admit to subjective feelings of distress. -Women-ruminating, expressive -Men-distracting

Post-Traumatic Growth

1."Conrad gradually was able to understand his emotions and learn to release and experience them in a more natural but still appropriately controlled manner." 2. "This kind of dual revelation by father and son helped them to finally connect and express affection for each other, and led to a final confrontation with Beth, whose reaction was to pack her suitcase and leave" 3. At the end, we see how Conrad and his father have worked through their issues and have rebuilt their psyches based on making meaning of the situation. 4. On the other hand, Beth does not engage in the process of examining her emotions.

Calvin

1.Successful tax attorney 2. Calvin is struggling with how to protect his son and how to save his marriage to Beth, which is obviously faltering. 3. Calvin is torn between both of their needs, but grows upset with Beth's disinterest in Conrad's life. 4. Cannot turn to Beth for comfort, but does reconcile with his son at the end 5. Conflict within the family-unhealthy power dynamic -Father is passive, mother has no patience. 6. The father plays more of an "expressive" role, expected of a caring mother, such as providing emotional support and tender care. 7. Mother tries to distract more than dealing with the loss of her son

Bipolar Disorders Diagnosis

All three types of bipolar disorders involve manic or hypomanic episodes. 1. Bipolar I: At least one manic episode (one week) 2. Bipolar II: At least one hypomanic episode, no full blown manic episode (4 days and does not disturb functioning) 3. Cyclothymia: Bipolar equivalent of (persistent depressive disorder) dysthymia-2 years -Must experience numerous hypomanic and depressive episodes during a two-year period.

What is the emotional outpouring called in psychoanalysis?

Catharsis

OCD & Related Disorders

Causes of OCD -Maladaptive consequences of attempts to suppress unwanted/threatening thoughts -A rebound may occur in this thought suppression

The therapist asks Conrad to think about how his father loves him. Conrad says, "That's different, he feels responsible. Besides he loves everyone" Changing his thoughts about his father's love is part of which therapeutic process?

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

Substance Use & Abuse Diagnosis

DSM-5 divides substance-related disorders into two categories. 1. Substance use disorders Problems arising from someone being addicted to a drug (e.g., alcoholism) 2. Substance induced disorders Problems arising from the impact of taking a drug (intoxication) or discontinuing its repeated use (withdrawal) The manual lists ten classes of drugs that can lead to substance-related disorders

Bob's Treatment

Dr. Marvin tells Bob to take a vacation from his problems

What type of therapy is shown when Bob is ted to the mast?

Flooding

Select the factor below that is associated with an increased risk for bipolar disease?

Having a close relative with the disease

Which of Jim's withdrawal symptoms was illustrated inaccurately?

He seemed better after a couple of nights

According to the latest research, what can account for Jim's addiction to heroin

Lack of emotional ties, boredom, death of friend

What type of episode is Pat experiencing?

Mania

The part that has to do with happiness

Medial Forebrain bundle

What Stage is Conrad's Mother in?

Minimal Threat/Minimal Growth

Consider the various types of tolerance. Select the type that occurs when receptors in the brain adapt to continued presence of the drug

Pharmacodynamic

Which defense mechanism is illustrated in this scene?

Projection

Major depressive disorder is often a recurrent condition in which patients experience ___________ followed by___________

Severe Symptoms & Periods of recovery

Bob does not show symptoms of which disorder?

Social Anxiety

What type of symptom is loss of appetite?

Somatic

What anxiety does bob have about getting on the elevator?

Specific Phobia

The struggle to deal with worry and to control our thinking often leads to a process known as __________

Thought suppression

What psychoanalytic idea did Conrad show when he was lashing out about his brother?

Transference