Psychology Final

Tolerance is often a condition that follows repeated exposure to a drug. In this experiment, how did the researchers develop tolerance in the rats?

By repeatedly injecting the rats with heroin during the pretest sessions

According to the excerpt, what is one of the major problems in detecting AD?

By the time doctors are able to detect AD, the disease has already progressed significantly.

The branch of psychology concerned with developing methods of treatments is:

Clinical psychology

Alzheimer's Disease Early Stage: Middle Stage: End Stage:

Cognitive deficits are problematic, but patients can still do most day-to-day tasks Pts show significant impairment and show rudimentary cognitive abilities Pts show severe cognitive and physical deterioration

According to Wilhelm Wundt, the focus of psychology was on the scientific study of:

Conscious experience

Skinner would suggest that if you study "extra hard" for your first psychology midterm and earn an "A," for your next psychology midterm, you would:

Continue to study "extra hard"

The theories developed by Freud and Jung originated in part from their interactions with clients. From the details of the letter, which of the following can you assume was a component of their clinical practices?

Dream analysis

Why do you think the related words are falsely recognized at a higher rate than the unrelated words?

In our memory, we have associations between the related words and several words on the original list.

Based on statements made in the video, which of the following conclusions can be drawn about schizophrenia?

Schizophrenia is a disease of the brain.

How can you summarize the treatment process Dr. Reger describes in the video?

Seeing the situation over and over in a safe environment reduces its emotional impact.

When the producer participates in the experiment, she is instructed to think about certain kinds of stimuli, such as a hammer or an apartment. When the computer analyzes her thoughts, it is making a decision about whether she thought about a tool or a dwelling. Considering these methods, which of the following is a valid criticism of this experiment?

The computer isn't really reading people's thoughts; it's making a probability-based choice between two very different kinds of thoughts.

What differed between the same-tested and different-tested groups during the test session?

The environment in which the injection was administered

What was the primary difference between the control and experimental groups in this experiment?

The experimental group was asked to provide reasons for liking or disliking the jams they tasted, whereas the control group was not.

How does this type of therapy proceed?

The intensity of the experience gradually increases after patients become familiar with the virtual environment.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the ratings made by the participants in this experiment?

The jam rated second best by the control group was rated fourth best by the experimental group.

The research method in which the investigator manipulates a variable under carefully controlled conditions and observes whether any changes occur in a second variable as a result is the:

experimental method

Suppose a researcher discovered a +.87 correlation between the length of a person's toes and the number of shoes the person owns. In general, people who own the fewest number of shoes would have:

naturalistic observation

Sigmund Freud developed an innovative procedure for treating people with psychological problems, which he called:

psychoanalysis

Which of the following would be least likely to be studied by a cognitive psychologist?

shaping behavior by reinforcement

Suppose a researcher discovered a +.87 correlation between the length of a person's toes and the number of shoes the person owns. In general, people who own the fewest number of shoes would have:

small toes

An industrial designer wants to determine if the new design for a piece of office equipment will result in fewer errors. The designer sets up a machine with the old design in one room and a machine with the new design in a second room. He counts how many errors are made using each of the two machines. In this study, the number of errors that are made would be:

the dependent variable

Experiments such as this are known as implicit association tests. They are thought to measure a person's implicit or automatic attitudes by examining how he or she responds when various items are presented together. The basic idea is that if two concepts are strongly associated in someone's mind, he or she will respond rapidly when those concepts are presented together. According to this theory, the inverse is also true. Slower and less accurate response rates are the result of a weak ? association between two concepts. For this experiment, a slower, less accurate response rate is shown to be typical for Caucasian ? males and handguns.

weak caucasian

Hubert and his roommate, Shen, are going to a party. Shen is a bit shy and not sure that he'll have a good time. Hubert decides to give his roommate some advice. Which of the following pieces of advice is consistent with the results of the study by Strack and colleagues?

"If you want to have a good time tonight, just remember to try to keep smiling. If you look happy, you'll feel happy."

The theories developed by Freud and Jung were often met with criticism. Which of the following passages from the letter highlights the beginning of this criticism?

"The young man also tells me that in Zurich people have started calling me names, particularly colleagues."

How is the identification of these thoughts accomplished?

A computer analyzes the pattern of activity recorded in several regions of the brain.

The theoretical orientation that insisted on the study of overt actions was:

Behaviorism

Based on the trends in the previous typical coping profiles, which of the following is most likely true?

Men are less likely than women to seek clinical guidance to deal with a stressful situation.

Identify which statement accurately characterizes the typical coping profiles for men and women.

Men are more likely than women to use withdrawal coping strategies.

Which of the following symptoms of schizophrenia is illustrated by the people in the video?

One person suffers auditory hallucinations, perceiving sounds that have no real auditory source.

Why did researchers expect the funniness ratings to be highest for the teeth group?

Participants in this condition had to contract their cheek muscles in a way that is similar to a smile.

How can you describe the typical participant's performance? Check all that apply.

Participants mistakenly believe they saw some of the related words. Participants are generally good at recognizing the words from the list.

Which of the following best summarizes the results of this experiment?

Participants who activated smiling muscles thought the cartoons were funniest, participants that inhibited the smiling muscles found the cartoon least funny, and participants that didn't activate face muscles were in the middle.

Although many believe that Diallo's West African heritage factored heavily into the brutal decision made by the officers, what other faulty interpretations most likely led to the officers' decision to shoot Diallo?

The officers believing that Diallo was reaching for a gun and that their fellow officer was falling backwards after being shot by Diallo

These types of tests have incited much controversy and are not intended to be used to draw conclusions about oneself or others. Rather, the tests are designed to allow people to recognize the possible impact stereotypes can have on one's automatic thoughts or feelings. Which of the following stereotypes is likely to have led to the typical results that were illustrated in this demonstration?

The stereotype that African American males are more violent and more likely to own a handgun than either Hispanic or Caucasian males

How did the difference identified in the previous question most likely lead to the difference in fatality rates?

The unfamiliar environment caused the different-tested rats not to anticipate the heroin injection, increasing their fatality rate.

Wilson and Schooler state that analysis "changed people's minds about how they felt" in this experiment. Which of the following thought processes is consistent with this assertion?

They focused on attributes that were detectable but not necessarily relevant to liking, then altered their opinion so that it matched their analysis.

Untreated PTSD is associated with a range of negative consequences including substance abuse, severe depression, uncontrollable anxiety, and difficulty adjusting to civilian life. It can also take a toll on others by leading to greater family strife, greater likelihood of divorce, and increased rates of domestic violence and child abuse. Finding an effective way of treating this condition has the potential to help a significant number of people. What do patients experience in the virtual reality environment?

They see, hear, and smell familiar scenes from the war.

What kind of thoughts is Dr. Just identifying?

Whether a participant is thinking of a tool or a dwelling

Dr. Rice believes that it is not possible to fully understand emotions unless we understand the purpose that the conscious experiences associated with emotions play in survival and adaptation. Dr. Rice's views are most consistent with those of:

William James

One method to control for experimenter bias effects in research is to use:

a double-blind procedure

Which type of psychologist would be most likely to discuss the concept of free will and its impact on individuals?

a humanist

Mrs. Smith, an elementary school teacher, believes that girls are smarter than boys. She predicts that the girls in her class will learn more than the boys during the school year. Her prediction is:

a hypothesis

Dr. Kincaid was interested in the topic of autistic savants (individuals with limited abilities in many areas, but with an exceptional talent in one specific area). In the initial part of the investigation, Dr. Kincaid carefully observed and compiled detailed files on three individuals who were autistic savants. Dr. Kincaid is conducting:

case study research