Psychology Final Practical Questions

Which correlation coefficient best represents a moderate relationship showing fewer anxiety symptoms in people who report higher life satisfaction? a. +0.4 b. +0.7 c. -0.2 d. -0.5

-0.5

statistics show that ____ of homeless adults living in shelters experience mental illness

26%

Egon can't pay attention in class. He is easily distracted, won't sit still, and displays poor impulse control. The school counselor suggested that his parents take him to a doctor to have him assessed for ________.

ADHD

Henry is juror number four in a murder trial. He believes the accused is guilty, but when the jurors vote it becomes clear he is the only one that thinks this way. Henry votes not guilty along with the other jurors despite what he sees as evidence clearly indicating guilt. This is an example of the ________ effect.

Asch

Ashya wants to focus on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior. What area of psychology should she work in?

Clinical psychology

A ___ scan involves taking a number of x-rays of a particular section of a person's body or brain.

Computerized Tomography (CT scan)

Which of the following is a criticism of evolutionary psychology?

Demonstrating that a trait, especially in humans, is naturally selected, is extraordinarily difficult.

Which classification system is used by most health professionals in the USA

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

who developed the psychosocial theory of development

Erik Erikson

which of the following exemplifies a symptom of autism spectrum disorder?

Gemma exhibits deficits in social interactions by not initiating conversations with other children, and she turns her head away when spoken to

which of the following does not influence perception? a. Gestalt b. previous experiences c. cultural background d. where we focus our attention

Gestalt

A series of dots arranged in the shape of a face will be perceived as a face, not a series of dots. A psychologist studying this phenomenon is applying the principals of ______.

Gestalt Psychology

two links appear to be a different length, though in reality they are the same length. This is known as the _____ illusion.

Muller-Lyer

which of the following is an example of a diathesis-stress model?

Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died

Cordelia, an active duty marine, served in Afghanistan. While she was on patrol with her friend, an IED went off, killing her friend and injuring her. In the two months since her friend died, Cordelia has been jumpy, irritable, avoids talking about her friend, and once every few days experiences a flashback to the explosion. Cordelia is experiencing a ________ disorder.

PTSD

What is the main point of the quizmaster study

People will overlook obvious situational influences on behavior.

which of the following illustrates conservation?

Scott knows that one piece of pizza cut into two slices is the same amount as cutting the same piece of pizza into three slices.

Rosemary had a stroke about a year ago and now she cannot understand what people are saying to her. This is embarrassing for her, so she responds using vague language and tries to make it appear as though she understands. Which area of Rosemary's brain was likely damaged by the stroke?

Wernicke's Area

the behavior of soldiers who abused prisoners at the ABu Ghraib facility during the Iraq War was predicted by the Standford Prison Experiment that was overseen by social psychologist ____

Zimbardo

Which of the following statements about algorithms is false?

algorithms cannot be used in everyday life

Svetlana admires her boss, Helga. One day Helga forgets her briefcase and Svetlana loses all admiration for Helga. Svetlana thinks that a boss is either always perfect or not worthy of admiration. What kind of cognitive distortion is this?

all-or-nothing thinking

the analytical intelligence componenet of the triarchic theory of intelligence is demonstrated by the ability to _____

anaylze, evaluate, judge, compare, and contrast

Paxil, Prozac, and Zoloft are examples of ___.

antidepressants

the symptoms of schizophrenia may be treated with which of the following forms of psychopharmacology?

antipsychotics and atypical antipsychotics

A(n) ____ is the evaluation of or feelings toward a person, idea, or object that are typically positive or negatie

attitude

what kind of therapy involves employing principles of learning to help clients change undesireable behaviors?

behavioral

What is comorbidity?

co-occurrence of two disorders

_____ encompasses the process associated with perception, knowledge, problem solving, judgement, language, and memory.

cognition

_____ development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity.

cognitive

Sandra strongly believes that attending daycare is detrimental to children's development so she decides to write her psychology term paper on this topic. She does a literature search and finds several sources supporting her opinion, but she finds that the majority of research indicates that children attending daycare experience healthy development. She writes a paper using the sources that find negative associations with daycare attendance. This is an example of ________.

confirmation bias

A/An _______ is a variable that affects both variables of interest and may falsely give the impression of a cause-and-effect relationship.

confounding variable

Raymond Cattell was a psychologist who _____

divided intelligence into two components: crystallized and fluid

which of the following explains why most psychiatric hospitals emphasize short-term care?

due to the very high cost of psychiatric hospitilization, insurance coverage often limits the length of time one can be hospitalized

Lisa has problems sleeping, so she goes to a sleep clinic. At the clinic the researchers measure her brain's electrical activity as she sleeps by using the technique of

electroencephalographs (EEGs)

a particular belief of ____ therapy is the possibility of decreasing a client's sense of shame and isolation about the problem they face, while also letting them offer support to others

group

which of the following strategies may effectively reduce prejudice between groups?

having groups meet under equal terms and cooperate on a tast

Spurling et al. investigated the effects of two vocabulary learning strategies on word retention two weeks later. In this example, learning strategy is the ________ variable and word retention is the ________ variable.

independent; dependent

After age 65, most people are attempting to assess their lives and make sense of life and the meaning of their contributions. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

integrity vs. despair

In Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences theory, ____ intelligence and _____ intelligence are often combined into a single type: emotional intelligence

interpersonal; intrapersonal

Guillermo spends some time each day applying the principles of structuralism to examine his own conscious experience as carefully as possible. Guillermo is engaged in ________.

introspection

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good hypothesis? a. it is an if-then statement b. it can be tested using empirical methods c. it is complex d. it is falsifiable

it is complex

At the point of the optic chiasm, information from the right visual field (which comes from both eyes) is sent to the ____ side of the brain, and information from the left visual field is sent to the ____ side of the brain.

left; right

Randolf is walking down the street of his hometown, after being away for several years, when he smells the scent of freshly baked pie coming from a local baker. He suddenly has vivid memories of walking down this street as a child, holding both of his parents' hands, and swinging between them, feeling relaxed and happy. This is because the sense of smell projects directly to the ________, which is responsible for ________ memories.

limbic system; emotional

____ refers to the way that sensory information is interpreted and consciously experienced; _____ refers to what happens when sensory information is detected by a sensory receptor.

perception; sensation

When is comes to social psychology, a script is a ____

person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting

Yuri experiences excessive, distressing, and persistent fear or anxiety about heights. Yuri suffers from a(n) ________.

phobia

Dr. Bogdarian noticed that one of her students addresses her with the word mother instead of the word professor or doctor. Dr. Bogdarian applies the principles of ________, and hypothesizes the student misspeaks because he is unconsciously associating her with his mother.

psychoanalytic theory

Elena is attending mandatory therapy sessions. Her doctor just wants her to talk about her childhood. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

psychodynamic

at the most basic level, schizophrenia is best conceptualized as a(n) ____ disorder.

psychotic

In order to maximize the chances that experimental groups represent the population of interest, researchers should conduct ________ and ________.

random sampling; random group assignment

________ have over 85% of the l,669 federally designated mental health professional shortage areas.

rural areas

Fatima generalizes that all men are irresponsible players, cheaters, and liars. When it comes to men, Fatima may be applying ________: negative beliefs about individuals based solely on their membership in a group.

stereotypes

Select the correctly ordered list of psychological perspectives, with the earliest perspective listed first.

structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, humanism

Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by ________.

studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes

The _____ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and increased respiration.

sympathetic- "fight or flight"

The space between 2 neurons is called the ____.

synapse

The site where communication occurs between neurons is called the

synpase

what should be changed to make the following sentence true? In aversion therapy, a therapist seeks to treat clients' fears or anxiety by presenting them with the object or situation that causes their problem, with the idea that they will eventually get used to it through extinction of the conditioned response

the word 'aversion' should be changed to 'exposure'

Research shows that people who smoke cigarettes are more likely to get lung cancer than those who do not smoke. This research along demonstrates that _____.

there is a relationship between smoking and lung cancer

"The central tenet of Gestalt pyschology is that the _____ is different from the sum of its ____."

whole; parts

what principle underlies the effectiveness of systematic desensitization?

you can't be nervous and relaxed at the same time

which principle underlies cognitive therapy?

How you think determines how you feel.

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the case study of Phineas Gage's accident, which led to brain injury?

Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, and specific brain areas are linked to particular behaviors

Psychoanalytic theory focuses on _____ and early childhood experiences.

a person's unconsciousness

18-month-old Gordon learned the schema for apples. When Gordon sees tomatoes at the grocery store, he says, "Look mommy, apples!" His mother tells him that the food he sees at the store is a tomato, not an apple. He now has separate schemata for tomatoes and apples. This exemplifies ________.

accommodation

___ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent, fear and apprehension and by related disturbances in behavior

anxiety

Illnesses such as diabetes and stomach cancer kill more than twice the number of Americans than murder or car accidents. However, Zale sees car accidents as more dangerous because he often hears about car accident fatalities on the nightly news, and he doesn't know anyone with diabetes or stomach cancer. Therefore, Zale takes more precautions against car accidents. This exemplifies ________.

availability heuristic

The brain contains ____ of interconnected neurons and glia.

billions

Inattentional ________ refers to the failure to notice something that is completely visible due to a lack of attention.

blindness

Phyllis cannot be alone. Her moods and behaviors are unstable, as are her relationships with other people. She often displays inappropriate and intense anger. Recently, Phyllis wrote a suicide note and offered to show it to her husband. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for her personality?

boderline personality disorder

what kind of processing is exemplified by the following scenario? Ester's mother offers her a new dish she's been working on-- a raisin-jalapeno quiche. Esther's body responds first: Esther eyes the content of the skillet, and smells the mix of raisins, jalapenos, and eggs. Her stomach churns and she looks away. Feeling disgust and disappointment, she says, "I'm not hungry."

bottom-up

the 2 major divisions of the nervous system are the _____ and _____.

central; peripheral nervous systems

The _____ receives messages from muscles, tendons, joints, and structures in our ear to control balance, coordination, movement, and fine motor skills.

cerebellum

When a child works on a "connect the dots" puzzle, she can often see the completed work before she has finished all of the dots. Once there is enough visual information present, she's able to perceive the completed picture even though it is still incomplete. Which Gestalt principle does this demonstrate?

closure

Rafael is in therapy, and one of his goals is to overcome his pessimistic attitude. His therapist helps him eliminate thought patterns that lead to distress. For example, he helps Rafael learn to not overgeneralize his likelihood of failing his sociology class based on doing poorly on his first exam. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

cognitive therapy

a psychological disorder is a ___

condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Petra walks into a brightly lit Psychology lab to participate in an experiment involving the ability to perceive the colors of the rainbow. Which photoreceptors will be most useful during this experiment?

cones

The _____ group does not get the experimental treatment.

control

A major advantage of case studies is ______.

detailed information

suppose you are walking down a street. A woman has fallen down, but because there are so many peple around it does not occur to you that you should help. You just assume someone else is about to help her and keep walking. this is an example of ____

diffusion of responsibility

Theorists who view development as ________ believe that development takes place in unique stages.

discontinuous

Mona works at a bank. When Luis, a Colombian man, arrives to drop off his paycheck she pretends to be busy and directs him to another teller. She does this whenever a non-White person wants assistance. This is an example of ________.

discrimination

which of the following research designs will allow cause-and-effect conclusion?

experimental

Navigating your way home through an unfamiliar route due to road construction would draw upon your ________ intelligence.

fluid

which type of persuasion involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor, only to later request a larger favor

foot-in-the-door

Children in the ________ stage can use abstract thinking to problem solve, look at alternative solutions, and test these solutions.

formal operational

Korro is walking to school thinking about the lobes of the cerebral cortex. He realizes that each of the lobes are active as he watches where he's going, hears the traffic around him, feels the breeze on his arms, and plans his day. The ____ lobe is responsible for his ability to plan ahead.

frontal

which concept is a type of mental set where you cannot perceive an object being used for something other than what it is designed for

functional fixedness

Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she likes to bully him, not because she had a bad day. Lee is making a ________.

fundamental attribution error

Miguel worries excessively about things beyond his control, and his worries often interfere with his life. He avoids driving because he worries about car accidents. He calls his parents twice a day because he worries they are dead. He checks his credit card statement three times a day because he worries about identity theft. Miguel probably suffers from ________.

generalized anxiety disorder

which is the best example of the foot-in-the-door technique of persuasion?

getting your parents to agree to cut their smoking down by a few cigarettes, then asking them to quit altogether

someone with an IQ above 130 would be described as _____

gifted

Introspection refers to a process by which someone examines _____ as objectively as possible.

her own conscious experience

Which aspect of the scientific method occurs first?

hypothesis

Twin boys both have a gene associated with aggressive tendencies. What is the most likely outcome to be observed in their behavior as they grow up?

it is not possible to determine the twins' behaviors based on having this single gene

Which of the following describes the difference in stimuli required to detect a difference between the stimuli?

just noticeable

the ___hypothesis is the ideology common in the US that people get the outcome they deserve

just-world

which of the following defines antisocial personality disorder

lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds

which term describes a communication system that uses systematic rules to organize words to transmit info from one individual to another?

language

A group of preschool-age children are enrolled in a study that plans to follow them over time in order to assess behaviors and other characteristics that may predict later development of schizophrenia. This is an example of a(n) ________ design.

longitudinal

Longer wavelengths will have ____ frequencies, and shorter wavelengths will have ____ frequencies.

lower; higher

Which of the following is NOT a modern method for accurately measuring brain activity/functioning?

magnetic resonance imaging

a _____ is the smallest unit of language that conveys some type of meaning

morpheme

what kind of symptoms involved reflecting noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives

negative

Candice wants to create a computer model of the nervous system. She asks her friend Mei what the "basic unit" of the nervous system is so that she can start her model. What should Mei's response be?

neuron

A(n) _____ is a basic unit of a given language

phoneme

A(n) _____ is the best example or representation of a concept

prototype

Stan and Jenny are in a pscyhology course that requires them to repeat an experiment that researchers have conducted in the past, in order to determine whether they produce the same results. This is called _____.

replication

___ are the concepts (mental models) that are used to help us categorize and interpret information

schemata

which psychological disorder is characterized by major disturbances in thought, perception, and behavior?

schizophrenia

psychological knowledge is advanced through a process known as ______, which involves a prescribed series of steps designed to achieve the desired knowledge.

scientific method

Erikah has just arrived at the funeral of her friend's father. Even though Erikah is usually very outspoken and jovial, she keeps her voice down, expresses her sympathy to the family members, and sits quietly and respectfully during the religious service. Erikah is following the ____ of how to behave in this particular situation

script

Umberto is a one year old, and his mother is sensitive and responsive to his needs. He is distressed when his mother leaves him, and he is happy to see her when she returns. What kind of attachment is this?

secure

Which of the following are the two most basic divisions of the peripheral nervous sytem?

somatic nervous system; autonomic nervous system

The central nervous system consists of the brain and the _____.

spinal cord

A _____ is any environmental agent-biological, chemical, or physical- that causes damage

teratogen

The ______ of a neuron contain ______ that house neurotransmitters, the chemical messengers of the nervous system.

terminal buttons; synaptic vesicles

The auditory cortex is located in which lobe of the brain?

termporal

What is meant by the term etiology?

the cause of a disorder

sensations and information are received by our brains, filtered through emotions and memories, and processed to become ______

thoughts

Cognitive psychology focuses on studying ____.

thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and our actions

What kind of processing is exemplified by the following scenario? Shimon offers Mouin some salmon. Mouin thinks, "How nice. My friend is offering me fish. I wonder where he got it." This thought leads Mouin to feel happy, appreciative, and curious; he responds with a smile and an extended hand.

top-down

which type of processing involves the interpretation of sensations and is influenced by available knowledge, experiences, and thoughts?

top-down

the word _____ is both a morpheme and a phoneme

I

________ is the electrical signal that typically moves from the cell body down the axon to the axon terminals.

action potential

Sariah enters a room with several chirping crickets in it. Upon first entering the room, Sariah can hear the chirping; however, as she begins to talk to her friends, she is no longer aware of the chirping even though it is still there. The fact that Sariah no longer perceives the chirping sound demonstrates sensory ________.

adaptation

what term describes the continuation of a visual sensation after removal of the stimulus?

afterimage

a panic disorder is a type of _____ disorder characterized by panic attacks, along with at least one month of worry about panic attacks or self-defeating behavior related to attacks

anxiety

One-year-old Ainsley learned the schema for trucks because his family has a truck. When Ainsley sees trucks on television, she says, "Look mommy, truck!" This exemplifies ________.

assimilation

Sarit is at a bar full of music, chatter, and laughter. He gets involved in an interesting conversation with a woman named Mona, and he tunes out all the background noise. Sarit's friend, Karen, taps him on the shoulder and asks what song just played on the jukebox. Sarit says he doesn't know, even though he is sitting right next to the jukebox and is familiar with popular music. This illustrates the role that ________ plays in what is sensed versus what is perceived.

attention

Marcy is 15 months old, and her father is insensitive and inattentive her needs. Marcy reacts to him the same way she reacts to a stranger-she doesn't care if he leaves the room and when he returns she is slow to notice or react. What kind of attachment is this?

avoidant

According to attachment theory, which of the following is not needed for healthy attachment?

caregiver must be responsive to a child's food preferences

Dr. Mattar is interested in knowing more about brain injury to the occipital cortex, and he studies patients individually in order to gain in-depth knowledge about their behaviors. These studies would best be described as ________.

case studies

Don knows that drinking too much liquor is a costly habit that is bad for his health, but he continues to drink large amounts of liquor. He also thinks he is a smart person that makes good choices. Don feels some psychological discomfort from this contradiction, which is also called ________.

cognitive dissonance

in order to overcome an eating disorder, Sevilla's therapist works to change her cognitive distortions and self-defeating behaviors by helping her learn to identify such behaviors. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

cognitive-behavioral therapy

which term refers to the fact that the therapist cannot disclose private communications to any 3rd party unless mandated or permitted by law to do so?

confidentiality

Carmela believes her assistant, Lian, is incompetent. She notices only what Lian does wrong while ignoring the above average quality of most of her work. This exemplifies ________ bias.

confirmation

aversive conditioning is a _____

counterconditioning technique that pairs an unpleasant stimulant with an undesirable behavior

Harrison et al. are conducting a study assessing the ability of depressed versus non-depressed participants to remember negative emotions in a short story about a family whose car breaks down. They plan to ask participants to read the story and then make a list of the emotions expressed in the story. Before beginning the study, they make a list of negative emotions (e.g., sadness and anger) that they will record from the participants' responses. In this example, negative emotions are the ________.

dependent variable

Lucy wants to study changes in cognitive skills, moral reasoning, and social behavior across the lifespan. Lucy should specialize in ________ psychology.

developmental psychology

the _____ model suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with adverse environmental or psychological events

diathesis-stress

______-frequency sound waves are perceived as high-pitched sounds, while ____-frequency sound waves are perceived as low-pitched sounds.

high; low

When Opal sees a snake, her breathing becomes more shallow and her heart rate increases. This life-essential, physiological stress response is initiated in which area of the brain?

hindbrain- because medulla is where heart rate and blood pressure are controled from; automatic process

Zharahus suffered damage to her forebrain and now has great difficulty forming new memories. Which subcortical structure of the forebrain has most likely been damaged?

hippocampus

what is described by the concept of perception?

how sensory information is interpreted and consciously experienced

Dr. Banner wants his clients to learn to articulate thoughts that keep them from achieving their goals. Therefore, Dr. Banner increases their self-awareness by focusing on their conscious thoughts. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation is he using?

humanistic therapy

Elaina has been diagnosed with a small brain tumor. She first went to see her doctor after experiencing symptoms such as feeling very cold, almost fainting, a reduced appetite, and reduced sexual desire. Which of the following structures is her tumor most likely affecting?

hypothalamus

Adolescents (ages 12-18) experiment with and develop a sense of who they are and what roles they want to play. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

identity vs. confusion

how is behavior therapy different than psychoanalysis?

in behavior therapy, a therapist employs principles of learning to help clients change undesireable behaviors, while psychoanalysis involves digging into one's unconscious

Jasmin belongs to the chess club on her campus. She prefers to associate with other members of the chess club while avoiding people that do not belong to this group. Jasmin has a(n) ________ bias.

in-group

The concept conservation refers to ________.

knowing that even if you change the appearance of something, it is still equal in size as long as nothing has been removed or added

Janice is in the middle of a distinct period of an abnormally and persistently elevated mood. In the last week she has cleaned her house from top to bottom (breaking windows and dishes in the process), bought a new car that she can't afford, and dug up most of her yard in case she might want a garden next year. Janice is experiencing ________.

mania

The motor cortex in the frontal lobe is responsible for processing ______.

motor information to body areas, such as arms, legs, and face

Captain Action Potential is traveling down the Axon Road with his men in order to escape the Cell Body and to join his reinforcements at the Terminal Buttons. Captain Action Potential's journey would go much faster if he used the fatty layer known as the ______ to reach his destination.

myelin sheath

Patwardhan et al. report data from a study where they hired experimental confederates to attend speed dating events, posing as daters, and carefully take notes on the behaviors of the daters. What type of research design did they use?

naturalistic observation

_____ are the central building blocks of the nervous system

neurons

Psychotropic medications are drugs that treat psychiatric symptoms by restoring ____ balance.

neurotransmitter

Neurons are able to communicate when

neurotransmitters cross the synpase and bind with receptors on the postsynaptic dendrite

Madeline is seven months old. Her mother is eating a cookie and Madeline wants some. Her mother hides the cookie under a napkin, but Madeline is not fooled. She knows the cookie is still there. What does this exemplify?

object permanence

What is the Flynn effect?

observation that each generation has a significantly higher IQ than the previous generation

people with ____ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts

obsessive-compulsive

A negative correlation menas _____.

one variable decreases as the other increases

People who have their corpus callosum severed for medical reasons would be able to tell you about which images shown to ____.

only the right visual field

I provide Ralph with the positive reinforcement of a candy bar when he does something I like. I punish him by squirting him with a squirt gun when he does something I don't like. I am applying the principles of ________ in an attempt to modify Ralph's behavior.

operant conditioning

A/An _____ is a description of how the researchers will measure the variables of interest.

operational definition

The _____ nervous system is responsible for stimulating digestion and causing the bladder to contract.

parasympathetic- "rest and digest"

When you receive touch information it is processed in the somatosensory cortex of your brain, which is located in the ______ lobe.

parietal

For a scientific explanation to be testable, it must also be ____.

perceivable and measurable

Edmund wants to identify relatively consistent patterns of thought and behavior, measure these traits, and determine how these traits interact in a particular context to determine how a person will behave in any given situation. Edmund wants to conduct research in the area of ________.

personality

Behaviorists all focus on ________.

physiological responses that result in action

Harlow is eight years old. She sees Dr. Gardener every Friday at 11:00 a.m. Their sessions involve Dr. Gardener watching Harlow interact with stuffed animals and other toys. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?

play therapy

The purpose of glial cells is to:

provide scaffolding on which the nervous system is built; helps neurons line up closely with each other to allow neuronal communication; provide insulation to neurons, transport nutrients and waste products, and mediate immune responses

Ilayda assumes that her professors spend their free time reading books and engaging in intellectual conversation, because the idea of them spending their time playing volleyball or visiting an amusement park does not fit in with her stereotypes of professors. This exemplifies ________.

representative bias

Wesley is in a movie theater with no windows—the only light is low illumination from the emergency lights on the floor. Which photoreceptors will be most useful to Wesley as he attempts to leave the theater?

rods

which term refers to the process by which we derive meaning from morphemes and words

semantics

During Jean Piaget's ________ stage, the world is experienced through what we can take in through our perpetual systems and how we can move our bodies

sensorimotor

electroconvulsive therapy is effective in alleviating symptoms for people with ____.

severe depression who have not responded to traditional drug therapy

which of the following exemplifies olfaction?

smelling cookies in the oven

Susan wants to study prejudice, attraction, how we explain our own behavior versus how we explain the behavior of others, and how we resolve interpersonal conflicts. Susan should conduct research in the area of ________.

social psychology

Who was Stanley Milgram?

social psychology professor at Yale who wanted to test the defense of "I was just following orders" typically used by accused Nazis

What is the main point of the stanford prison experiment?

social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior

Which of the following is a criticism of structuralism?

the process was highly subjective

Janeka does poorly on her psychology final, so she picks on her mother's ability to cook. A frustration aggression theorist might explain this by focusing on ________.

the way Janeka's frustration with her exam led her to be aggressive toward her mother

what should be changed to make the following sentence true? "Fluid intelligence is characterized as acquired knowledge and the ability to retrieve it"

the word "fluid" should be changed to the word "crystallized"

what should be changed to make the following sentence true? The zygote is a structure connected to the uterus that provides nourishment and the oxygen from the mother to the developing embryo via the umbilical cord.

the word "zygote" should be changed to the word "placenta"

Magali and Jean-Gabriel have been asked to design a study investigating happiness across the lifespan. They decide their study will involve going to the mall and asking people of a variety of ages if they are happy or unhappy. What is the most serious flaw of this design?

they have not defined happiness or how it will be measured

what do structuralism, Gestalt psychology, and Sigmund Freud all have in common?

they were all concerned with describing and understanding the inner experience

Your ears receive sound waves and convert this energy into neural messages that travel to your brain and are processed as sounds. This is an example of ________.

transduction

In the nervous system, the job of the axons is to ______ electrical impulses within and to other neurons.

transmit action potentials of

Between birth and adulthood, infants are dependent on their caregivers; therefore, caregivers who are responsive and sensitive to their infant's needs help their baby to develop a sense of the world as a safe, predictable place. In Erikson's developmental theory, what is the primary developmental task of this stage?

trust v. mistrust

which of the following best exemplifies prosocial behavior?

tyler visits his aunt once a week to bring her groceries

Devine et al. are interested in assessing whether active versus passive play causes a preference for sweet or salty foods in toddlers. They assign groups of children to either an active play, passive play, or no play group and record their food choices when presented with a variety of sweet and salty foods. In this study, ________ is the independent variable and ________ is the control group.

type of play; no play

which of the following is NOT one of the reasons for the new lifespan development category called emerging adulthood?

younger average age for marriage