Psychology final review
The intensity at which a sound becomes audible for a given individual is known as the individual's
absolute threshold
In Ivan Pavlov's experiments in classical conditioning, the dog's salivation was
both an unconditioned and conditioned response
Chunking is the term for
combining information into elements that can be more easily remembered
According to most personality theorists, personality may be defined as the reasonably stable patterns of behavior that
distinguish people from one another
According to Albert Bandura, people who believe that their efforts will be successful and that they are in control of events have a high level of
self-efficacy
According to Moscovici's minority influence, when one or two individuals express controversial attitudes
According to Moscovici's minority influence, when one or two individuals express controversial attitudes
What is not one of the Big Five Personality Factors?
Adventurousness
Which of the following was true of Solomon Asch's experiments of conformity?
If confederates' judgments were not unanimous, the degree of conformity by subjects decreased
Which of the following studies has had the most profound impact on ethical issues in psychological research?
Milgram's study of obedience
The method of loci involves
associating related familiar images with images that you want to remember
Psychology is the scientific study of
behavior and mental processes
Conformity is best defined as
behavior in accordance with social norms
The intelligence quotient (IQ) has traditionally been based on the relationship between an individual's mental age and his or her
chronological age
Most psychologists agree that violence on television
contributes to aggression
The progression of a neural message is from the
dendrite to the soma to the axon
Social facilitation refers to
effects on performance that result from the presence of others
On a fishing trip, Ed realizes that he has mistakenly packed the sewing box instead of the tackle box. He want to fish but returns home because he does not have any line or hooks. Ed's failure to realize that sewing thread can be used as fishing line and that a bent needle can be used as a hook is an example of
functional fixedness
The school of psychology that emphasizes the uses or functions of the mind rather than the elements of experience is the school of
functionalism
A major basis for the fundamental attribution error is the tendency for people to
infer traits from behavior
Heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration are vital functions of the
medulla
According to Piaget, schemas are
people's conceptual framework for understanding their experiences
In his famous series of experiments conducted by Harry Harlow, infant monkeys were separated from their mothers at birth. The infants were then given two surrogate mothers, each of which alternately had a nursing bottle that provided food to the infants. The experimental results showed that in frightening situations the infant monkeys
preferred the terry-cloth mother, even when the wire mother had the nursing bottle
The confirmation bias refers to the tendency to
search for information consistent with our preconceptions
In one experiment, most of the participants who viewed a videotape of men playing basketball remained unaware of an umbrella-toting woman sauntering across the screen. this illustrated the impact of
selective attention
The rock musician was hit with a rotten egg while performing his latest hit song. The fact that you can recognize two different meanings for the work "hit" in the preceding sentence demonstrates the importance of
semantics
A person's usual route to work is blocked. She quickly chooses an alternate route. Her behavior suggests that
she has a cognitive map of the area
After living together for a year, Elaine and Trevor have decided to marry. Research on premarital cohabitation most strongly suggests
their marriage will have a higher-than-average probability of ending in divorce