Psychology final review

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The intensity at which a sound becomes audible for a given individual is known as the individual's

absolute threshold

In Ivan Pavlov's experiments in classical conditioning, the dog's salivation was

both an unconditioned and conditioned response

Chunking is the term for

combining information into elements that can be more easily remembered

According to most personality theorists, personality may be defined as the reasonably stable patterns of behavior that

distinguish people from one another

According to Albert Bandura, people who believe that their efforts will be successful and that they are in control of events have a high level of

self-efficacy

According to Moscovici's minority influence, when one or two individuals express controversial attitudes

According to Moscovici's minority influence, when one or two individuals express controversial attitudes

What is not one of the Big Five Personality Factors?

Adventurousness

Which of the following was true of Solomon Asch's experiments of conformity?

If confederates' judgments were not unanimous, the degree of conformity by subjects decreased

Which of the following studies has had the most profound impact on ethical issues in psychological research?

Milgram's study of obedience

The method of loci involves

associating related familiar images with images that you want to remember

Psychology is the scientific study of

behavior and mental processes

Conformity is best defined as

behavior in accordance with social norms

The intelligence quotient (IQ) has traditionally been based on the relationship between an individual's mental age and his or her

chronological age

Most psychologists agree that violence on television

contributes to aggression

The progression of a neural message is from the

dendrite to the soma to the axon

Social facilitation refers to

effects on performance that result from the presence of others

On a fishing trip, Ed realizes that he has mistakenly packed the sewing box instead of the tackle box. He want to fish but returns home because he does not have any line or hooks. Ed's failure to realize that sewing thread can be used as fishing line and that a bent needle can be used as a hook is an example of

functional fixedness

The school of psychology that emphasizes the uses or functions of the mind rather than the elements of experience is the school of

functionalism

A major basis for the fundamental attribution error is the tendency for people to

infer traits from behavior

Heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration are vital functions of the

medulla

According to Piaget, schemas are

people's conceptual framework for understanding their experiences

In his famous series of experiments conducted by Harry Harlow, infant monkeys were separated from their mothers at birth. The infants were then given two surrogate mothers, each of which alternately had a nursing bottle that provided food to the infants. The experimental results showed that in frightening situations the infant monkeys

preferred the terry-cloth mother, even when the wire mother had the nursing bottle

The confirmation bias refers to the tendency to

search for information consistent with our preconceptions

In one experiment, most of the participants who viewed a videotape of men playing basketball remained unaware of an umbrella-toting woman sauntering across the screen. this illustrated the impact of

selective attention

The rock musician was hit with a rotten egg while performing his latest hit song. The fact that you can recognize two different meanings for the work "hit" in the preceding sentence demonstrates the importance of

semantics

A person's usual route to work is blocked. She quickly chooses an alternate route. Her behavior suggests that

she has a cognitive map of the area

After living together for a year, Elaine and Trevor have decided to marry. Research on premarital cohabitation most strongly suggests

their marriage will have a higher-than-average probability of ending in divorce


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