Psychology Final Review

Which of the following was proposed by functionalists?

Adaptive behavior patterns are learned and maintained.

Which of the following statements is true about the different types of psychologists?

Clinical psychologists help clients resolve problems and change self-defeating behavior.

Ned is feeling stressed because of his workload in office. He is also experiencing insomnia with rapid weight loss. Ned's condition is an example of a__________correlation.

Negative

Which of the following statements is true of the experimental method of research?

The experimental method allows psychologists to control the experiences of participants and draw conclusions about cause and effect.

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of biologically oriented psychologists?

They study the role of heredity in behavior and mental processes such as psychological disorders, criminal behavior, and thinking.

As opposed to a dependent variable, an independent variable is manipulated by the experimenters so that its effects may be determined.

True

Case studies are subject to inaccuracies.

True

In contrast to structuralists, Gestalt psychologists claimed that one cannot explain human perceptions, emotions, or thought processes in terms of basic units.

True

In the 1940s and 1950s, psychodynamic theory dominated the practice of psychotherapy.

True

In the context of psychological researches, debriefing is the process of explaining the purposes and methods of a completed procedure to a participant.

True

Paulina is a kindergarten teacher. Every time one of her students answers correctly during her alphabet classes, she uses phrases like "Well done" and "Keep it up." Her behavior exemplifies reinforcement.

True

_____ was a founder of the school of functionalism.

William James

Brandon is a psychologist who is studying the relationship between heredity and mood disorders. He strongly believes that behavior and mental processes have a connection with the brain, hormones, heredity, and evolution. Brandon's beliefs are most consistent with the _____ perspective.

biological

A(n) _____ primarily focuses on the relationships between people and work.

industrial psychologist

Carl is conducting a study to determine the effects of the new technology-assisted learning methods among students. As part of this study, he has selected a group of university students, male and female, in the age group of 18 to 24 years. These students have been using the new methods of learning. In terms of research methodology, this group best describes a _____.

sample

_____ specialize in basic processes such as the nervous system, sensation and perception, learning and memory, thought, motivation, and emotion.

Experimental psychologists

According to structuralists, maladaptive behavior patterns tend to drop out, and only the fittest behavior patterns survive.

False

According to the ethical guidelines of the American Psychological Association, animals cannot be harmed under any circumstance while conducting research.

False

Erik Erikson focused more on unconscious processes and less on conscious choice and self-direction.

False

In a study conducted to test the effect of a medicine, one group of participants is given the medicine while another group is not. The latter would be considered an experimental group.

False

In an experiment, the presence of dependent variables does not depend on the independent variables.

False

Psychoanalysis is the name of the theory of personality developed by Sigmund Freud but not the method of psychotherapy he had developed.

False

Sociocultural psychologists study those things we refer to as the mind.

False

Structuralists tended to ask, "How do behavior and mental processes help people adapt to the requirements of their lives?"

False

Which of the following is true of Aristotle's contribution to psychology?

He argued that human behavior is subject to rules and laws.