Psychology Final

Greg is 5 feet three inches tall and weighs 260 pounds. His body mass index, or BMI, is 42.7. According to the standards set by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Greg is ________. -normal -obese -overweight -anorexic

obese

Edmund wants to identify relatively consistent patterns of thought and behavior, measure these traits, and determine how these traits interact in a particular context to determine how a person will behave in any given situation. Edmund wants to conduct research in the area of ________.

personality

What was the overall result of Lashley's research that sought out the engram of human memory? Answers: -He identified an engram in the frontal lobes of the cerebral cortex. -He observed that the engram exists in childhood but disappears when it is no longer needed. -He found no evidence that an engram actual exists. -He located the engram across the structures of the limbic system.

He found no evidence that an engram actual exists.

Which important legislation protected employees against discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin? -The Supreme Court Ruling in the case of Griggs v. Duke Power Company -The Equal Pay Act -The 1964 Civil Rights Act, Title VII -The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990

The 1964 Civil Rights Act, Title VII

What is the advantage of applying learning approaches to the study of personality? -They are feminist -They are multicultural -They can be scientifically tested -They use animal research

They can be scientifically tested

Marlena tells her therapist that she often feels helpless and unable to accomplish her goals. Her therapist responds by acknowledging her feelings, restating what she has told him, and clarifying the feelings behind what Marlena is expressing. What aspect of client-centered therapy is this? -active listening -indirect empathy -personal growth -unconditional positive regard

active listening

Stage 1 sleep is characterized by a predominance of ________ wave activity in the brain. -alpha -beta -delta -kappa

alpha

If I am looking at a snake and processing the fear caused by the snake, what part of my brain am I using? -amygdala -cerebellum -hippocampus -prefrontal cortex

amygdala

Lamont cares for his aging father, who suffers from dementia. This is an example of a(n) ________ stressor. -acute -chronic -non-threatening -threatening

chronic

Most people are awake during the day and asleep at night because their ________ cycles are aligned with the outside world. -circadian -external -melatonin -diurnal

circadian

The scientific process is ________, involving both inductive and deductive reasoning. -circular -iterative -iatrogenic -correlational

circular

Ashya wants to focus on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior. What area of psychology should she work in?

clinical psychology

I am trying to learn the names of all 50 states. Because I am actively and consciously remembering and recalling this information, it is considered ________ memory. -explicit -implicit -procedural -episodic

explicit

Molly attempts to condition her puppy to greet her when she enters the house. She repeatedly pairs her entry to the house with a treat for the puppy. The puppy eventually acquires this ability, and Molly realizes how irritating it is for the puppy to run up to her every time she enters the house. She attempts to make the puppy stop, and eventually the puppy no longer feels motivated to greet her when she enters the house. The puppy no longer greeting her when she enters the house is an example of ________. -acquisition -extinction -learning -conditioning

extinction

In the HEXACO model of personality traits, to what does the "X" refer? -Honesty-Humility -Emotionality -Extraversion -Agreeableness -Conscientiousness -Openness to Experience

extraversion

What did John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner demonstrate with their studies of Little Albert? -boys display more fear than girls -fear cannot be a conditioned response -fear can be a conditioned response -boys display fear differently from girls

fear can be a conditioned response

Grasping a toy, writing with a pencil, and using a spoon are all examples of ________ motor skills. -fine -specific -advanced -grown

fine

Which type of persuasion approach involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item? -door-in-the-face strategy -foot-in-the-door technique -lowball technique -effort justification strategy

foot-in-the-door technique

________ is the strengthening of an original group attitude after the discussion of views within a group. -Cognitive dissonance -Group polarization -Social loafing -Social facilitation

group polarization

Dr. Smyth conducts research that examines how stress, disease, and disorders can impact individuals in the workplace. She is working in the area of ________ psychology. -human wellness factors -biopsychosocial -occupational health -industrial

human wellness factors

Which perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans. -behaviorism -gestalt -humanism -structuralism

humanism

Adolescents (ages 12-18) experiment with and develop a sense of who they are and what roles they want to play. Erik Erikson would argue that during this period adolescents face the________ task of development. -generativity vs. stagnation -identity vs. confusion -initiative vs. guilt -integrity vs. despair

identity vs confusion

Which concept describes traits that are fundamental to one's personal identity (e.g., skin color and hair texture) that an employer cannot use to discriminate in hiring job applicants? -KSAs -adaptive traits -immutable characteristic -genotypical traits

immutable characteristic

Your memory of how to ride a bicycle is probably something that you don't actively think about while you're riding. You just sort of "do it" without thinking of how you do it. This is an example of a(n) ________ memory. -explicit -implicit -semantic -sensory

implicit

Participants were instructed to focus on either white or black objects, disregarding the other color. When a red cross passed across the screen, about one third of the subjects did not notice it. This research protocol demonstrates which concept? -bottom-up processing -inattentional blindness -sensory adaptation -top-down processing

inattentional blindness

According to research, what kind of job interview is most successful at predicting a candidate's later successful job performance? -interviews that involved performance tests -structured interviews -360-degree interviews -unstructured interviews

interviews that involved performance tests

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average American work spends approximately ________ hours working each week. -20 to 24 -28 to 35 -42 to 54 -55 to 62

42 to 54

Henry is juror number four in a murder trial. He believes the accused is guilty, but when the jurors vote it becomes clear he is the only one that thinks this way. Henry votes not guilty along with the other jurors despite what he sees as evidence clearly indicating guilt. This is an example of the ________ effect. -Asch -Cacioppo -Milgram -Zimbardo

Asch

What occurs during stage 1 sleep? -Both our respiration and heartbeat quicken. -Both our respiration and heartbeat slow down. -Our respiration quickens while our heartbeat slows down. -Our respiration slows down while our heartbeat quickens.

Both our respiration and heartbeat slow down.

Which psychodynamic theorist proposed the idea of a collective unconscious that is shared by all members of the human species? -Carl Jung -John Hobson -Rosalind Cartwright -Sigmund Freud

Carl Jung

________ is/are the kind of stress associated with positive feelings, as well as optimal health and performance. -Peak experiences -Distress -Eustress -Anastress

Eustress

Who was the first African American to receive a PhD in psychology in the United States? -Francis Cecil Sumner -Carl Rogers -Noam Chomsky -Naomi Weisstein

Francis Cecil Sumner

A ________ is the smallest unit of language that conveys some type of meaning. -letter -morpheme -phoneme -phonic

morpheme

In classical conditioning, the association that is learned is between a ________. -neutral stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus -conditioned stimulus and the neutral stimulus -​unconditioned stimulus and the unconditioned response -conditioned stimulus and the conditioned response

neutral stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus

Tyrahn's rods do not transform light into nerve impulses as easily and efficiently as they should, so he has trouble seeing in dim light. This is called ________ blindness. -legal blindness -night blindness -night impairment -night vision

night blindness

After Omar falls asleep he feels a sense of panic, screams, and attempts to escape from his room. Which parasomnia does Omar have? -night terrors -narcolepsy -restless leg syndrome -sleep apnea

night terrors

Tariq depends on cigarettes to relieve his stress, though he smokes so frequently that he experiences no significant, noticeable physical symptoms when he is not smoking. What does this exemplify? -physical dependence -psychological dependence -synergistic effects -polysubstance abuse disorder

psychological dependence

According to Edwin Locke, job ________ is the state of feeling resulting from appraising one's job experiences, and a more modern definition includes the extent to which a person enjoys their job. -fulfillment -gratification -happiness -satisfaction

satisfaction

You begin to salivate when you smell your favorite cake in the oven, but not when you smell the gross scent of a dirty diaper. This is an example of ________. -stimulus discrimination -stimulus generalization -operant conditioning -higher-order conditioning

stimulus discrimination

Psychological knowledge is advanced through a process known as ________, which involves a prescribed series of steps designed to achieve the desired knowledge. -deductive reasoning -inductive reasoning -the experiment -the scientific method

the scientific method

Introspection refers to a process by which someone examines ________ as objectively as possible.

their own conscious experience

A(n) ________ is a well-developed set of ideas that proposes an explanation for observed phenomena. -conclusion -hypothesis -operational definition -theory

theory

Cognitive psychology focuses on studying ________.

thoughts and their relationship to our experiences and our actions

Tayla smokes marijuana. At first, just a few inhalations were enough to cloud her mind. Over time, she needs to smoke more and more to achieve the same effect. This is an example of ________. -physical dependence -psychological dependence -tolerance -withdrawal

tolerance

Which type of processing involves the interpretation of sensations and is influenced by available knowledge and expectancies? -absolute threshold -signal detection -subliminal -top-down

top-down

________ theorists attempt to explain our personality by identifying our stable characteristics and ways of behaving. -Character -Jungian -Rorschach -Trait

trait

Which of the following is an example of instinct? -baby seeking food by rooting and suckling -believing that nudity is wrong -teacher demonstrating algebra to students -toddler who is toilet training

A baby seeking food by rooting and Suckling

Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America? -International Classification of Diseases -Determinants of Social Mental Disorders -Determining Statistical Manifestation of Disorders -Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

________ holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors, such as individual traits or temperaments. -Collectivism -Dispositionism -Moralism -Situationism

Dispositionism

According to ________, lifespan development encompasses eight stages and at each stage we encounter a psychosocial crisis that must be resolved. -Abraham Maslow -Erik Erikson -Lawrence Kohlberg -Jean Piaget

Erik Erikson

What is the confirmation bias?

The tendency to look for supportive evidence rather than actively seeking out contradictory evidence

The notion that workers tend to show an increase in performance when they know that they are being observed is called the ________ effect. -Flynn -Hawthorne -Taylor -Munsterberg

Hawthorne

For which concept is Abraham Maslow best known?

Hierarchy of Needs

Which principle underlies cognitive therapy? -Behavior can be conditioned. -How you think determines how you feel. -Thoughts cannot be changed. -Unconscious thoughts influence behavior.

How you think determines how you feel.

Industrial-organizational psychology is a branch of psychology that studies ________. -how human behavior and psychology affect work and how they are affected by work -how jobs typically performed by women are underpaid compared to jobs typically performed by men -how the unemployed are fundamentally different from the employed -why American workers tend to be more individualistic than collectivistic in their occupational orientations

how human behavior and psychology affect work and how they are affected by work

Empty stomachs contract, causing both hunger pangs and the secretion of chemical messages that travel to the brain to serve as a signal to initiate feeding behavior. This is an example of ________. -a genetic disorder that results in persistent feelings of intense hunger and reduced rates of metabolism -binge eating behavior that is followed by an attempt to compensate for the large amount of food consumed -how physiological mechanisms serve as the basis for hunger -the amount of energy that is expended in a given period of time

how physiological mechanisms serve as the basis for hunger

Sigmund Freud suggested that people who are dominated by their ________ might be narcissistic and impulsive. -archetype -id -persona -unconscious anxiety

id

Which theorist promoted the idea that development is fundamentally affected by one's culture as well as their interactions with their own environment?

Vygotsky

After age 65, most people are attempting to assess their lives and make sense of life and the meaning of their contributions. Within the psychosocial model of development, what is the primary developmental task of this stage? -generativity vs. stagnation -identity vs. confusion -initiative vs. guilt -integrity vs. despair

integrity vs. despair

What is an engram? -emotional focus of a memory from a particularly meaningful event -mental trauma that creates a distorted memory that is full of errors -a group of neurons that serves as physical representation of a memory -sensory component of a memory that can be retained for several moments

a group of neurons that serves as physical representation of a memory

Which of the following is not a risk factor for SIDS? -above average birth weight -hyperthermia -premature birth -smoking in the home

above average birth weight

18-month-old Gordon learned the schema for apples. When Gordon sees tomatoes at the grocery store, he says, "Look mommy, apples!" His mother tells him that the food he sees at the store is a tomato, not an apple. He now has separate schemata for tomatoes and apples. This exemplifies ________. -seriation -assimilation -accommodation -reversibility

accommodation

According to research, the need for ________ encourages Mr. Blutarski to complete a second PhD., so he can add another accomplishment to his already long list of accolades. -achievement -affiliation -intimacy -power

achievement

The need for ________ might explain why we "friend" people on social media websites, join clubs or hobby groups, and spend time with others when we might otherwise feel like being by ourselves. -achievement -affiliation -esteem -power

affiliation

Jessica believes that she succeeds in high school because she works hard, earned a place on the basketball team because she practices constantly, and cooks well because she takes cooking classes. Julian Rotter would say that Jessica has ________. -an external locus on control -an internal locus of control -good self-regulation -poor self-regulation

an internal locus of control

Cici firmly believes that every child deserves a loving parent. She becomes a foster parent because she knows that it is the right thing to do, even though she receives no material rewards for doing so. Cici becomes a foster parent because of ________ motivation. -biological -extrinsic -instinct -intrinsic

intrinsic

Isolation, a lack of job security, work overload, harassment, and bullying are all examples of factors that can lead to ________. -age discrimination -the Hawthorne effect -job satisfaction -job stress

job stress

The ________ hypothesis is the ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve. -equal status -come-uppance -just-world -equipoentiality

just-world

Which of the following is a symptom of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)? -crying while asleep -kicking and punching while asleep -snoring while asleep -talking while asleep

kicking and punching while asleep

The two major divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________. -autonomic; somatic nervous systems -autonomic; sympathetic nervous systems -central; peripheral nervous systems -parasympathetic; sympathetic nervous systems

central; peripheral nervous systems

Which part of the brain is most involved in creating implicit memories? -amygdala -cerebellum -hippocampus -primary cortex

cerebellum

Noticing that you have difficulty concentrating during and after periods of prolonged stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact. -cognitive -emotional -physical -social

cognitive

________ development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity. -artistic -psychosocial -emotional -cognitive

cognitive

In order to overcome an eating disorder, Sevilla's therapist works to change her distorted ways of thinking and self-defeating actions by helping her learn to identify such behaviors. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify? -systematic desensitization -classical conditioning counseling -cognitive-behavioral therapy -client-centered therapy

cognitive-behavioral therapy

During Piaget's proposed ________ stage of development, children understand events and analogies logically, and they can perform simple mathematical operations. At the same time they lack the ability to think abstractly. -Sensorimotor -Preoperational -Concrete operational -Formal operational

concrete operational

Petra walks into a brightly lit Psychology lab to participate in an experiment involving the ability to perceive the colors of the rainbow. Which photoreceptors will be most useful during this experiment? -cones -fovea -lens -rods

cones

Alcohol is considered a ________ because it tends to suppress central nervous system activity. -antipsychotic -depressant -hallucinogen -stimulant

depressant

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs commonly prescribed for ________. -depression -obsessive-compulsive disorder -Parkinson's disease -schizophrenia

depression

Lucy wants to study changes in physical attributes, cognitive skills, moral reasoning, and social behavior across the lifespan. Lucy should specialize in ________ psychology.

developmental

Self-worth, accomplishment, and confidence represent the ________ level of needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs. -esteem -physiological -security -self-actualization

esteem

Which choice is the best definition of a performance appraisal? -evaluating an employee's success at carrying out the duties of their job -determining and listing tasks associated with a particular job -determining and listing worker traits associated with a particular job -requiring routine minimum standards for certain occupations

evaluating an employee's success at carrying out the duties of their job

The theory of ________ states that organisms that are better suited for their environment will survive and reproduce, while those that are poorly suited for their environment will die off. -behavioral genetics -evolution by natural selection -genetic mutation -survivalism

evolution by natural selection

Changes in behavior and cognitive processes over time are studied by ________. -behavioral geneticists -behavioral psychologists -evolutionary psychologists -historical psychologists

evolutionary psychologists

Jade hears a rattle. When she turns around she sees a rattlesnake inches from her leg. Her pupils dilate, her heart pounds, and she begins to sweat. This response is called the ________ response. -emotion-threat -eustress-distress -fight-or-flight -social supportive

fight-or-flight

Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease because it ________. -forces the heart to pump harder, which puts more physical strain on the heart -places stress on the thyroid system, which inflames the arteries -restricts a person's salt intake, which suppresses the immune system -slows the heart rate, which leads to less efficient distribution of oxygen through the body

forces the heart to pump harder, which puts more physical strain on the heart

According to Jean Piaget, in what stage do children begin to use abstract thinking processes? -concrete operational -sensorimotor -formal operational -preoperational

formal operational

What does nature refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate? -cognitive capacity -environment and culture -genes and biology -language acquisition

genes and biology

Within the visible spectrum, our experience of red is associated with ________ waves of light. -intermediate wavelengths -longer wavelengths -shorter wavelengths -wavelengths of indeterminate length

longer wavelengths

Which term describes a form of informal training in which an experienced employee guides the work of a new employee? -interning -interviewing -managing -mentoring

mentoring

Age-specific approximations of when a certain skill or ability should first occur in normal development are called developmental ________. -goals -steps -milestones -rules

milestones

Otto is so driven to become a school psychologist that he spends every night studying. This sentence describes the wants or needs that direct behavior toward a goal, also called ________. -emotion -habit -drive -motivation

motivation

Samek was driving to work when he suddenly felt paralyzed and couldn't resist falling asleep. Samek may have ________. -somnambulism -damage to his K-complex -narcolepsy -REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)

narcolepsy

Mohammed is sleeping. His eyelids are quivering because his eyes are darting around. Mohammed is probably experiencing ________ sleep. -night terrors -non-REM -NREM -REM

non-REM

Suppose you hate reality shows, but you pretend to like them in order to fit in, feel good, and be accepted by your friends, who all love reality television. This is an example of ________ social influence. -groupthink -informational -confirmatory -normative

normative

________ asserts that our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and our environment interacts with our genes to determine where within those boundaries we will fall. -behavioral genetics -environmental psychology -evolutionary psychology -range of reaction

range of reaction

When you take a multiple-choice test, you are relying on ________, because you are comparing the information in front of you to that which is already stored in your long-term memory. -transience -recognition -recall -the Stroop effect

recall

You see a television commercial for a product you may want to buy, and there is a telephone number you must call to place an order. Because you don't have anything with which to write down the number, you repeat it to yourself over and over again until you feel like you won't forget it. This process is called ________. -distributed practice -the method of loci -rehearsal -chunking

rehearsal

Kenethia enjoys knitting. When she begins college, she has less time for knitting and finally stops altogether. After graduation, she wants to knit again, so she practices with her needles until she is good at it again. This is an example of ________, a means of retrieving information out of your long-term memory storage system. -recognition -recall -an engram -relearning

relearning

Classical and operant conditioning are forms of ________ learning.

respondent

The act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness is known as ________. -encoding -hyperthymesia -retrieval -storage

retrieval

Wesley is in a movie theater with no windows—the only light is low illumination from the emergency lights on the floor. Which photoreceptors will be most useful to Wesley as he attempts to leave the theater? -cones -fovea -iris -rods

rods

Which of the following choices refers to a broad explanation or group of explanations for some aspect of the natural world that is consistently supported by evidence over time?

scientific theory

According to Abraham Maslow, the highest need is ________. -good parenting. -love. -self-actualization. -self-efficacy

self-actualization

Ben is asked to memorize the words canine, feline, and avian. He remembers the words by associating them with their synonyms: dog, cat, and bird. This is an example of ________ encoding. -acoustic -semantic -sensory -visual

sematic

Susan wants to study prejudice, attraction, how we explain our own behavior versus how we explain the behavior of others, and how we resolve interpersonal conflicts. Susan should conduct research in the area of ________. -social psychology -psychoanalysis -personality -Gestalt psychology

social psychology

A(an) ________ is a basic sound unit of a given language. -audio -morpheme -phoneme -syntax

phoneme

________ development involves growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness. -physical -psychosocial -emotional -cognitive

physical

Developing stomach ulcers during a prolonged period of stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact. -cognitive -mental -morbid -physiological

physiological

Food, water, shelter, and warmth represent ________ needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs. -acceptance -esteem -physiological -security

physiological

What was the third personality dimension eventually proposed by Hans and Sybil Eysenck?

psychoticism versus superego control

The relaxation response technique is a stress reduction technique that combines elements of relaxation and ________. -chi focusing -biofeedback -transcendental meditation -the practice of tai chi

transcendental meditation

Dr. Duncan is a therapist who works with men accused of domestic violence. Although it is difficult, she does her best to be non-judgmental during therapy sessions. Which aspect of client-centered therapy is this? -active listening -free association -transference -unconditional positive regard

unconditional positive regard

During which kind of situation might a person be most likely to yield to the effects of informational social influence? -when they feel sure of their own decisions -when the correct choice is unclear -when they really want to be liked by a group of peers -when they have no personal investment in the outcome of their actions

when the correct choice is unclear

Which of the following is an example of research someone might conduct in the area of health psychology? -how the age of a leader affects the productivity of the group -what personality traits are present more often in men compared to women -whether culture influences perception -whether people working at a desk are more likely to be obese

whether people working at a desk are more likely to be obese

Carlos is a small business owner. Recently, he became the primary caretaker for his aging mother. He works long hours at his business while also making sure that his mother can keep her medical appointments and has company in the evening. This exemplifies ________. -theory y management -occupational burnout -theory x management -work-family balance

work-family balance

An organizational psychologist studies such topics as ________. -an applicant's qualifications for a job -the kind of mentality required to perform a job -whether cubicles or an open floor plan are more conducive to productivity -worker satisfaction, motivation, and commitment

worker satisfaction, motivation, and commitment

Which of the following exemplifies a worker-oriented approach to job analysis? -operates lottery machine, handles cash transactions, works with the public -publishes one research article and complete at least one research grant a year -works well under pressure and in group situations -works with large exotic animals

works well under pressure and in group situations

When a person is making a persuasive argument that utilizes the ________ route, they rely on factors unrelated to their actual message to persuade their listener. The hope is that these factors will encourage positivity with the message itself. -central -haloed -compliance -peripheral

peripheral

Harlow is eight years old. She sees Dr. Gardener every Friday at 11:00 a.m. Their sessions involve Dr. Gardener watching Harlow interact with stuffed animals and other toys. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify? -cognitive-behavioral therapy -ECT -play therapy -RET

play therapy

Tammy has a positive view of challenges: She views them as tasks to be mastered. She develops a deep interest in and a strong commitment to becoming a good teacher. When she doesn't pass her first teaching praxis, she quickly recovers and works to overcome the setback. Albert Bandura would say Tammy has ________. -healthy cognitive processes. -high self-efficacy -low self-efficacy -moderate reciprocal determinism

high self-efficacy

Which term describes the tendency to maintain a balance, or optimal level, within a biological system? -homeostasis -insomnia -melatonin -rhythm

homeostasis

What do studies show about the relationship between stress and memory? -Intense stress can enhance both immediate and delayed recall of educational material. -Moderate stress can enhance both immediate and delayed recall of educational material. -Recall of educational material is best under stress-free conditions. -Stress has no effect on remembering educational material.

Moderate stress can enhance both immediate and delayed recall of educational material.

Janice is in the middle of a distinct period of an abnormally and persistently elevated mood. In the last week she has cleaned her house from top to bottom (breaking windows and dishes in the process), bought a new car that she can't afford, and dug up most of her yard in case she might want a garden next year. Janice is experiencing a(n) ________ episode. -body dysmorphic -psychotic -manic -dissociative

manic

Cocaine is considered a ________ drug because it tends to increase overall levels of neural activity. -antipsychotic -depressant -hallucinogen -stimulant

stimulant

How many different scales are used to compile a profile from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)? -25 -15 -10 -7

10

What stage of sleep are you most likely experiencing if an EEG of your brain activity showed sleep spindles and K-complexes? -1 -2 -3 -REM

2

Ronaldo was born without the ability to experience pain, though he can perceive temperature differences and changes in pressure. What is his condition called? -congenital analgesia -inherited numbness -Korsakoff's disease -Pacinian syndrome

congenital analgesia

Which term refers to mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress, including the cause and the unpleasant feelings and emotions it produces? -autopilot -biofeedback -coping -distress

coping

What is the main idea of drive theory? -achieving homeostasis requires increasing the metabolic rate -deviations from commonly accepted drives result in an inability to satisfy physiological needs -deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs that then push us to behave -failure to achieve homeostasis results in poor cognition and deficits in memory and learning

deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs that then push us to behave

Which two neurotransmitters have roles in appetite suppression? -dopamine; acetylcholine -dopamine; norepinephrine -serotonin; GABA -serotonin; glutamate

dopamine; norepinephrine

What type of memories do we consciously try to remember, recall, and report? -explicit memories -implicit memories -sensory memories -short-term memories

explicit memories

How does a cochlear implant enable the deaf to hear?

It receives incoming sound information and directly stimulates the auditory nerve to transmit information to the brain.

Which experiment involves the use of classical conditioning? -Blindfolding someone and timing him to see how long he takes to find a button hidden in a room -Knowing that a student fears exams, the instructor wears a bright red shirt only on exam day, every exam day, to see how long it is before the red shirt becomes an object of fear to the student -Rewarding a boy for finishing his vegetables with ice cream and counting how many nights of reinforcement are required before he voluntarily eats his vegetables -Determining how long it takes a person to learn how to knit if he is only allowed to watch YouTube videos of people knitting

Knowing that a student fears exams, the instructor wears a bright red shirt only on exam day, every exam day, to see how long it is before the red shirt becomes an object of fear to the student

Which of the following is an example of a self-serving bias? Answers: -Leonard attributes earning a good grade in his psychology class to the fact that he is an exceptionally hard working student who is also incredibly smart. He blames the poor grade he received in his sociology class on having a bad teacher who gave hard exams. -Leonard gets a bad grade in his psychology class and a good grade in his sociology class, so he believes he should study harder to prepare for his next psychology exam. -Leonard gets bad grades in sociology and psychology, so he switches his major to biology because he will like it more. -Leonard gets good grades in sociology and psychology, so he sends his professors a card thanking them for what good professors they are.

Leonard attributes earning a good grade in his psychology class to the fact that he is an exceptionally hard working student who is also incredibly smart. He blames the poor grade he received in his sociology class on having a bad teacher who gave hard exams.

The first woman to earn the PhD degree in psychology was ________. -Margaret Floy Washburn -Inez Prosser -Mary Whiton Calkins -Mamie Clark

Margaret Floy Washburn

The behavior of soldiers who abused prisoners at the Abu Ghraib facility during the Iraq war was predicted by the Stanford Prison Experiment that was overseen by social psychologist ________. -John Cacioppo -Solomon Asch -Stanley Milgram -Philip Zimbardo

Philip Zimbardo

Which child is most likely to receive treatment for her or his psychological challenge? -Stavros, who suffers from ADHD -Anna, who has a mild case of dyslexia -Diana, who has bipolar disorder symptoms -William, who suffers from binge eating disorder

Stavros, who suffers from ADHD

Which of the following was one of Alfred Adler's main contributions to personality theory? -Advocation for analytical psychology -Suggesting that our birth order shapes our personality -The idea that men have womb envy -The theory that our personality develops in psychosocial stages

Suggesting that our birth order shapes our personality

The ________ uses images and storytelling that relate to minority cultures.

TEMAS Multicultural Thematic Apperception Test

Why are olfaction and gustation called chemical senses? -Neither one has sensory receptors that respond to molecules in the food we eat or in the air we Breathe. -They are unrelated to biological senses. -They have sensory receptors that respond to molecules in the food we eat or in the air we breathe. -We cannot use these senses without the presence of specific chemicals in the body

They have sensory receptors that respond to molecules in the food we eat or in the air we breathe

Within the semantic network model of memory, what would happen to concepts that are related to (or attached) to one that is currently being activated by thinking about it? -They'd be activated more strongly than the concept first activated. -They would undergo a structural change. -They would also be activated, though at a lower level. -They would be inhibited from being activation.

They would also be activated, though at a lower level.

Between birth and one year, infants are dependent on their caregivers; therefore, caregivers who are responsive and sensitive to their infant's needs help their baby to develop a sense of the world as a safe, predictable place. In Erikson's developmental theory, what is the primary developmental task of this stage? -Intiative vs. Guilt -Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt -Trust vs. Mistrust -Identity vs. Identity Role Confusion

Trust vs. Mistrust

Which aspect of the definition of happiness gives the impression that it is a long-term state rather than a brief mood that we experience from time to time? -feelings of joy -a state of contentment -a sense of wonder -a feeling that ones' life has meaning and value

a feeling that ones' life has meaning and value

Amir bites his fingernails when he is nervous or anxious, and he does so without any intention or even recognition that he is doing so. This is an example of ________, a pattern of behavior in which we regularly engage. -a habit -a motivation -an instinct -homeostasis

a habit

What is a social role? -group's expectations regarding what is appropriate and acceptable for the thoughts and behavior of its members -group's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting -person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting -a pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group

a pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group

Terrance finds it difficult to learn the alphabet, until he hears the alphabet song. Then he can easily remember it. This is an example of ________ encoding. -acoustic -semantic -sensory -visual

acoustic

A(n) ________ is the electrical signal that typically moves from the neuron's cell body down the axon to the axon terminals. -action potential -depolarization -hyperpolarization -threshold of excitation

action potential

What term describes the continuation of a visual sensation after removal of the stimulus? -afterimage -preimage -fovea -monocular

afterimage

Mercy has maintained her body weight far below what is healthy through starvation and constant exercise. Despite her drastically thin appearance, Mercy genuinely believes that she is overweight, often referring to herself as "fat." Mercy probably suffers from ________. -anorexia nervosa -bulimia nervosa -binge eating disorder -Prader-Willi syndrome

anorexia nervosa

One-year-old Ainsley learned the schema for trucks because his family has a truck. When Ainsley sees cars driving on television, she says, "Look mommy, truck!" This exemplifies __________. -egocentrism -assimilation -accommodation -centration

assimilation

Sarit is at a bar full of music, chatter, and laughter. He gets involved in an interesting conversation with a woman named Mona, and he tunes out all the background noise. Sarit's friend, Karen, taps him on the shoulder and asks what song just played on the jukebox. Sarit says he doesn't know, even though he is sitting right next to the jukebox and is familiar with popular music. This illustrates the role that ________ plays in what is sensed versus what is perceived. -attention -friendship -habit -mood

attention

Which of the following is not a risk factor for suicide? -alcohol dependence -history of previous suicide attempts -being a fan of violent media (music, television shows, movies, etc.) -have access to lethal weapons, such as firearms

being a fan of violent media (music, television shows, movies, etc.)

________ disparity refers to the slightly different view of the world that each eye receives, and is a distance cue that allows us to perceive the depth of a given visual stimulus. -binocular -cyclopean -monocular -trichromatic

binocular

Regular feelings of hunger are an example of a(n) ________ rhythm. -lucid -biological -heterostatic -suprachiasmatic

biological

Anasophia binges on chocolates, then makes herself vomit so that she won't retain any of the calories she just ingested. When she is not doing this she regular abuses laxatives in the hope that she will not absorb calories and gain weight. Anasophia has a normal body size, but has a great fear of gaining weight. It would be a good idea for Anasophia to be evaluated to see if she is suffering from ________. -anorexia nervosa -bulimia nervosa -binge eating disorder -Prader-Willi syndrome

bulimia nervosa

Which of the following is an example of eustress? -getting a divorce -losing a job -recovering from a car accident -buying a new home

buying a new home

Heather considers taking a new job. She focuses on the increased opportunities for promotion and the higher salary rather than her increased responsibilities; therefore, she views the new position as a ________ rather than a ________. -hassle; major life event -challenge; threat -distress; eustress -Type A stressor; Type B stressor

challenge; threat

A psychological disorder is a ________. -condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors -condition characterized by normal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors -medical condition that has identifiable neurological causes -set of situational, idiosyncratic, or unconventional inner feelings

condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Carmela believes her assistant, Lian, is incompetent. She notices only what Lian does wrong while ignoring the above average quality of most of her work. This exemplifies ________ bias. -anchoring -confirmation -hindsight -representational

confirmation

Dr. Xavier encourages his client to relax and say whatever comes to mind at the moment. Dr. Xavier is using ________ to treat his client. -cognitive therapy -free association -rational emotive therapy -transference

free association

Sweating and shivering are responses created due to internal temperature fluctuations, and they are designed to bring the body back into ________. -alignment -homeostasis -locus -neutral

homeostasis

As you are talking to a friend on your cell phone, you might find that you can't hear them because they are speaking very softly. If you ask them to "speak up," from a physical perspective you are asking them to ________ of the sound waves they are producing.

increase the amplitude

Diana is assessing applicants for a pilot job at a regional airfield. She wrote the description of the ideal candidate, and now she is reviewing the personality profiles of the applicants to screen those who do not fit the profile. Diana is working in the specialty area of industrial-organizational psychology called ________ psychology. -industrial -organizational -personality -worker

industrial

Oona wants to conduct research on personnel management, workplace environment, and what type of environment results in high levels of employee productivity and efficiency. Oona should conduct research in the area of ________ psychology. -social -industrial-organizational -Gestalt -biological

industrial-organizational

Which of the following is an example of an instinctive behavior? -dressing baby girls in the color pink -pulling on one's earlobe in response to stress or anxiety -infant rooting for a nipple -a smoker's love of nicotine

infant rooting for a nipple

A(n) ________ complex refers to the feeling that one lacks worth and doesn't measure up to the standards of others or of society.

inferiority

What is episodic memory? -information about events we have personally experienced -knowledge about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts -storage of facts and events we have personally experienced -type of implicit memory that stores information about how to do things

information about events we have personally experienced

Mona lives on the east coast of the USA. She takes an overnight flight to the west coast to visit with family for a month; when she arrives she is fatigued, sluggish, and irritable. For the next week or so she has trouble sleeping. Mona is probably suffering from ________. -homeostasis -jet lag -night terrors -parasomnia

jet lag

In job specification, what does the acronym KSA stand for? -knacks, services, aptitudes -know, study, apply -knowing, sensing, adapting -knowledge, skills, abilities

knowledge, skills, abilities

A group of preschool-age children are enrolled in a study that plans to follow them over time in order to assess behaviors and other characteristics that may predict later development of schizophrenia. This is an example of a(n) ________ design. -cross sectional -experimental -longitudinal -survey

longitudinal

Antipsychotic drugs, such as Haldol, are used to treat all of the following except ________. -auditory hallucinations -manic episodes -paranoia -visual hallucinations

manic episodes

The ________ is the difference in charge between the intracellular and extracellular space of a neuron. -extracellular fluid -intracellular fluid -membrane potential -resting potential

membrane potential

What is the set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over different periods of time? -automatic processing -effortful processing -memory -sensory encoding

memory

Sally really loves being outdoors. She likes to hike, do yoga in the warm sun, and go for long camping trips. She and her wife move to Arizona from New York so that they can enjoy these activities in warmer weather for most of the year. This process of moving to an area that is most suited for one's personality tendencies is called selective ________. -immigration -migration -moving -travel

migration

Madeline is seven months old. Her mother is eating a cookie and Madeline wants some. Her mother hides the cookie under a napkin, but Madeline is not fooled. She knows the cookie is still there. What does this exemplify? -egocentrism -reversibility -object permanence -stranger anxiety

object permanence

People with ________ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts. -stress-related -obsessive-compulsive -personality -Phobic

obsessive-compulsive

Within the field of social psychology, a script is defined as a ________. -person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting -prescription for psychotropic medicine -set of instructions to be carried out without deviation -written record of a person's history, including their actions and qualities

person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting

Which kind of psychology seeks to identify and promote those qualities that lead to happy, fulfilled, and contented lives rather than focusing on pathology, faults and problems? -eustress psychology -positive psychology -gestalt psychology -humanistic psychology

positive psychology

During Jean Piaget's ________ stage, the world is experienced through what we can take in through our perceptual systems and how we can move our bodies. -Sensorimotor -Preoperational -Concrete operational -Formal operational

sensorimotor

What kind of memory involves storage of brief events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes? -effortful -procedural -recall -sensory

sensory

The ________ theory asserts that each individual has an ideal body weight that is resistant to change. -evolutionary -limited resources -set point -Yerkes-Dodson

set point

Catherine is at a crowded baseball game when she loses track of her son, Nick. Despite the loud cheering and noise of the crowd, she can pinpoint his location when he calls for her because she can distinguish the sound of his voice from the all the other voices. This illustrates ________ theory. -absolute threshold -just noticeable difference -sensory adaptation -signal detection

signal detection

Erikah has just arrived at the funeral of her friend's father. Even though Erikah is usually very outspoken and jovial, she keeps her voice down, expresses her sympathy to the family members, and sits quietly and respectfully during the religious service. Erikah is following the ________ of how to behave in this particular situation. -social role -social norm -script -heuristic

social norm

What was the main conclusion drawn from the Stanford prison experiment? -social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior -students cannot be relied upon to act appropriately -students cannot be trusted in roles of authority -when operating in a group, some people will put forth less effort than if they were operating alone

social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior

Advice, guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and tangible assistance are all different forms of ________. -the relaxation response technique -achieving flow -health maintenance -social support

social support

According to William James, what was the true purpose of psychology? -interpret dreams -manipulate human behavior -study the function of behavior -study the structure and characteristics of the mind

study the function of behavior

Melora has a sick child at home. Her employer allows her to ________ for a week, so she can work from home, set her own hours, and complete most of her work while caring for her child. -flexwork -telecommute -teleconference -work-share

telecommute

Some neurons can only generate action potentials up to a certain speed, and no faster. This fact is a limitation of the ________ theory of pitch perception. -opponent-process -place -temporal -volley

temporal

The auditory cortex, in which sound stimuli are processed for perception, is located in the ________ lobe. -frontal -temporal -parietal -occipital

temporal

Which of the following is an example of a reflex? -becoming angry at your friend for raising his voice -becoming bored at a wedding -sitting very still in the classroom -the pupil of your eye contracting in the presence of bright light

the pupil of your eye contracting in the presence of bright light

Your ears receive sound waves and convert this energy into neural messages that travel to your brain and are processed as sounds. This is an example of ________. -just noticeable difference -subliminal messaging -top-down processing -transduction

transduction

How long does traditional psychoanalysis typically take? -months -one week of intensive sessions -weeks -years

years

What was the main idea behind Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development? -An individual's personality develops throughout the lifespan -An individual's personality is determined in childhood -Individuals are either introverts or extroverts -The Electra complex caused women to be neurotic.

An individual's personality develops throughout the lifespan

________ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and worry that is accompanied by disturbances in behaviors. -Anxiety -Dissociative -Affective -Personality

Anxiety

Which of the following individuals is demonstrating an optimistic outlook on life? -Cary, who gets angry when his favorite baseball team is losing a game. -Carlotta, who has had enough of her job and doesn't feel it will ever make her happy. -Carla, who is in a relationship that is just "for now" while waiting for the love of her life. -Carl, who tends to see the good in situations and always looks on the bright side of things.

Carl, who tends to see the good in situations and always looks on the bright side of things.

How is an explicit memory different from an implicit memory? -Explicit memories are memories we consciously try to remember and recall, while implicit memories are those that are not part of our consciousness. -Explicit memories are memories we have directly experienced, while implicit memories are memories that someone else directly experienced. -Explicit memories are memories we unconsciously remember, while implicit memories are those that we consciously remember. -Implicit memories are memories we consciously try to remember and recall, while explicit memories are those that are not part of our consciousness.

Explicit memories are memories we consciously try to remember and recall, while implicit memories are those that are not part of our consciousness.

Which of the following is not part of feminist psychology?

Favoring women over men

________ is having an experience that is so engaging and engrossing that it becomes worth doing for its own sake. During this state a person might say that they feel that they "lose themselves" in the activity. -Flow -Completion -Chi -Zen

Flow

What is the main idea of levels of processing theory? -Aerobic exercise promotes neurogenesis. -If you want to remember a piece of information, you should think about it more deeply and link it to other information and memories to make it more meaningful. -In order to remember information, you should build a web of retrieval cues to help you access material when you want to remember it. -Overlearning can help prevent storage decay.

If you want to remember a piece of information, you should think about it more deeply and link it to other information and memories to make it more meaningful.

Which of the following is true regarding the accuracy and reliability of a job analysis? -It can depend on the nature of the descriptions and the source for the job analysis. -It is hardly ever accurate and reliable. -It is most accurate when developed from descriptions by people holding the job. -It is usually extremely accurate and reliable.

It can depend on the nature of the descriptions and the source for the job analysis.

What does set point theory suggest about the probable results of bariatric surgery? -It has guaranteed that recipients will eventually reach their ideal weight. -It is impossible to use set point theory to predict anything about the results of bariatric surgery. -It will not result in long term weight loss because the body will resist change and seek its initial set point. -It will result in successful weight loss for men but not for women because men have a lower set point.

It will not result in long term weight loss because the body will resist change and seek its initial set point.

Which option is the most valid criticism of Watson and Rayner's work with "little Albert"? -They did not have the permission of Albert's mother to conduct the research -It would be unethical by today's research standards. -The provided no compensation to Albert's mother for his participation in the study. -It did not use multiple pairings of an UCS with a NS.

It would be unethical by today's research standards.

Which individual is probably not living in a culture that promotes a collectivist view of the world? -Ravi in India -Vy from Vietnam -James from England -Kungkook from South Korea

James from England

________ is an anthropologist who contributed to our understanding of chimpanzee behavior in the wild, using naturalistic observation. -Jane Goodall -Sigmund Freud -Suzanne Fanger -Tatiana Hogan

Jane Goodall

Which of the following is an example of self-efficacy? -Judd does not believe that he is good at math. -Naomi believes that she can successfully complete law school. -Stacia thinks that Tammy underestimates her abilities. -Tony knows that Yancy frequently brags about his accomplishments.

Naomi believes that she can successfully complete law school.

What is the main idea of the behavioral perspective on personality? -Personality is formed solely in childhood -Personality is significantly shaped by the biology of the organism -Personality is significantly shaped by the reinforcements and consequences outside of the organism -Personality theory should be based on social health

Personality is significantly shaped by the reinforcements and consequences outside of the organism

Which term refers to the process by which we derive meaning from morphemes and words? -interpretation -language -semantics -syntax

Semantics

In looking at the area of multicultural psychology, what is a recognized deficit of this particular area of study?

Social

Imagine yourself in a dark classroom reading PowerPoint slides. If an audience member were to check the internet using her cell phone and causing her screen to light up, chances are that many people would notice the change in illumination in the classroom. However, if the same thing happened in a brightly lit classroom during a discussion, very few people would notice. The cell phone brightness does not change, but its ability to be detected as a change in illumination varies dramatically between the two contexts. This is an example of ________. -Merkel's theory -the law of thermoception -the principle of transduction -Weber's law

Weber's law

Which of the following is something an advocate for arousal theory might observe? -We become accustomed to boredom and learn to enjoy it. -We become accustomed to excitement and learn to enjoy it. -When we are bored we look for excitement; when we are overexcited we wish for more peace. -When we are sleepy we should sleep; when we are hungry we should eat.

When we are bored we look for excitement; when we are overexcited we wish for more peace.

Which of the following is the best example of peripheral route persuasion? -anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use -anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year -encouraging your parents to quit smoking by switching to chewing tobacco, then convincing them to chew less tobacco each week -supporting your sister who has decided to go cold turkey in order to quit smoking

anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use

Which of the following exemplifies extrinsically motivated behavior? -babysitting your younger brother in order to receive an hourly fee -dating an abusive partner because you believe you don't deserve good treatment -jerking your hand back from a hot burner -mowing your elderly neighbor's lawn for free because he can't do it himself

babysitting your younger brother in order to receive an hourly fee

Sandra strongly believes that attending daycare is detrimental to children's development so she decides to write her psychology term paper on this topic. She does a literature search and finds several sources supporting her opinion, but she finds that the majority of research indicates that children attending daycare experience healthy development. She writes a paper using the sources that find negative associations with daycare attendance. This is an example of ________. -confirmation bias -confounding variable -correlational research -observer bias

confirmation bias

A(n) ________ variable is a factor that affects both variables of interest in research and may falsely give the impression of a cause-and-effect relationship. -confounding -control -dependent -independent

confounding

Ravon is deaf. He was born without the ability to hear, and has never experienced an auditory stimulus. When people write using "sound" type words like "loud," "soft," and "quiet," he sometimes has difficulty understanding what they are trying to convey. Ravon has ________ deafness. -conductive -congenital -postnatal -prenatal

congenital

Ali is aware of his feelings, emotions, and thoughts. He is also aware of his surroundings, the warmth of the sun, and the sound of nearby traffic. Ali is in a state of ________. -conscience -consciousness -REM sleep -unconsciousness

consciousness

Jory, a six year old, is picking out a card for his mother's birthday. He picks the card with a picture of Lightning McQueen, reasoning that since he loves Cars his mother does to. What does this exemplify? -reversibility -conservation -egocentrism -abstract thought

egocentrism

The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is responsible for ________. -compiling statistics about the pay gap between women and men -enforcing federal laws that make it illegal to discriminate in the hiring of employees -offering a database of job analyses for various occupations -providing a comprehensive list of average salary and projected lifetime earnings for each occupation

enforcing federal laws that make it illegal to discriminate in the hiring of employees

What does nurture refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate? -biology -environment and culture -genetics -sexual preference

environment and culture

Cole spends a few weeks being treated for major depressive disorder. He eventually stops exhibiting symptoms, but a few months later they reoccur. Once again the symptoms dissipate, but a few months later they reoccur. Cole's major depressive disorder is ________? -asymptomatic -episodic -limited in duration to a few weeks -reoccurring every few months

episodic

Which of the following is the best example of the foot-in-the-door technique of persuasion? -anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use -anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year -getting your parents to agree to cut their smoking down by a few cigarettes, then asking them to quit altogether -supporting your sister who has decided to go cold turkey in order to quit smoking

getting your parents to agree to cut their smoking down by a few cigarettes, then asking them to quit altogether

How can parents help their children achieve high congruence? -forcing them to be independent -giving them unconditional love -not allowing them to use their defense mechanisms -pointing out their mistakes

giving them unconditional love

The myelin sheath is made from ________. -axons -glial cells -somas -terminal buttons

glial cells

A negative correlation means ________. -a third variable eliminates a correlational relationship -one variable decreases as the other increases -there is a relationship between two variables, but it is not statistically significant -two variables increase together, but they are associated with an undesirable outcome

one variable decreases as the other increases

Which nerve carries visual information from the retina to the brain? -cornea -linear -optic -photoreceptor

optic

Tesla crafts imitation dream catchers in her spare time. Her father constantly encourages her to sell them on eBay. When she finally agrees to sell them, she notices that while she still enjoys making the dream catchers, she no longer does it for fun—she does it to make money. This is an example of the ________ effect. -drive-reduction -hierarchical -heuristic -overjustification

overjustification

Sleepwalking, night terrors, and restless leg syndrome are all examples of________. -lucid dreaming -parasomnias -protoconsciousness -somnambulism

parasomnias

Britta knows that it is wrong to break into a store that is closed, but there is a medical emergency and she has no cell phone with her. Her date has collapsed on the street and is having a seizure. Britta breaks the window of a local store, unlocks the door, and lets herself in to call the police. She stays behind to explain her behavior to the store owner, who shows up shortly after he is called. Britta is operating at the ________ level of Kohlberg's theory of morality. -pre-conventional -conventional -post-conventional

post-conventional

Cordelia, an active duty marine, served in Afghanistan. While she was on patrol with her friend, an IED went off, killing her friend and injuring Cordelia's left arm. In the two months since her friend died, Cordelia has been jumpy, irritable, avoids talking about her friend, and once every few days experiences a flashback to the explosion. Cordelia is experiencing ________ disorder. -panic -bipolar -posttraumatic stress -schizotypal personality

posttraumatic stress

Keegan is a police officer. She was recently placed on administrative leave because she was shot during an armed robbery. Since the shooting, she can't stop thinking about how it felt to be shot, she is often angry with her husband, she jumps when she hears a loud noise, and she takes a 15 minute detour when driving home to avoid the neighborhood where it happened. Keegan probably suffers from ________. -physiological stressors related to her shooting -posttraumatic stress disorder -bipolar depressive disorder -the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome

posttraumatic stress disorder

Elroy decided not to cheat on the exam because he would fail the class if he was caught and he'd get punished by his parents. What stage of moral development does this exemplify? -formal operational -post-conventional -conventional -pre-conventional

pre-conventional

Brizan has just lost his job. He is proactive in trying to resolve this source of stress; he immediately uses the internet to look up other jobs in his field and plans to eliminate non-essentials from his budget to make his savings last longer. Which type of coping approach is Brizan using? -proactive -emotion-focused -problem-focused -stress reduction

problem-focused

Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by ________. -studying how emotional responses influence behavior while deemphasizing the importance of the subconscious -studying implicit motivations for behavior through the use of implicit association tests -studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes -studying the genetic basis for behavior and theorizing how instincts influence behavior

studying how emotional responses influence behavior while deemphasizing the importance of the subconscious

Victoria has accumulated a large sleep debt. This means that she ________. -falls asleep in the middle of the day -sleeps more than 12 hours in a 24-hour period -suffers from chronic sleep deprivation -suffers from insomnia due to large amounts of debt

suffers from chronic sleep deprivation

________ is/are often conducted with large numbers of participants and can even be conducted by phone, email, or mail. -archival research -case studies -surveys -university experiments

surveys

The space between two neurons is called the ________. -soma -synapse -terminal button -vesicle

synapse

On the advice of her therapist, Thora decides to treat her fear of heights by exposing herself to heights using a hierarchy of stimuli related to her phobia. Which form of therapy is she using? -aversion therapy -free association -play therapy -systematic desensitization

systematic desensitization

Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she is just a nasty person, and does not consider that she may just have had a bad day and is venting. Lee is demonstrating ________. -groupthink -the self-serving bias -the actor-observer effect -the actor-observer effect

the actor-observer effect

What is meant by the term etiology? -the cause of a disorder -the different symptoms of a given condition -likely future path of an illness -frequency with which a given illness occurs

the cause of a disorder

What was responsible for the development of the indigenous model of studying the cultural context of personality?

the dominance of Western approaches to studying personality in non-Western cultures

Functionalist psychologists focus on the function of behavior and ________.

the operation of the whole mind rather than the individual parts

Psychology refers to the ________.

the scientific study of mind and behavior

Which of the following exemplifies the unconditional positive regard component of client-centered therapy? -Boris tells his therapist that that he needs stronger medication and his therapist prescribes it. -Abby tells her therapist that she tripped a small child who got in her way, and her therapist accepts this information without judgment. -Xavier receives a hug from the doctor when he arrives on time; he does not get a hug when he arrives late. -Natasha is late for her therapy session and her therapist believes she did this because she unconsciously dislikes therapy.

Abby tells her therapist that she tripped a small child who got in her way, and her therapist accepts this information without judgment.

________ is the kind of stress that exceeds the optimal level, is no longer a positive force, and becomes excessive and debilitating. -Distress -Eustress -Type A stress -Type B stress

Distress

Which statement about groupthink is correct? -Group members modify their opinion to go against what they believe is the group consensus. -Group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus. -Group members will never agree if there is a minority influence present. -Group members will use brainstorming to discover the solution that most group members agree on.

Group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus.

Which of the following exemplifies an advertisement that would reflect a task-oriented approach to job analysis? -driver who can operate a forklift in small spaces, drive a cement-mixer, and handle explosive material -experienced part-time nanny who loves energetic children -motivated and ambitious person to earn money in the comfort of your own home -pet sitter familiar with the feeding habits of reptiles and spiders

driver who can operate a forklift in small spaces, drive a cement-mixer, and handle explosive material

Which famous female psychologist completed all of the requirements for a doctorate in psychology but was denied that degree because of her sex?

Mary Whiton Calkins

Apollonia was diagnosed with major depressive disorder five years ago. She knows her mother took medicine to combat depression and she worries her daughter will experience depression too. Why? -Apollonia also suffers from social anxiety disorder. -Mood disorders are more likely to occur in younger people. -Mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis. -People who grow up with a depressed parent usually become depressed themselves.

Mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis.

Which of the following is the best example of central route persuasion? -anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use -anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year -encouraging your parents to quit smoking by switching to chewing tobacco, then convincing them to chew less tobacco each week -supporting your sister who has decided to go cold turkey in order to quit smoking

anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year

In Albert Bandura's social-cognitive theory, behavior refers to ________. -actions that are not internally motivated -anything an individual does that can be punished or rewarded -reactions that are externally motivated -specific actions that result in reactions

anything an individual does that can be punished or rewarded

Many cultures have stories about a hero who goes on a quest, such as Hercules, King Arthur, and Gilgamesh. What would Carl Jung say this exemplified? -archetype -id -persona -unconscious anxiety

archtype

Sharmila cannot remember what she had for breakfast last week, but she can remember the day she got married ten years ago as clearly as if it just happened. This example illustrates the ________ theory. -arousal -emotion -equipotentiality -flashbulb

arousal

Stanley was diagnosed with lymphoma and had to undergo several months of chemotherapy. During this time he would become very nauseated as a side effect, and unintentionally came to associate that nausea with his favorite grilled cheese sandwich. Now, years later, even thinking about a grilled cheese sandwich makes him sick. In this example, Stanley's nauseous reaction to a grilled cheese sandwich is the ________. -conditioned stimulus -unconditioned response -unconditioned stimulus -conditioned response

conditioned response

In Stanley Milgram's obedience research, the person playing the part of the "learner" was an accomplice, or ________, of the experiment. He was aware of the true purpose of the research, was never shocked, and was acting according to Milgram's instructions. -ally -associate -confederate -union

confederate