psychology mid term

Carrie has been sad a lot lately. She is down on herself, evidences very little appetite, can't sleep, and doesn't want to be around her friends or family. Carrie's condition is most likely

a depressive disorder

Which of the following statements regarding the difference between a clinical psychologist and a psychiatrist is accurate?

d. Clinical psychologists tend to take a nonmedical approach to the treatment of psychological disorders.

Which of the following is good advice for getting more out of lectures?

d. Pay attention to clues from the instructor about what is important.

A researcher wants to see if a protein-enriched diet will enhance the maze-running performance of rats. One group of rats is fed the high-protein diet for the duration of the study; the other group continues to receive ordinary rat chow. In this experiment, the group of rats that is fed the high-protein diet is __________ group; the group that receives ordinary rat chow is __________ group.

d. an experimental; a control

According to Hazan and Shaver's model of infant attachment and romantic love, adults with which of the following attachment styles are most likely to report more intense emotional highs and lows in their romantic relationships?

d. anxious-ambivalent

Which of the following techniques is most likely to prove useful in determining why a particular child is afraid to go to school?

d. case study

The disorder that is characterized by worry and fear, muscle tension, trembling, faintness, and difficulty in concentrating is known as a

d. generalized anxiety disorder

People with baby-faced features (e.g., large eyes, smooth skin) tend to be viewed as

d. honest

A chemical that transfers information from one neuron to another is referred to as a(n)

d. neurotransmitter

Joe has been calling Jill each evening and talking with her everyday at lunch, but now he is deeply despondent because she is out of town. Joe is in the throws of

d. passionate love

Ann is so terrified of fire that she cannot light a match or even enjoy dinner by candlelight. Ann is most likely suffering from

d. phobic disorder

The matching hypothesis proposes that males and females of approximately equal __________ are likely to select each other as partners.

d. physical attractiveness

The fact that we tend to like people who like us illustrates which of the following principles involved in interpersonal attraction?

d. reciprocity

Organized clusters of ideas about categories of social events and people are referred to as

d. social schemas

The basic premise of evolutionary psychology is that natural selection favors behaviors that enhance organisms' success in

passing on their genes to the next generation

Which of the following areas of research in psychology is concerned with assessing individual differences, developing tests, and developing new statistical techniques?

psychometrics

According to the definition of psychology that appears in your textbook, psychology is both a __________ and a(n) __________.

science; profession

SQ3R refers to which of the following?

a study system designed to promote effective reading

A physical ailment that results from psychological factors without any accompanying physical basis is referred to as

a. a somatoform disorder

In treating an abnormal behavior, the main concern of a psychoanalyst would be to discover the

a. childhood unconscious conflict that led to the behavior

In Sternberg's triangular theory of love, __________ refers to an intention to maintain a relationship in spite of the difficulties and costs that may arise.

a. commitment

Simon recently walked into a hospital emergency room in Florida. He had no identification, and although he didn't appear to be hurt in anyway, he had no idea who he was or where he lived. A check of missing person reports showed that Simon had walked away from his home in Brooklyn ten days earlier. In this case, Simon's symptoms are most consistent with

a. dissociative fugue

Person perception refers to the process of

a. forming impressions of others

Celine just heard that her neighbor, Rodney, was involved in an automobile accident. If Celine concludes that Rodney's children distracted him for a few seconds, and that was the reason for the accident, she has

a. made an external attribution

In descriptive/correlational research, the investigator

a. systematically observes two variables to see whether there is an association between them

d. Pay attention to clues from the instructor about what is important. Which of the following is good advice for someone about to take a multiple-choice test?

b. Always read each question completely.

Dr. Marqueta believes that "misery loves company." Based on this belief, Dr. Marqueta predicts that people who have received bad news will seek out other people. Dr. Marqueta's belief is an example of __________, and her prediction is an example of __________.

b. a theory; a hypothesis

According to Hazan and Shaver, an adult who reports that his or her love relations are volatile, jealous, and full of expected rejection was probably a(n) __________ child.

b. anxious-ambivalent attachment

Abnormalities at norepinephrine and serotonin synapses appear to play a role in which of the following?

b. depression

Transference

b. refers to the client's redirection toward the therapist of unconscious emotional reactions originally felt toward others

When Jerry thought he was the only person who was assigned the job of contacting alumni for a 15-year reunion, he spent several hours on the phone each evening trying to reach members of his graduating class. When he learned that eight other people were also working on contacting the alumni he spent only 30 minutes each night making phone calls. The process that would best explain the decrease in Jerry's effort when he learned that he was working as part of a larger group, is

b. social loafing

Janet trained her dog to sit on command by following this behavior with a reward of a dog biscuit and praise. Janet used the principles of which of the following "schools" of psychology?

behaviorism

Advocates of the __________ perspective maintain that much of human and animal behavior can be explained in terms of the bodily structures and biochemical processes that allow organisms to behave.

biological

Which of the following statements best represents the approach of a cognitive therapist in treating a chronically anxious client?

c. "Let's see if we can identify the irrational thoughts that are producing your anxiety."

Tina has been extremely hyperactive for the past week, and she has been getting by with only 3 hours of sleep each night. Her thoughts seem to be racing out of control and she is convinced that the novel she started last week will become a best seller and win a Pulitzer Prize, even though she has never had any of her writing published in the past. Tina's symptoms suggest that she is currently experiencing

c. a manic episode

Going to a playground for an hour each day for two weeks and recording girl-boy exchanges would be an example of

c. a naturalistic observation

Which of the following factors is not one that influences a person's initial attraction to someone else?

c. attributional style

According to behavior therapists, pathological behaviors

c. can be modified directly, through the application of established principles of conditioning

Clive is a clinical psychologist and his sister Grace is a psychiatrist. The main difference between these two professionals would be the fact that Clive would

c. have a degree in psychology while Stephanie would have a medical degree

Antipsychotic drugs typically do all but which of the following a. reduce hyperactivity b. reduce delusionsd. decrease activity atdopamine synapses

c. increase mental confusion dopamine synapses

A group of researchers wanted to determine if people will eat more food in a room with red paint and red decorations than in a room that is decorated blue. Half the participants in this study ate in a red room and half ate in a blue room. The researchers then measured how much food was consumed in each of the two rooms. In this study the independent variable was

c. the color of the decorations in the room

Which of the following characteristics is most likely to enhance the credibility of the source of a persuasive message?

c. trustworthiness

Charlene is talking with her father, and she confesses that she lied about where she had been on the weekend. Her father tells Charlene that he loves her, but that he doesn't approve of her lying. According to Carl Rogers, Charlene's father is displaying the quality of

c. unconditional positive regard

A psychologist whose major interest focuses on how behavior changes as a function of age would probably be considered a __________ psychologist.

developmental

A clinical psychologist would probably be most interested in which of the following?

figuring our the most effective ways of treating anxiety

Manny tends to be very passive and allows people to take advantage of him. What would a humanist be most likely to say about Manny?

manny can become more assertive once he begins to feel better about himself and recognizes that he has the ability to fulfill his potential.

Which of the following is most likely to be studied by a cognitive psychologist?

strategies used by collage students to solve a particular problem

The first two major "schools" of psychology were

structuralism and functionalism

Which of the following questions would a social psychologist be most likely to ask?

why do we like some people and not others

An industrial/organizational psychologist would be most likely to be involved in which of the following activities?

working to improve employee morale and attitudes