Psychology: Motivation

3 elements for system operation in a business:

- Autonomy (independence) - Mastery (desire to get better) - Purpose (doing what we do in a service of something larger than ourselves)

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs (BSSES)

(a.k.a: Humanistic Theory) - Needs are ordered from basic survival to psychological needs; 1. Basic Needs (phsiological) 2. Safety Needs 3. Social Needs (belongingness) 4. Esteem Needs 5. Self-Actualization - Each successive level of the hierarchy is addressed only after the preceding level's needs have been met (concept of prepotency)

Secondary Drives

- Approval - Humanism (wanting to be the best human you want to be) (Maslow's theory) - Achievement (Incentives)

Barry Schwartz

- Janitor - Lemonade - Waste in Hood - Rules > Moral Skill (education) - Incentives > Moral Will (nuclear waste story) - Moral Skill + Moral Will = Practical Wisdoom - Remoralizing Work - Any work that you do that involves other people is MORAL WORK. - MORAL WORK depends upon practical wisdom - Rules and incentives provide fabricated competetion to a person's natural motives.

Daniel Pink

- Money does not give creativity - Progress > Money - Incentives dull thinking and block creativity - Key --> to overcome functional fixedness (figure out other ways to deal with challenge) - Rewards of any kind are incentivizing and beneficial in cognitive tasks rather than mechanical tasks

Individual Differences

- People vary in the degree to which they seek lower or higher levels of arousal. - Zuckerman: sensation seeking as an aspect of personality, related to risky behavior

Homeostasis

- equilibrium - arousal is low - needs rise to drives

Primary Drive

Biological ( food, water, air)

Harry Harlow - Mother Love

Experiment: - baby monkey prefered cloth mother because she provided more comfort, security and love - wired mother was not very important for the baby monkey, but was the one with the food Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Wired mother- gives basic needs, no comfort Cloth mother- gives sense of security and contact comfort (third slot)

Drive-Reduction Theory

Motivation results to keep a balanced internal state

Arousal

Person's state of alertness and mental and physical activation.

Optimal Arousal Theory

a. Arousal below optimal level motivates behavior to increase arousal. b. Arousal above optimal level motivates behavior to decrease arousal.

Motivation

activating behavior that satisfies our needs and leads toward goals. The driving force which sets us in motion.

Mastery

high level of knowledge in a certain subject

Functional Fixedness

something that you can't see beyond its original purpose

Motives

specific expectations that cause a person to strive toward a goal.

Achievement theory of motivation

the wish to reach a high level of performance

Learned Helplessness

to be under false impression that you can't achieve something because of a previous experience

Intrinsic Motivation (In)

when you are motivated to do something for your own sake, for your own personal gain

Extrinsic Motivation (Out)

when you are motivated to do something in order to recieve a reward or avoid punishment