Psychology Quiz 4

Why do we sleep?

...

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding dreams?

All of these statements are true regarding dreams.

Which of the following best defines hypnosis?

It is a cooperative social interaction in which the hypnotized person responds to the hypnotist's suggestions.

According to Focus on Neuroscience: The Sleep-Deprived Emotional Brain, which of the following is TRUE?

People often react with greater emotionality when they're not getting adequate sleep.

The sleep disorder that is characterized by the person moving about and acting out his dreams is called:

REM sleep behavior disorder.

Dreaming usually takes place during _____ sleep and is typically accompanied by _____.

REM; physiological arousal, brain activity, and rapid movement of the eyes

During REM sleep, a dreamer tends to uncritically accept the seemingly illogical and occasionally bizarre details of his or her dreams. In terms of brain functioning, what seems to account for this?

The frontal lobes are essentially shut down during REM sleep.

An unfolding sequence of perceptions, thoughts, and emotions during sleep (usually REM), that is experienced as a series of real-life events is a description of:

a dream

Shortly after going to bed and as you are falling asleep, you experience the vividly realistic sensation that you are falling or tripping forward, which jolts you awake. This vivid sensation is a common example of:

a hypnagogic hallucination

A hypnotist instructed Hermione that when she came out of hypnosis, she would be unable to spell her own name. This is an example of:

a posthypnotic suggestion.

After turning out the light for the night, your head hits the pillow. Gradually, your muscles relax and drowsiness occurs. This drowsy yet wakeful state is associated with ______ brain waves.

alpha

As you are reading this question you are awake and alert. This means that your brain is generating ______ brain waves.

beta

The best candidates for hypnosis are people who:

can easily become immersed in fantasy and imaginary experiences.

As you are taking this test right now, you are aware of your thoughts, sensations, memories, and different aspects of the surrounding environment. Collectively, this awareness is referred to as:

consciousness

The term circadian rhythm refers to the:

consistent daily fluctuations in many biological and psychological processes

The cycles of NREM sleep and REM sleep begin:

during fetal development.

Dreams that are most likely to be remembered are:

early morning dreams, which can last 40 minutes or longer.

NREM slow-wave sleep contributes to:

forming new episodic memories.

where is the suprachiasmatic nucleus located?

in the hypothalamus in the brain

Tremaine complains about the quality or duration of his sleep, that he has difficulty going to sleep and staying asleep, and that he frequently wakes before it is time to get up. Tremaine has:

insomnia

keeping circadian rhythms synchronized and operating on a 24 hour schedule:

involves the detection of sunlight by special photoreceptors in the eye and the communication of this information to the brain

According to the text discussion, age regression:

is the use of hypnosis to recall or re-experience an earlier time in the lifespan.

Elaine is sitting in Sigmund Freud's office and tells him that she remembers a dream in which a car was parked in front of her house and a man with a baseball bat kept getting in and out of the car. After some discussion, Freud suggests to Elaine that the baseball bat probably symbolized the man's penis and the action of repeatedly entering the car probably symbolized sexual intercourse. The symbolic meaning of the dream that Freud suggested is called the _____ content.

latent

In psychoanalytic theory, the disguised, symbolic meaning of dreams is called the:

latent content

Elaine remembers a dream in which a car was parked in front of her house and a man with a baseball bat kept getting in and out of the car. According to Sigmund Freud's theory, the specific dream details that Elaine remembers are called the _____ content.

manifest

Tim suffers from overwhelming bouts of excessive daytime sleepiness and brief uncontrollable episodes of sleep, called microsleeps or sleep attacks. Tim has:

narcolepsy

Sleep terrors are the same as:

night terrors.

Vivid and disturbing dreams that often awaken the sleeper and typically involve feelings of helplessness or powerlessness in the face of being aggressively attacked or pursued are called:

nightmares

Mrs. Wilkinson notices that her middle-aged husband stops breathing in his sleep, awakens slightly to gulp in air, then goes back to sleep. This happens several times a night. Mr. Wilkinson is displaying symptoms of which of the following sleep disorders?

obstructive sleep apnea

Melatonin is manufactured by the:

pineal gland

REM is an acronym that stands for:

rapid eye movement

Most dreams:

reflect the daily concerns of the dreamer.

Current research concludes that dreams:

reflect the waking concerns and preoccupations of the dreamer and the active process of trying to make sense of stimuli produced by the brain during sleep.

A parasomnia called _____ involves sharply increased physiological arousal, restlessness, sweating, a racing heart, and intense fear accompanied by a panic-stricken scream or cry for help with no recollection of the episode in the morning.

sleep terrors

Although he was fast asleep, 12-year-old Scott got out of bed and walked to the kitchen with slow but automatic movements and began to fumble with the lock on the back door. Scott has had a number of such _____ episodes and rarely remembers anything about them in the morning.

somnambulism

You've been lying awake next to your bed partner for about five minutes. As you hear the other person's breathing become rhythmical, you notice occasional slight twitches in your partner's hand and leg. Most likely, your bed partner is in:

stage 2 NREM

The presence of sleep spindles and the K complexes are the defining characteristics of:

stage 2 NREM sleep

As you are being monitored by sleep researchers, almost all of your brain activity comprises delta brain waves. This is a clear sign that you are in:

stage 4 NREM

Sleepwalking typically occurs during:

stage 4 NREM

exposure to sunlight and other bright lights:

suppresses the production of melatonin

According to Freud, the term manifest content refers to:

the elements of a dream that are consciously experienced and remembered by the dreamer.

Observing a subject who is in REM sleep, a sleep researcher can conclude that all of the following are true of the subject EXCEPT:

the subject's heart rate and blood pressure reach their lowest levels

In response to bright morning light:

the suprachiasmatic nucleus causes the pineal gland to decrease production of melatonin

By the time children are 5 years old:

the typical 90-minute sleep cycles of alternating REM and NREM are established.

Ted went without sleep for two days in order to study for a final exam. Ted can expect to experience:

very brief episodes of sleep called microsleeps that occur during wakefulness.