Psychology Review Packet ch 3-4

Which theory suggests that dreams are mental responses to random bursts of neural stimulation?

Activation-synthesis theory

In one study both hypnotized and unhypnotized subjects were told to throw acid at a researchers face. In this experiment hypnotized people

Behaved in the same fashion as unhypnotized individuals

The school of thought in psychology that systematically avoided the study of consciousness during the first half of the last century was

Behaviorism

After flying from California to New York, Arthur experienced a restless and sleepless night. His problem is caused by the disruption of his normal

Circadian rhythm

In a brief 15-30 min rush of euphoria followed by a crash of agitated depression is most likely associated with the use of

Cocaine

The traditions, ideas, attitudes, and behaviors shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next define their

Culture

Three hours after going to sleep, Jame's heart rate increases her breathing becomes more rapid and her eyes move rapidly under her closed lids this suggests that James is

Dreaming

Plato's belief that death involves the separation of the mind from the body is known as

Dualism

Cautious attitude towards sexual encounters has proven to be more reproductively advantageous to woman than to men because the birth process is time consuming this is a logic of

Evolutionary sexual behavior

Studies of identical twins who had been reared apart most clearly highlight the importance of

Genetic predispositions in personality development

Sensory experiences that occur without a sensory stimulus are called

Hallucinations

Consciousness is

Our awareness of ourselves and our environment

Even though many chairs in the library study area are unoccupied, Jamie sits next to Blake, this violates Blake's

Personal space

American students are more likely than Japanese students to describe themselves in terms of their

Personal traits

Deep sleep appears to play an important role in

Physical growth

Drug tolerance refers to the

Reduced effect of a drug resulting from its regular usage

Evolutionary psychologists would be most likely to attribute gender differences in attitudes toward casual sex to the fact that men have greater

Reproductive potential than women

A bank teller was so distracted by the sight of the bank robbers weapon that she failed to perceive important features of the criminal's physical appearance. This best illustrates

Selective attention

Drivers are slower to detect traffic signals if they are conversing on a cellphone. This best illustrates the impact of

Selective attention

The cocktail party effect provides an example of

Selective attention

Mr. Dayton occasionally stops breathing in his sleep and wakes for a snort of fresh air for a few second before falling back asleep this is a result of

Sleep apnea

Research on dreaming indicates that

Some people are able to test their state of consciousness while dreaming

A child's temperament is likely to be

Stable over time

Brain waves of R.E.M. sleep are most similar to

Stage 1 sleep

Compared to environmentally impoverished rats, enriched rats experiences rapid increase in

Synapses

The ability to pay attention to only one voice at a time is called

The cocktail part effect

When people are experiencing vivid dreams

Their eyes are likely to move under their closed eyelids

Evolutionary psychologists are most likely to predict that men will marry more women who are

Younger

An evolutionary psychologist would be likely to suggest that human preferences for sweet-tasting foods

are genetically predisposed

A researcher who assesses the heritability of intelligence is most likely a

behavior geneticist

The preservation of innovation best illustrates the survival value of

culture

Maria has always taken responsibility for preparing family meals because she learned that this was expected of women. Her behavior best illustrates the importance of

gender roles

When teased by his 9-year old sister Waldo does not cry because he has learned that boys are not supposed to cry. Waldo's behavior best illustrates the importance of

gender roles

A segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a specific protein is called a

gene

According to evolutionary psychologists, behaviors that promote reproductive success are likely to be

genetically predisposed

In recent years, the percentage of American boys and girls given one of the 10 most popular names for their birth year has plunged. This best reflects Americans' increasing

individualism

In comparison to 40 years ago, American women today are more likely to marry for the sake of

love

Cross-culture research on human development indicates that

person-to-person differences within cultural groups are larger than differences between groups

Identical twins separated at birth and raised in completely different cultures would be most likely to have similar

temperaments

In order to estimate trait heritability, researchers are most likely to make use of

twin studies

Advocates of the social influence theory of hypnosis are likely to argue that

Hypnotized people are simply enacting the role of good hypnotic subjects

What is true of alcohol

In both small and large doses it's a depressant

People have always responded so positively to Alyssa's good look that she has developed a socially confident and outgoing personality. This best illustrates

Interaction of nature vs nurture

Example of a psychedelic drug

LSD

Shane, a straight A student remembers dreaming that he failed an important chemistry test. According to Freud, Shane's account represents the

Manifest content of his dream

Compared to women men are__________likely to feel comfortable about having casual sex with different partners and_________likely to cite affection as a reason for their first sexual intercourse

More; less

What drug is classified as a stimulant

Nicotine

The practice of covering your mouth when you cough shows the impact of

Norms