Psychology Test 3
Between 1930 and 1960, the number of dissociative identity disorder diagnoses in North America was _____ per decade.
2
The symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) begin to appear at a median age of about:
20
The symptoms of major depression begin to appear at a median age of about:
25
Which of the following examples reflects a symptom of an anxiety disorder rather than normal anxiety?
For the past several weeks, Mavis has been unable to sleep or concentrate at work because she keeps thinking that something terrible might happen to her son at school, even though she knows that he's safe
_____ result(s) from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval, whereas _____ result(s) from a person's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality.
Normative social influence; informational social influence
One of the goals of humanistic therapy is to: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
Promote growth, not cure illness
Which statement does NOT accurately identify a difference between psychodynamic therapy and psychoanalytic therapy?
Psychodynamic therapy takes place several times a week as opposed to just once or twice a week.
It takes about _____ minutes to form a feeling about a conversational partner and to register whether the partner likes them or not.
4
Chase is experiencing depression. He feels terrible and wants immediate relief. His doctor prescribes an antidepressant. How soon will Chase get relief?
4-6 weeks
In a follow-up to his original obedience experiment, Milgram used 40 new teachers to determine whether participants obeyed because the learners' protests were not convincing. The new teachers complied fully _____ percent of the time.
65
In the original Milgram obedience experiment, participants delivered the maximum shock level _____ percent of the time.
65
The percentage of Americans who reported suffering from a phobia of a specific object or situation in 2015 was:
8:7
Carl Wilkens was a missionary living in Kigali, Rwanda, in 1994 with his family when militia began killing members of an ethnic minority group, the Tutsi. Wilkens was encouraged to leave the area but refused. After evacuating his family, he stayed and contested the 800,000-person genocide. When the militia came to kill him and his Tutsi servants, Wilkens' Hutu neighbors deterred them. Despite repeated death threats, he spent his days running roadblocks to take food and water to orphanages and to negotiate, plead, and bully his way through the bloodshed, saving lives time and again. Wilkens was exemplifying: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
altruism
Kelly is a Republican, and Carlos is a Democrat. Both believe that the members of their own political party are more fair-minded and trustworthy than members of any other party. This belief BEST illustrates:
an ingroup bias
Bob has never been able to keep a job. He has been in and out of jail for theft, sexual assault, and spousal abuse. Bob would MOST likely be diagnosed as having:
antisocial personality disorder
Within the last year, Mr. Shangkun has been fired by three different employers because they each discovered that he was stealing money or materials from their companies. Although he feels no remorse for his misdeeds, his outward signs of repentance have dissuaded his former employers from taking him to court. Mr. Shangkun's behavior is most indicative of
antisocial personality disorder
Discrimination is to _____ as prejudice is to _____.
behavior; attitude
Teresa is emotionally volatile, particularly with friends and boyfriends. She is extremely dramatic about even the smallest disappointments and is sexually and behaviorally very impulsive. Teresa would be considered to have ________ personality disorder
borderline
In 1964, Kitty Genovese was brutally stabbed to death in front of her apartment building. It took the assailant approximately 30 minutes to kill Genovese. Police reports showed that, although 38 neighbors witnessed the event, no one helped or called the police. According to your knowledge of social psychology, this incident can be BEST explained by the _____ effect. Please type the correct answer in the following input field, and then select the submit answer button or press the enter key when finished. Your answer:
bystander effect
Mr. Hughes heard what sounded like cries for help from a swimmer located 30 yards from the ocean shoreline. He continued walking along the beach, however, because he figured that one of the many swimmers in the vicinity would provide help if it was needed. His reaction best illustrates the dynamics involved in
bystander effect
Ten-year-old Sammy watched his friends jump off the high dive at the community pool. At first he refused to do so until his friends called him a "chicken." He then jumped off the high dive. Sammy's behavior is illustrates
conformity
_____ disorder is characterized by a persistently sad mood and low energy level.
depressive
T. J. seems to have stopped caring about his own life. He has lost interest in his work and his usual social activities. Sometimes he wonders if living is worth the effort. T. J. is MOST likely suffering from a(n):
depressive disorder
Which perspective on personality focused on the ways people strive for self-determination and self-realization?
humanistic theories
Sherry has to give her first speech in her communications class, and she is very anxious. Her adviser informs her of the spotlight effect and encourages her to _____ in order to decrease her anxiety. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
imagine her in the role of the spectator
Mrs. Sanders is a second-grade teacher. She believes in equality for all of her students, but she disciplines her White students less harshly than she does her Black students. Mrs. Sanders illustrates
implicit prejudice
The tendency to believe that people get what they deserve and deserve what they get is called
just world phenomenon
For the past four weeks, Odessa has been feeling lethargic and worthless. Her friends are worried because she no longer shows interest in her normal social activities. It is MOST likely that Odessa is suffering from:
major depressive disorder
Historically there have been a variety of models used to explain psychological disorders. The _____ model assumes that mental disorders have physical causes that can be diagnosed and treated.
medical
Philippe Pinel advocated treating psychological disorders through _____ treatment; that is, through unchaining patients and talking to them.
moral
The "Big Five" trait dimensions are
neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness
Scores on measures of extraversion are _____ correlated with measures of sales performance.
not
Without success, Maxine spends hours each day trying to suppress intrusive thoughts that she might have forgotten to lock her house when she left for work. Her experience is most symptomatic of
obsessive-compulsive disorder
Two disorders that involve anxiety are _____ disorder and _____.
obsessive-compulsive; posttraumatic stress disorder
When people suffer from a(n) _____ attack, they often feel intense fear that something horrible is about to happen. These feelings last minutes and include heart palpitations, shortness of breath, and dizziness.
panic
Several times in the past two months, Petra has experienced a racing heart, intense fear that something horrible is about to happen, and an inability to breathe. Petra most likely suffers from
panic disorder
Why are people susceptible to informational social influence?
people want to be accurate
People with high self-esteem have feelings of high self-worth and tend to:
persist with difficult tasks
Alexis imagines that the self she wants to be is a great athlete, well loved, and well educated. She also imagines the self she fears becoming: homeless, lonely, and unemployed. These visions BEST reflect the concept of:
possible selves
Of the approaches to personality described in the textbook, the _____ approach is MOST closely aligned with mainstream psychological research on learning and information processing.
social cognitive
Reciprocal determinism involves environmental, behavioral, and internal factors that are proposed by the _____ perspective.
social cognitive
Julius begins to yawn while he and his girlfriend are studying together. Soon his girlfriend and even his dog begin to yawn. This best illustrates
social contagion
Laurel is attending school in Japan for a semester. When she visited her host family, she quickly learned that it is bad manners to wear shoes inside a home in Japan. This "rule" is an example of
social norm
In Milgram's obedience experiments, "teachers" were LEAST likely to deliver the highest levels of shock when
the "teachers" observed other participants refuse to obey the experimenter's orders
The most common tool for classifying psychological disorders is known as
the DSM-5
Both the inseparability of mind and body and the interaction of nature and nurture are most clearly emphasized by
the biopsychosocial approach
Shortly after learning he did not make it onto his high school football team, Alex vandalized the team's locker room and broke several of the school's windows. His behavior is BEST explained in terms of: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
the frustration-aggression principle.
Which of the following is NOT one of the key defining features of anorexia nervosa?
The person recognizes that they have an eating disorder and is aware of the seriousness of their weight loss
Based on the research presented in your textbook, what is the MOST likely outcome experienced by children who frequently play violent video games?
They are more likely to engage in aggressive thoughts and behaviors.
A psychologist gets an e-mail referral from a prospective client whose name is Devon. Devon complains of stress, fatigue, and apathy. The psychologist asks if Devon is male or female. Why did the psychologist consider this important to know?
Women are more likely to suffer from depression
Thirty-five-year-old Lucy needs to have her blood taken. She is so distraught by this that she must mentally prepare herself for it as well as take a short-acting sedative. Lucy seems to be suffering from:
a phobia
Compulsion is to _____ as _____ is to thought.
action; compulsion
Discrimination is BEST described as:
an unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group of people and its members.
A failure to aid a stranger who needs help in an emergency situation is especially likely when people
are in a hurry
Dr. Cobbs believes that psychological disorders are influenced by genetic predispositions and physiological states. He is also aware that inner psychological dynamics, social dynamics, and culture influence psychological disorders. Dr. Cobbs believes in a _____ model.
biopsychosocial
The demographic landscape of cocaine use disorder was dramatically different in the early twentieth century than it is today. Then, cocaine was a legal stimulant contained in a variety of remedies, tonics, and other consumer products. Cocaine use disorder was seen most often in upper-middle-class women. The influence of cocaine's legal status on its disordered use is most consistent with the _____ model of psychological disorders.
biopsychosocial
In which disorder do people alternate between states of lethargic hopelessness and wild overexcitement?
bipolar disorder
Frieda is typically very shy. However, while watching a rock concert with a huge crowd, she lost her inhibitions. Frieda's unusual behavior is BEST understood in terms of: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
deindividuation
The reduction in personal identity and erosion of the sense of personal responsibility when one is part of a group is known as:
deindividuation.
Unlike _____, which may cause seizures and memory loss, _____ has no side effects other than maybe a headache.
electroconvulsive therapy; repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
Two dimensions mentioned by Hans Eysenck and Sybil Eysenck include extraversion-introversion and: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
emotional stability-instability.
The Big Five personality factor _____ involves the following endpoints: sociable versus retiring and affectionate versus reserved.
extraversion
People's physical attractiveness is positively related to their: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
frequency of dating
PET scans illustrate reduced activation in the _____ lobes of a murderer's cortex.
frontal
One fairly consistent finding when examining functional brain differences in people with depression is that their _____ lobes are _____.
frontal, underactive
Dr. Burns sees his own therapist in order for him to be at his emotional best for seeing patients. He is open with his feelings and self-disclosing in his own therapy. Carl Rogers refers to this attitude as: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
genuiness
A group of racially prejudiced high school students discussed racial issues. During the conversation, their attitudes became even more prejudiced. This BEST illustrates:
group polarization
The tragic decision to launch the space shuttle Challenger resulted in part from the minimal expression of dissenting views among NASA personnel and advisors. This best illustrates the dangers of
groupthink
_____ therapists strive to boost self-fulfillment by helping people grow in self-awareness and self-acceptance.
humanistic
The humanistic perspective has been criticized for promoting an excessive degree of:
individualism
Jonathan, who attends Cloverdale High School, believes that all students at his school are friendlier than those who attend nearby Smith Valley High School. His belief best illustrates
ingroup bias
If a person routinely takes antianxiety medication for an extended period of time, what is the MOST debilitating symptom likely experienced if the person stops taking the drug? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
intense anxiety
Chuck has just moved into a new neighborhood. This new neighborhood is full of people addicted to drugs who live in rundown houses in horrible condition. He often sees them struggling to find food on the street and shivering through the cold winter. When his friend asks him if he feels bad seeing these people suffer he replies, "Good people don't end up that way, so I don't feel bad for them." Chuck's attitude BEST illustrates:
just world phenomenon
Michael is extremely fearful of germs. He sleeps in a special chamber at night, wears gloves, and will only eat food that he can unwrap. His symptoms are MOST characteristic of _____ disorder.
obsessive compulsive
_____ disorder is characterized by a person having intrusive thoughts that may lead to repetitive actions.
obsessive compulsive
Elaine Hatfield and her co-workers randomly matched new University of Minnesota students for a Welcome Week dance. On the night of the blind date, the couples danced and talked for more than two hours and then took a brief intermission to rate their dates. What determined whether they liked each other?
physical attractiveness
The correlation between temperature and the likelihood that Major League Baseball batters will be hit by pitched balls is:
positive
Humanistic theories laid the groundwork for today's scientific subfield of:
positive psychology
Alexis is socially withdrawn and has few close friends. This behavior is most likely to be diagnosed as a symptom of psychological disorder if it is
preventing her from functioning effectively
According to the DSM-5, one of the five major symptoms of major depressive disorder is
problems thinking, concentrating, and making decisions
The MOST powerful indicator of whether people will become friends is geographic nearness, or _____.
proximity
The goal of an approach to psychotherapy known as _____ is to help patients gain insight into repressed impulses and conflicts.
psychoanalysis
Anxious people tend to be on the lookout for potentially threatening events. Their personalities shape how they interpret and react to events. In turn, their reactions influence subsequent events in a way that often reinforces their anxiety. This BEST illustrates the concept of:
reciprocal determinism
Because Mr. Maloney trusts his employees, he treats them kindly. His kindness leads them to work diligently on his behalf, which in turn increases his trust in them. This pattern of trust, kindness, diligence, and increasing trust illustrates what is meant by
reciprocal determinism
The ability to cope with stress and recover from adversity is called _____.
resilience
Based on the textbook's discussion, which disorder may have the LEAST diagnostic validity?
seasonal affective disorder
Seligman attributes the rise in depression in young people to:
self blame over personal failure
Maria believes that she is a very bright and caring person. These qualities help make up her:
self concept
The humanistic perspective has been criticized for focusing excessively on: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
self concept
The brain of a person who suffers from depression tends to have low levels of
serotonin
One of the lingering misconceptions about electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is that, when first introduced, it was used ubiquitously for people with mental illness. Research over time has shown that this treatment is very effective but only for people with: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
severe depression
The home advantage in college and professional athletic events can be attributed to:
social facilitization
Albert Bandura proposed the _____ perspective on personality, which emphasizes the interaction of people with their environment. To describe the interacting influences of behavior, thoughts, and environment, he used the term _____.
social-cognitive; reciprocal determinism
After their country was ravaged by a series of earthquakes, two bitterly antagonistic political groups set aside their differences and worked cooperatively on effective disaster relief. This cooperation best illustrates the importance of
superordinate goals
Involuntary movements of facial muscles, the tongue, or limbs are side effects referred to as _____.
tardive dyskinesia
One of the negative outcomes of giving a person a psychiatric diagnosis is that a person may then live up to others' expectations. This means that:
the label itself may create a self-fulfilling prophecy.
Defensive self-esteem relies on _____, while secure self-esteem relies on _____.
the perceptions of others; internal evaluations
Criticisms of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) suggest that, if Rosenhan's study were replicated today:
the results would be much the same
Dr. Pimler is conducting a study on a new antipsychotic medication. In order to determine if the drug is effective, he should:
use the double blind technique
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI):
was empirically derived
Her neighbor could not afford to repair the roof on her house, so Theresa secretly hired and paid for a contractor to repair the roof. The neighbor never knew who was responsible. Theresa's actions are an example of
altruism
Which of the following psychological disorder(s) was reported by the most people in the United States in 2015?
depressive disorders
A version of cognitive behavioral therapy called _____ therapy helps change harmful, even suicidal, behavior patterns. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
dialectical behavior
A negative behavior describes ________; a negative attitude describes ________.
discrimination; prejudice
Darlene is constantly nervous, tense, and apprehensive. She worries about her health, her job, her children, and her relatives. Her husband has tried to reassure her that everything is going well, but she can't seem to shake her pervasive anxiety. Darlene is probably experiencing
generalized-anxiety disorder
Researchers using the Implicit Association Test have found that people who were more quick to associate good things with White names or faces also were the quickest to perceive anger and apparent threat in Black faces. Their findings demonstrate:
implicit prejudice
A psychological disorder is a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance
in a person's cognitions, emotion regulation, or behaviors
Melissa regularly donates blood to an international blood bank simply because she believes she ought to help anyone with a medical need for a blood transfusion. Melissa's altruism BEST illustrates the impact of the:
social responsibility norm
_____ refers to an expectation that people will help those dependent upon them. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
social responsibility norm