Psychology Test - Social Pysch

Which of the following comments is most likely to be made in a group characterized by groupthink?

"We all seem to be in basic agreement, so there's no sense in continuing our discussion of this issue."

Rhonda has just learned that her neighbor Patricia was involved in an automobile accident at a nearby intersection. The tendency to make the fundamental attribution error may lead Rhonda to conclude

"Patricia's recklessness has finally gotten her into trouble."

Solomon Asch asked people to identify which of three comparison lines was identical to a standard line. His research was designed to study

conformity

Prejudice is an _____; discrimination is a _______

attitude; behavior

Feelings, often based on our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in particular ways to objects, people, and events are called

attitudes

To analyze how people explain others' behavior, Fritz Heider developed

attribution theory

The enduring traditions, attitudes, and behaviors shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next define their

culture

After an exciting football game in which the home team loses by one point, angry fans throw bottles and begin to tear up the field. This behavior is best understood in terms of

deindividuation

A store owner charges Black customers more than Hispanic customers for the very same merchandise. The owner is most clearly engaging in

discrimination

The discomfort we feel when two thoughts are inconsistent is called

cognitive dissonance

Which theory best explains why our actions can lead us to modify our attitudes?

cognitive dissonance theory

Muzafer Sherif's study of conflict in a Boy Scout camp indicated that conflict between two groups of boys could be reduced effectively by

exposing the groups to tasks that required their joint cooperation

If the political conservatism of students who join fraternities and sororities is greater than that of students who do not, the gap in the political attitudes of the two groups will probably widen as they progress through college. This would be best explained in terms of

group polarization

Only when experimental participants were informed that a woman was raped did they perceive the woman's behavior as inviting rape. This best illustrates that victim-blaming is fueled by:

hindsight bias

After three months of riding the 8:30 bus to work, Cindy has actually started to feel affection for the gruff and scowling old bus driver. Cindy's reaction best illustrates

mere exposure effect

Social facilitation refers to the tendency to

perform well-learned tasks more effectively in the presence of others

Our first impressions of people we meet are most likely to be determined by their

physical appearance

An unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and it's members is called

prejudice

Philip Zimbardo devised a simulated prison and randomly assigned college students to serve as prisoners or guards. This experiment best illustrated the impact of

role playing on attitudes

Norms are best described as

rules for socially acceptable behavior

Ever since he lost his job because he was constantly late for work, Richard has become increasingly hostile toward the "government bureaucrats who are leading the country toward bankruptcy." Richard's increasing prejudice is best explained in terms of:

scapegoat theory

Mr. Jones is a member of the faculty committee on academic standards at a local private school. He personally disagrees with the other committee members' proposed plan to begin accepting students with below-average grades. Mr. Jones is most likely, however, to vote in favor of their plan if

the other committee members are unanimous in their opinion.

A social trap is a situation in which

the pursuit of self-interest leads to collective harm

In 1942, German reserve police officers obeyed orders to kill some 1500 Jews in the village of Jozefow, Poland. This incident illustrates that people are most likely to be destructively obedient when

they perceive their orders to come from legitimate authority figures.

The text defines social psychology as the scientific study of how people ________ one another.

think about, influence, and relate to

Which theory suggests that altruistic behavior is governed by calculations of rewards and costs?

social exchange theory

University students were observed to pull harder on a rope when they thought they were pulling alone than when they thought three others were pulling with them on the same rope. This best illustrates:

social loafing

Arturo believes that most young women from California are extremely good-looking and that extremely good-looking women are usually selfish and egotistical. His beliefs are examples of

stereotypes

Unconsciously mimicking those around us is known as

the chameleon effect

Anton is the only juror to favor acquittal of the defendant in a murder trial. To influence the majority he should

be self-confident and consistent in expressing his viewpoint

The just-world phenomenon often leads people to

believe that victims of misfortune deserve to suffer

Which of the following is most clearly supported by research on social attraction?

birds of a feather flock together

People are less likely to give aid if an emergency occurs in the presence of many observers. This is known as

bystander effect

Sharing household chores ranks high on a list of things people associate with successful marriages. This best illustrates the perceived value of

equity

According to Milgram, the most fundamental lesson to be learned from his study of obedience is that

even ordinary people, who are not usually hostile, can become agents of destruction.

When a salesperson visits your home and asks you to try a free sample of a cleaning fluid, you agree. When he returns the following week and asks you to purchase an assortment of expensive cleaning products, you make the purchase. The salesperson appears to have made effective use of

foot-in-the-door phenomenon