Psychology Test Unit 4
Some people are better than others at detecting slight variations in the tastes of various blends of coffee. This best illustrates the importance of
difference thresholds
Accomodation refers to the
diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus
Dilation and construction of the pupil are controlled by the
iris
Tinnitus is phantom _____ sensation
limb
Many hard-of-hearing people sound compressed because they remain sensitive to ________
loud sounds
Bottom-up processing involves processing that begins with the ___________
sensory receptors
When visually deprived infant monkeys were first allowed to seem they could not visually distinguish
Circles from squares
The retina is to the eye as the ______ is to the ear.
Cochlea
Photos of people were rated more positively if photos immediately followed a flashed image of kittens. This best illustrates the impact of ______
Context Effects
The horizon Moon appears to shrink in size if is viewed through a narrow tube that eliminates the perception of distance cues. This best illustrates the importance of
Context effects or Moon Illusion
As a door opensm it casts an increasingly trapezoidal shape on our retina; however, we still perceive it as rectangular. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?
Shape Consistency
Imagine your friend walking toward you in the hall at school. As your friend gets closer, the image cast on your retina
The image gets larger
An integrated understanding of perception in terms of our sensory capabilities, cultural contexts, and Gesalt principles is most clearly provided by
A biopsychosocial approach
Parapsychology refers to
A field of study concerned with the investigation of paranormal and psychic phenomena, including ESP and psychokinesis
A perception set is
A mental predisposition that influences what we perceive
The cochlea is
A spiral shaped, fluid filled, tube in the inner ear where transduction occurs
Taste and smell are both what kind of senses
Chemical senses
The minimum amount of stimulation a person needs to detect a stimulus 50% of the time is called
Absolute threshold
A gesalt is best described as
An organized whole
Kinesthesia refers to _______
Awareness of the position and movement of the body
Hair cells line the surface of the
Basilar Membrane
A subliminal message is one that is presented
Below on's absolute threshold for awareness
Mr. Logwood's eyewitness perceptions of a car accident were influenced by his inborn ways of organizing sensory experiences, his learned schemas, and by other eyewitnesses' reactions to the car accident. An integrated understanding of Mr. Longwood's perceptions of the accident is most clearly provided by
Biopsychological approach
Trying to see a hidden representational image in a piece of abstract art by looking carefully at each element in the picture and trying to form an image employs which kind of perceptual process...?
Bottom-up processing
Light-wave amplitude determines the
Brightness
When Jason briefly turned to summon the waiter, his wife quickly switched her glass of red wine with his glass of white wine. Jason's failure to notice that his chosen wine had been replaced best illustrates
Change Blindness
Sensation is to ________ as perception is to _______.
Detection; interpretation
The perceived size of an object is most strongly influenced by that object's perceived
Distance
ESP refers to
Extra Sensory Perception
Intensity is to brightness as wavelength is to _______
Frequency
Visual information is processed by
Ganglion cells before it is processed by feature detectors
Perceptual Adaptation refers to the
In vision, the ability ro adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field
Because she was listening to the news on the radio, Ms. Schultz didn't perceive a word her husband was saying. Her experience best illustrates ______
Inattentional Blindness
Standing in the checkout line at the grocery, Jerry kept looking at his watch to see the time. As a result, he failed to see that a store employee being robbed by a person just in front of him. Jerry most clearly suffered
Inattentional Blindness
Who emphasized that perceptual understanding comes from inborn ways of organizing sensory experience
Kant
Objects are brought into focus on the retina by changes in the curvature and thickness of the
Lens
On a cloudy day a yellow flower is likely to appear _______ is does on a bright sunny day
Less bright
If we see two of the same object, but one of them appears to be dimmer, we will interpret the dimmer object as farther away. What is this monocular cue for depth called
Light and shadow
Cocking your head would be most useful for detecting the _______ of sound.
Location
Andre claims that he can make a broken watch begin to run again simply by entering a state of intense mental concentration. Andre is claiming to possess the power of
Overconfidence
The ability to simaltaneouslt process the pitch, loudness, melody and meaning of a song illustrates
Parallel Processing
As the brain receives information about the lines, angles and edges of objects in the environment, higher-level cells process and interpret the information to consciously recognize objects. This process best illustrates
Perception
The process by which we select, organize, and interpret sensory information in order to recognize meaningful objects and events is called
Perception
Although he was wearing a pair of glasses that shifted the apparent location of objects 20 degrees to his right, Lars was still able to play tennis effectively. This best illustrates the value of ________
Perceptual Adaptation
After learning that her new school friend had experienced several episodes of depression during junior high, Erin incorrectly perceived her friend's laughter as artificial and phony. This best illustrates the impact of
Perceptual Set
As Maria and her little brother looked up at the clouds, he exclaimed, "That one looks like a giant dinosaur!" Maria thought it looked more like a giant duck. Which of the following concepts best explains their different interpretations of the same ambiguous stimuli?
Perceptual Set
After watching a scary television movie, Julie perceived the noise of the wind rattling her front windows as the sound of a burglar breaking into her house. Her mistaken interpretation best illustrates the influence of _______.
Perceptual set
Stereotypes are mental conceptions that can strongly influence the way we interpret the behaviors of individuals belonging to specific racial or ethnic groups. A stereotype is most similar to ______
Perceptual set
The sequentially flashing Christmas tree lights appeared to generate pulsating waves of motion. This best illustrates
Phi Phenomenon
Complete sensation in the absence of complete perception is best illustrated by
Prosopagnosia
The adjustable opening in the center of the eye is the
Pupil
Feature detectors
Receive information from individual ganglion cells in the retina and respond to a scene's specific features- to particular edges, lines, angles and movements
Renny knew that the red tulip was closer to her than the yellow tulip because the red one cast a larger retinal image than the yellow one. This illustrates the importance of distance cue known as
Relative Size
Bipolar Cells are located in the _____
Retina
Which cells for visual processing are located closest to the back of the retina?
Rods and Cones
Under very dim levels of illumination
Rods are more light sensitive than cones
As you look at an apple, its reflected light travels to the eye. The rods and cones absorb the light and help transmit the information to the brain. The process best illustrates _________.
Sensation
The process of receiving and representing stimulus energies by the nervous system is called
Sensation
Hearing a sequence of sounds of different pitches is to ___________ as recognizing the sound sequence as a familiar melody is to ___________.
Sensation; Perception
Which theory emphasizes that personal expectations and motivations influence the level of absolute thresholds
Signal Detection Theory
The Volley principle is most directly relevant to our perception of _________
Sound/Hearing
The perception that Bugs Bunny is hopping across a movie screen best illustrates
Stroboscopic movement
Opponent-process cells have been located in the _________
Thalamus
Experiencing a green afterimage of a red object is most easily explained by
The opponent process theory
Patient's negative expectations about the outcome of surgical procedure can increase their postoperative experience of pain. This best illustrates the importance of
Top Down Processing
Movement of the hair cells along the basilar membrane
Triggers impulses in the adjacent nerve cells. Axons of those cells converge to form the auditory nerve
Damage to the fovea would have the greatest affect on
Visual Activity
The principle that two stimuli must differ by a constant proportion fir their difference to be perceived is known as
Weber's Law
The coiled, fluid-filled tube in which sound waves trigger nerve impulses is called the
cochlea
The pitch, loudness, melody and meaning, of the song best illustrates
parallel processing
The philosopher John Locke believed that
people's personality was due to nature