Psychology Test Unit 4

Some people are better than others at detecting slight variations in the tastes of various blends of coffee. This best illustrates the importance of

difference thresholds

Accomodation refers to the

diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus

Dilation and construction of the pupil are controlled by the

iris

Tinnitus is phantom _____ sensation

limb

Many hard-of-hearing people sound compressed because they remain sensitive to ________

loud sounds

Bottom-up processing involves processing that begins with the ___________

sensory receptors

When visually deprived infant monkeys were first allowed to seem they could not visually distinguish

Circles from squares

The retina is to the eye as the ______ is to the ear.

Cochlea

Photos of people were rated more positively if photos immediately followed a flashed image of kittens. This best illustrates the impact of ______

Context Effects

The horizon Moon appears to shrink in size if is viewed through a narrow tube that eliminates the perception of distance cues. This best illustrates the importance of

Context effects or Moon Illusion

As a door opensm it casts an increasingly trapezoidal shape on our retina; however, we still perceive it as rectangular. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?

Shape Consistency

Imagine your friend walking toward you in the hall at school. As your friend gets closer, the image cast on your retina

The image gets larger

An integrated understanding of perception in terms of our sensory capabilities, cultural contexts, and Gesalt principles is most clearly provided by

A biopsychosocial approach

Parapsychology refers to

A field of study concerned with the investigation of paranormal and psychic phenomena, including ESP and psychokinesis

A perception set is

A mental predisposition that influences what we perceive

The cochlea is

A spiral shaped, fluid filled, tube in the inner ear where transduction occurs

Taste and smell are both what kind of senses

Chemical senses

The minimum amount of stimulation a person needs to detect a stimulus 50% of the time is called

Absolute threshold

A gesalt is best described as

An organized whole

Kinesthesia refers to _______

Awareness of the position and movement of the body

Hair cells line the surface of the

Basilar Membrane

A subliminal message is one that is presented

Below on's absolute threshold for awareness

Mr. Logwood's eyewitness perceptions of a car accident were influenced by his inborn ways of organizing sensory experiences, his learned schemas, and by other eyewitnesses' reactions to the car accident. An integrated understanding of Mr. Longwood's perceptions of the accident is most clearly provided by

Biopsychological approach

Trying to see a hidden representational image in a piece of abstract art by looking carefully at each element in the picture and trying to form an image employs which kind of perceptual process...?

Bottom-up processing

Light-wave amplitude determines the

Brightness

When Jason briefly turned to summon the waiter, his wife quickly switched her glass of red wine with his glass of white wine. Jason's failure to notice that his chosen wine had been replaced best illustrates

Change Blindness

Sensation is to ________ as perception is to _______.

Detection; interpretation

The perceived size of an object is most strongly influenced by that object's perceived

Distance

ESP refers to

Extra Sensory Perception

Intensity is to brightness as wavelength is to _______

Frequency

Visual information is processed by

Ganglion cells before it is processed by feature detectors

Perceptual Adaptation refers to the

In vision, the ability ro adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field

Because she was listening to the news on the radio, Ms. Schultz didn't perceive a word her husband was saying. Her experience best illustrates ______

Inattentional Blindness

Standing in the checkout line at the grocery, Jerry kept looking at his watch to see the time. As a result, he failed to see that a store employee being robbed by a person just in front of him. Jerry most clearly suffered

Inattentional Blindness

Who emphasized that perceptual understanding comes from inborn ways of organizing sensory experience

Kant

Objects are brought into focus on the retina by changes in the curvature and thickness of the

Lens

On a cloudy day a yellow flower is likely to appear _______ is does on a bright sunny day

Less bright

If we see two of the same object, but one of them appears to be dimmer, we will interpret the dimmer object as farther away. What is this monocular cue for depth called

Light and shadow

Cocking your head would be most useful for detecting the _______ of sound.

Location

Andre claims that he can make a broken watch begin to run again simply by entering a state of intense mental concentration. Andre is claiming to possess the power of

Overconfidence

The ability to simaltaneouslt process the pitch, loudness, melody and meaning of a song illustrates

Parallel Processing

As the brain receives information about the lines, angles and edges of objects in the environment, higher-level cells process and interpret the information to consciously recognize objects. This process best illustrates

Perception

The process by which we select, organize, and interpret sensory information in order to recognize meaningful objects and events is called

Perception

Although he was wearing a pair of glasses that shifted the apparent location of objects 20 degrees to his right, Lars was still able to play tennis effectively. This best illustrates the value of ________

Perceptual Adaptation

After learning that her new school friend had experienced several episodes of depression during junior high, Erin incorrectly perceived her friend's laughter as artificial and phony. This best illustrates the impact of

Perceptual Set

As Maria and her little brother looked up at the clouds, he exclaimed, "That one looks like a giant dinosaur!" Maria thought it looked more like a giant duck. Which of the following concepts best explains their different interpretations of the same ambiguous stimuli?

Perceptual Set

After watching a scary television movie, Julie perceived the noise of the wind rattling her front windows as the sound of a burglar breaking into her house. Her mistaken interpretation best illustrates the influence of _______.

Perceptual set

Stereotypes are mental conceptions that can strongly influence the way we interpret the behaviors of individuals belonging to specific racial or ethnic groups. A stereotype is most similar to ______

Perceptual set

The sequentially flashing Christmas tree lights appeared to generate pulsating waves of motion. This best illustrates

Phi Phenomenon

Complete sensation in the absence of complete perception is best illustrated by

Prosopagnosia

The adjustable opening in the center of the eye is the

Pupil

Feature detectors

Receive information from individual ganglion cells in the retina and respond to a scene's specific features- to particular edges, lines, angles and movements

Renny knew that the red tulip was closer to her than the yellow tulip because the red one cast a larger retinal image than the yellow one. This illustrates the importance of distance cue known as

Relative Size

Bipolar Cells are located in the _____

Retina

Which cells for visual processing are located closest to the back of the retina?

Rods and Cones

Under very dim levels of illumination

Rods are more light sensitive than cones

As you look at an apple, its reflected light travels to the eye. The rods and cones absorb the light and help transmit the information to the brain. The process best illustrates _________.

Sensation

The process of receiving and representing stimulus energies by the nervous system is called

Sensation

Hearing a sequence of sounds of different pitches is to ___________ as recognizing the sound sequence as a familiar melody is to ___________.

Sensation; Perception

Which theory emphasizes that personal expectations and motivations influence the level of absolute thresholds

Signal Detection Theory

The Volley principle is most directly relevant to our perception of _________

Sound/Hearing

The perception that Bugs Bunny is hopping across a movie screen best illustrates

Stroboscopic movement

Opponent-process cells have been located in the _________

Thalamus

Experiencing a green afterimage of a red object is most easily explained by

The opponent process theory

Patient's negative expectations about the outcome of surgical procedure can increase their postoperative experience of pain. This best illustrates the importance of

Top Down Processing

Movement of the hair cells along the basilar membrane

Triggers impulses in the adjacent nerve cells. Axons of those cells converge to form the auditory nerve

Damage to the fovea would have the greatest affect on

Visual Activity

The principle that two stimuli must differ by a constant proportion fir their difference to be perceived is known as

Weber's Law

The coiled, fluid-filled tube in which sound waves trigger nerve impulses is called the

cochlea

The pitch, loudness, melody and meaning, of the song best illustrates

parallel processing

The philosopher John Locke believed that

people's personality was due to nature