Psychology- Topic test- 96%
The process of discrimination allows one to react in different ways to similar stimuli. T/F.
-T
A discriminative stimulus is a cue that the reward may be forthcoming for a certain behavior. T/F.
T
In operant conditioning, many complex behaviors are learned through shaping.T/F.
T
In operant conditioning, the consequence shapes the behavior.T/F.
T
Observable behaviors include both learned behaviors and instinctive behaviors.T/F.
T
When a behavior is highly resistant to extinction, the organism takes longer to stop responding after a reinforcement is no longer given.T/F.
T
All of the following are shaped by learned behavior except __________. A. innate reflexes B. personality traits C. emotional responses D. personal habits
A. -innate reflexes
Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows. Glenda is a gymnast. She performs a perfect triple backflip off the high bars. After landing successfully, the crowd erupts in applause. Which type of operant conditioning is occurring in the scenario? A. positive reinforcement B. negative reinforcement C. positive punishment D. negative punishment
A. -positive reinforcement
Which behavior is a learned behavior? A. baby sea turtles moving from land to sea B. dog responding to owner's command C. knee jerk reaction when tested by a doctorD.being startled at a loud noise
B. -dog responding to owner's command
Reinforcement is used to __________ behavior. A. discourage B. encourage C. extinguish D. understand
B. -encourage
Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows. Justine starts yelling in the store when she wants something. Her parents buy her a toy in order to get Justine to stop yelling. What type of conditioning is shaping the parents' behavior? A. positive reinforcement B. negative reinforcement C. positive punishment D. negative punishment
B. -negative reinforcement
Lighting a fire on a cold night to get warm is an example of a positive reinforcement. T/F.
F
Research has indicated that physical punishment is the most effective kind of punishment.T/F.
F
Which of the following psychologists is most closely identified with operant conditioning? A. Sigmund Freud B. John B. Watson C. B. F. Skinner D. Ivan Pavlov
C. -B.F. Skinner
Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows. Edward spends a lot of time studying for his exams. He usually takes practice exams when he studies. During his study time, he drinks a lot of soda and coffee. When he takes his actual exams in class, he is frequently bothered by a strong urge to have soda or coffee. What is the conditioned response (CR) in this scenario? A. spending time studying B. taking practice exams C. craving soda and coffee D. drinking soda and coffee
C. -Craving soda and coffee
Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows. Duke is practicing his spelling in the classroom. Duke is going to receive reinforcement after six demonstrations of the target behavior, which is spelling a word correctly. Which of the following statements is true? A. Duke is on a fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement. B. Duke is on a variable-interval schedule of reinforcement. C. Duke is on a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement. D. Duke is on a variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement.
C. -Duke is on a fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement.
Which of the following is typically a result of learning? A. loss of hair and balding B. diminishment of vision C. Improvment in coordination D. increase in muscle density
C. -Improvement in coordination
Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows. Francis enjoys spending time with his girlfriend, Carla. Carla will often eat a large number of grilled onions before spending time with Francis. One day, Francis walks by a hot dog stand and smells some fresh grilled onions. Suddenly, Francis has a great desire to see Carla. What is the neutral stimulus (NS) in this scenario? A. spending time with Carla B. a hot dog stand C. grilled onions D. spending time with Francis
C. -grilled onions
Behavior that happens automatically without conscious input is called __________ behavior. A. learned B. organized C. innate D. spontaneous
C. -innate
The continued display of a behavior after reinforcement has been removed is known as ___________. A. discriminative stimulus B. negative punishment C. resistance to extinction D. secondary reinforcement
C. -resistance to extinction
Which operant conditioning process must researchers use to encourage closer and closer approximations of a target behavior? A. stimulus generalization B. acquisition C. extinction D. shaping
D. -shaping
All behaviors occur only after conscious thought. T/F.
F
B. F. Skinner is responsible for establishing the law of effect. T/F.
F
Both learned and innate behavior can occur as a result of automatic processes. T/F.
F
Humans do not have innate behaviors. T/F.
F
