Psychology Unit 1: Ch 1,2,3,4

Function of norepinephrine

involved in general arousal and learning and memory

pituitary gland

lies below the hypothalamus and is dubbed the "master gland."

Population

Complete group of interest to researchers, from which a sample is drawn

Purpose of a split brain operation

Confine seizures to one hemisphere of the cerebral cortex

Amygdala

Connected with aggressive behavior in monkeys, cats, and other animals

glial cells

remove dead neurons and waste products from the nervous system, nourish and insulate neurons, and form myelin

The phenotype

represents an interaction of one's nature and nurture

Behaviorism

school of psychology that focuses on learning observable conduct.

True of behaviorism

Define psychology as the scientific study of behavior, not of behavior and mental processes

Cognitive Perspective

venture into the realm of mental processes such as sensation and perception, memory, intelligence, language, thought, and problem solving to understand human nature

In the context of behavioral genetics,

Heredity is apparently involved in psychological disorders ranging from anxiety and depression to personality disorders.

the survey method

Julie's research work requires her to interview a sample of 200 people within two months. She needs a quick method of observation by which she can consolidate the data from her questionnaires without taking too much time. Which of the following methods should be recommended for Julie?

Broca's Aphasia

Phoebe recently suffered a major fall in which she sustained brain injuries. Since then, she has had immense difficulty in communicating with others. She appears to understand what is said to her, but her responses are slow and laborious. Her sentences are always incomplete with important grammatical words missing. Which of the following conditions best reflects Phoebe's case

Function of the medulla of the brain

Plays roles in sleeping, sneezing, and coughing

Down syndrome

Presence of an extra chromosome on the 21st pair

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone

Refers to a time when a neuron is insensitive to messages from other neurons and does not fire

function of the iris

Regulating the amount of light that enters the eye

Nature

Related to one's genotype

Defining feature of psychoanalysis

The emphasis on unconscious ideas and impulses

In the context of the pitch and loudness of sound

The greater the number of cycles per second (Hz), the higher the pitch of the sound

True of biologically oriented psychologists

They study the role of heredity in behavior and mental processes such as psychological disorders, criminal behavior, and thinking

In the context of the brain's language functions

Those with Wernicke's aphasia usually speak freely and with proper syntax

Which is a goal of psychology?

To explain behavior and mental processes

Pure Research

____ has no immediate application to personal or social problems and has therefore been characterized as research for its own sake.

Heredity

__________ defines one's nature, which is based on biological structures and processes.

Genetic Code

best describes the nucleotides found along just one of the rungs of a molecular ladder?

pons

bulge in the hindbrain that lies forward of the medulla and transmits information about body movement.

Biological Perspective

focus on the evolution of behavior and mental processes

Industrial Psychologist

focuses on the relationship between people and their work.

William James

founder of the school of functionalism

Prefrontal cortex

"executive center" of the brain, where decisions are made to keep information in working memory and to solve problems.

Best describes association areas

Areas of the cerebral cortex that are not primarily involved in sensation or motor activity

Structuralists

Believed that the mind functions by combining objective and subjective elements of experience

Afferent neurons

Bobby was standing in line to purchase a movie ticket. All of a sudden, the man in front of him took a few steps back and stepped on Bobby's foot. Bobby had an immediate sensation of pain. This sensation was transmitted via the spinal cord to the brain through _____

Melatonin

Emily suffers from insomnia. When she went to see a doctor, she was told that her sleeplessness was caused by the deficiency of a particular hormone. The doctor then gave her sleeping pills containing the same. Which is the hormone in question

Likely consequence of low thyroxin secretion in adults

Feel tired and sluggish and may put on weight

Epinephrine

Intensifies most emotions and is central to the experience of fear and anxiety

True of the humanistic-existential perspective

It views people as free to choose and as being responsible for choosing their own behavior

dopamine

Nicotine, alcohol, and many other drugs are pleasurable because they heighten levels of

Sample

Of this study, he has selected a group of university students, male and female, in the age group of 18 to 24 years. These students have been using the new methods of learning. In terms of research methodology, this group best describes a ___

Acetylcholine

Paul is a fifty-five-year-old man who has been having some difficulty recalling important details. On visiting a doctor, he was told that he was in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. The deficiency of _________ is most likely to be linked to Paul's condition.

In the context of the limbic system,

People with hippocampal damage cannot permanently store new information

Corpus callosum

People with severe cases of epilepsy have split-brain operations in which much of the _______ is severed.

Psychoanalyst

Sean believes that many of our unconscious ideas and impulses stem from our childhood conflicts. Based on his beliefs, it can be said that Sean is a ______.

Difference between the thalamus and the hypothalamus

Thalamus serves as a relay station for sensory stimulation, whereas the hypothalamus controls the regulation of body temperature, concentration of fluids, storage of nutrients, and motivation and emotion

Cretinism

Thyroxin deficiency in children can lead to ________ , which is a condition characterized by stunted growth and mental retardation

Polygenic

Traits such as sociability and aggressiveness are thought to be

In the context of perceptual organization

When figure-ground relationships are ambiguous, or capable of being interpreted in various ways, our perceptions tend to be unstable and shift back and forth

Gender

Which of the following is an important factor emphasized by the sociocultural perspective in understanding behavior and mental processes

Neoanalysts

Which of the following terms refers to contemporary psychologists who follow theories derived from Freud

Structuralism

Wilhelm Wundt and his students founded the school of psychology called

Epinephrine

Will was driving down a road one night. Suddenly, he noticed a man trying to cross the road just a little away from the car. Will felt an intense fear and immediately became alert and slammed the breaks down hard, missing the man by inches. Which hormone was responsible for this reaction?

Biological Perspective

Works on the assumption that thoughts, fantasies, and dreams—and the inborn or instinctive behavior patterns of various species—are made possible by the nervous system and especially by the brain.

Survey

distributing questionnaires and analyzing answers with a computer, psychologists can study many thousands of people at a time

Humanistic-existential

grounded in the work of Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

Synapse

neuron relays its message to another neuron across a junction called

Serotonin

neurotransmitter involved in emotional arousal and sleep

Acetylcholine

neurotransmitter that controls muscle contraction

all-or-none principle

refers to the fact that a neuron fires an impulse of the same strength whenever its action potential is triggered

Function of prolactin

regulates maternal behavior in lower mammals such as rats

Hypothalamus

stimulation of various areas of the __________ can trigger instinctual behaviors such as fighting, mating, or nest building

Humanism

stresses people's capacities for self-fulfillment and the central roles of consciousness, self-awareness, and decision making

Critical Thinking

way of evaluating the claims and comments of other people that involves skepticism and examination of evidence