Psychology unit 1 test chap 1-4 study review

In order to study mind and behavior, psychologists a. rely on the scientific method b. use their intuition c. consult a magic 8 ball d. take careful notes while watching talk shows

a. rely on the scientific method

psychology includes the study of a. perception b. emotions c. physiological processes d. all of the above

d. all of the above

the neurotransmitter dopamine is involved in a. attention and learning b. pleasure and reward. c. schizophrenia d. all of these

d. all of these

sleepwalking is most likely to occur in a. stage 2 b. REM c. stage 1 d. stage 4

d. stage 4

Xi needs to stay awake another hour to study for his English final, so he drinks several cups of cola. When he's done studying, he finds that he can't sleep even though he wants to, he feels agitated, his muscles twitch, his heartbeat is irregular, and he feels nauseated. What is causing Xi to feel this way? a. caffeine b. insomnia c. narcolepsy d. sugar

a. caffeine

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a mysterious killer of infants who die in their sleep. what my be the leading caused for SIDS? a. sleep apnea b. insomnia c. poor parenting d. restlessness

a. sleep apnea

REM stands for a. random eye movements b. rapid eye movements c. random encephalographic memory d. rapid encoding memory

b. rapid eye movements

what dream theory states that actual wishes an individual expresses in dreams are disguised because they are threatening to the person's conscious awareness? a. dream-for-survival b. unconscious wish fulfillment c. activation-synthesis d. none of the above

b. unconscious wish fulfillment

hypothalamus

biological needs: hunger, thrist, temp.

corpus callosum

bridge that passes information

________ is most well-known for proposing his hierarchy of needs a. william chomsky b. carl rogers c. abraham maslow d. sigmund freud

c. abraham maslow

similar to a bullet firing from a gun, a neuron either fires completely or not at all. this is known as the ______ law. a. big-bang b. fires-or-not c. all-or-none d. on-or-off

c. all-or-none

the fundamental units of the nervous system are nerve cells called, a. axons b. glial cells c. neurons. d. neurotransmitters

c. neurons

_____ is one of the group of sleep disorders in which unwanted, disruptive motor activity and/or experiences during sleep play a role a. insomnia b. NREM phase c. parasomnia d. REM phase

c. parasomnia

An individual's consistent pattern of thought and behavior is known as a(n) ________. a. psychosexual stage b. object permanence c. personality d. perception

c. personality

terminal buttons contain a. electrical impulses b. glial cells d. neurotransmitters d. none of the above

d. neurotransmitters

Crack is considered more addictive than cocaine because it is ________. a. cheaper, so people can afford more of it b. easier to get, so people can take more at once c. frequently smoked in combination with pharmaceuticals d. smokable so it reaches the brain more quickly

d. smokable so it reaches the brain more quickly

what theory explains the result of random activation of various memories which are tied together in a logical story line? a. activation-synthesis theory d. Dreams-for-survival theory c. unconscious wish fulfillment theory d. all of the above

a. activation-synthesis theory

the _______ division specializes in the control of the heart, lungs, and other organs that function involuntary a. autonomic b. somatic c. sympathetic d. parasympathetic

a. autonomic

a researcher interested in how changes in the cell of the hippocampus (a structure in the brain related to learning and memory) are related to memory information would be most likely to identify as a ________ psychologist. a. biological b. health c. clinical d. social

a. biological

how are hormones similar to neurotransmitters? a. both are chemical messengers. b. both are carried in the blood stream c. their speed and mode of transmission are similar d. all of these

a. both are chemical messengers

Who described the collective unconscious? a. carl jung b. john hobson c. rosalind cartwright d. sigmund freud

a. carl jung

an individual who wakes up 500 times during the night without being aware of it may have a. narcolepsy b. circadian rhythms c. sleep apnea d. all of the above

a. narcolepsy (*could be wrong)

After Omar falls asleep he feels a sense of panic, screams, and attempts to escape from his room. Which parasomnia does Omar have? a. night terrors b. REM sleep behavior disorder c. restless leg syndrome d. sleep apnea

a. night terrors

the operant conditioning chamber (AKA ________ box) is a device used to study the principles of operant conditioning a. skinner b. watson c. james d. koffka

a. skinner

neurotransmitters carry a. messages across the synapses to other neurons b. excitatory messages that make it more likely that a neuron will fire c. inhibitor messages that make it less likely that a neuron will fire d. all of the above

d. all of the above

psychologists refer to our ongoing experiences of ourselves, our thoughts and feelings, and our environment as a. perception b. intelligence c. cognition d. consciousness

d. consciousness

dreams for survival theory suggest that drams permit information that is critical for a. brain download. b. REM sleep c. filling the wishes the dreamer wants d. daily surval to be reconsidered and processed

d. daily surval to be reconsidered and processed

in the scientific method, a hypothesis is a ________. a. observation b. measurement c. test d. proposed explanation

d. proposed observation

this neurotransmitter affects sleep, appetite, and aggression, among other things a. acetylcholine b. dopamine c. endorphins d. serotonin

d. serotonin

which theorist described dreams as having manifest and latent content? a. carl jung b. john hobson c. rosalind cartwright d. sigmund freud

d. sigmund freud

which state is marked by relatively low levels of physical activity and reduced sensory awareness that is distinct from periods of rest while awake? a. circadian b. consciousness c. jet lag d. sleep

d. sleep

Cocaine is considered a ________ drug because it tends to increase overall levels of neural activity. a. antipsychotic b. depressant c. hallucinogen d. stimulant

d. stimulant

Compare your forearm, hand, and fingers to a neuron. In such an analogy, the dendrites are your:

fingers

Hamid is a 9-1-1 operator. When the blizzard began, he was told he would have to stay and work three extra shifts to cover for coworkers who were not able to drive to work through the storm. After 32 hours of exhausting work, he makes it home and discovers he is unable to fall asleep no matter how hard he tries. Hamid may be experiencing ________.

sleep rebound

obstructive sleep apnea occurs when ______

An individual's airway becomes blocked during sleep.

according to freud, latent content of dreams refers to a. the storyline of the dream b. circadian rhythm c. the interpretation d. activation and synthesis of the dream

a. the storyline of the dream (*could be wrong!)

the peripheral nervous system includes:

all the parts of the nervous system other than the brain and spinal cord

a mental state other than an ordinary waking state is a. a state of mental awareness b. an altered state of consciousness c. alertness d. selective attention

b. an altered state of consciousness (*could be wrong)

Your body has designed a "traffic signal" for neurotransmitters. In this system, a "red light" would represent a. an excitatory neurotransmitter b. an inhibitory neurotransmitter c. a combination of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters d. none of these options: one a action potential starts, it never stops

b. an inhibitory neurotransmitter

physical dependence on a drug is indicated by the user experiencing _______ as a result of discontinuing use of the drug a. a return to normal performance levels b. changes in normal bodily functions c. psychological distress d. psychological stress

b. changes in normal bodily functions

alcohol is considered a _______ because it tends to suppress central nervous system activity. a. antipsychotic b. depressant c. hallucinogen d. stimulant

b. depressant

Psyche is a Greek word meaning ________. a. essence b. soul c. behavior d. love

b. soul

Feeling pain, hunger, thirst, sleepiness, and being aware of our thoughts and emotions are all examples of ________ stimuli. a. external b. hypnotic c. internal d. psychoactive

c. internal

the hidden meaning of a dream is called the ____ content a. alpha b. freudian c. latent d. manifest

c. latent

Samek was driving to work when he suddenly felt paralyzed and couldn't resist falling asleep. Samek may have ________. a. a stroke b. damage to his K-complex c. narcolepsy d. REM sleep behavior disorder

c. narcolepsy

what sleep disorder is uncontrollable sleeping for short periods of time while a person is awake? a. insomnia b. depression c. narcolepsy d. agitation

c. narcolepsy

What is the definition of psychology? a. a study of crazy people b. a scientific study of the mind c. the study of the mind, soul and body in relationship to the behavior and mental processes. d. you can't define crazy

c. the study of the mind, soul and body in relationship to the behavior and mental processes.

Glutamate

cognitive; memory

in what way does the endocrine system differ from the nervous system? a. the endocrine system sends chemical messages; the nervous system does not b. the endocrine system sends electrical messages; the nervous system does not c. the endocrine system involves the circulatory system; the nervous system does not. d. both a and c

d. both A and C

at the broadest level, the nervous system is divided into the ______ and the ______ nervous system a. primary; secondary b. somatic; autosomatic c. sympathetic; parasympathetic d. central; peripheral

d. central; peripheral

GABA

memory formation

pituitary gland

regulates the endocrine system- "master gland"

Cerebral coretx

senses

difficulties falling asleep is a. insomnia b. night terrors c. tired. d. affects the mind

a. insomnia

Sleep apnea is defined by ________. a. a sense of panic in the suffere often accompanied by screams and attempts to escape b. episodes during which a sleeper's breathing stops c. uncomfortable sensations in the legs during periods of inactivity or when trying to fall asleep d. unwanted, disruptive motor activity and/or experiences during sleep

b. episodes during which a sleeper's breathing stops

which of the following would be experienced during a euphoric high? a. feelings of despair b. feelings of intense elation and pleasure c. intense tactile sensation d. time distortion

b. feelings of intense elation and pleasure

the sleep debt is the result of ________. a. high levels of sensory awareness, thought and behavior b. insufficient sleep on a chronic basis c. the circadian rhythm d. travel from one time zone to another

b. insufficient sleep on a chronic basis

in a ______ dream, people become aware that they are dreaming and can control the dream's content a. k-complex b. lucid c. REM d. theta wave

b. lucid

circadian rhythms refers are a. patterns that repeat themselves on a twice daily schedule b. rhythmic processes in your brain c. biological changes that occur on a 24 hour cycle d. physical and mental changes associated with the cycle of the moon

c. biological changes that occur on a 24 hour cycle

Seeing the light from the sun, feeling the warmth of a room, and hearing the voice of a friend are all examples of ________ stimuli. a. conscious b. epidermal c. external d. peripheral

c. external

Victoria has accumulated a large sleep debt. This means that she ________. a. falls asleep in the middle of the day b. sleeps more than 12 hours every night c. suffers from chronic sleep deprivation d. suffers from insomnia due to large amounts of debt

c. suffers from chronic sleep deprivation

Tayla smokes marijuana. At first, just a few inhalations were enough to cloud her mind. Over time, she needs to smoke more and more to achieve the same affect. This is an example of ________. a. physical dependence b. psychological dependence c. tolerance d. withdrawal

c. tolerance

according to your textbook, psychology is defined as a. the science of behavior b. the study of mental processes c. the study of mental disorders and their treatment d. the study of behavior and mental processes

d. the study of behavior and mental processes

Thalmus

handles incoming and outgoing signals

While ________ is generally achieved through the interaction of a therapist and the person being treated, an individual can perform ________ alone.

hypnosis; meditation

acetylcholine

movement, memory; cognitive

pons

sleep and arousal

the two major divisions of the peripheral nervous system are the _______ and the _______ davidsons. a. somatic; autonomic b. sympathetic; parasympathetic c. different; efferent d. sensory; motor

a. somatic; autonomic

where do the majority of psychology majors work? a. clinical: hospital, private practices, and managed care b. education: academics and school districts c. business, government, other d. human services e. other

b. education: academics and school districts

what hormone does the pineal gland release? a. insulin b. melatonin c. estergon d. testosterone

b. melatonin

which of the following is true regarding hypnosis? a. everyone can be hypnotized. b. only those willing can be hypnotized c. about half the population can be hypnotized d. most people cannot be hypnotized.

b. only those willing can be hypnotized

Sleepwalking, night terrors, and restless leg syndrome are all examples of________. a. lucid dreaming b. parasomnias c. protoconsciousness d. somnambulism

b. parasomnias

Ali is aware of his feelings, emotions, and thoughts. He is also aware of his surroundings, the warmth of the sun, and the sound of nearby traffic. Ali is in a state of ________.

consciousness

a synapse is a: a. chemical b. signal c. joint d. gap

d. gap

Isla is describing her dream to a friend. She explains that in her dream she being chased by zombies and she escaped them by hiding in a refrigerator. Her description of her dream is focused on ________ content. a. freudian b. jungian c. latent d. manifest

d. manifest

the brain and the spinal cord constitute the ________ nervous system a. central b. peripheral c. primary d. autonomic

a. central

the ________ rhythm is the biological rhythm that occurs over approximately 24 hours a. circadian b. homeostatic c. meta d. pineal

a. circadian

what can you do to realign your biological clock with the external world when you work a rotating shift? a. expose yourself to bright light while working b. surround yourself with darkness while working c. take a break every hour to exercise for five minuets d. take regular naps throughout the day

a. expose yourself to bright light while working

which term describes the tendency to maintain a balance, or optimal level, within a biological system a. homeostasis b. insomnia c. melatonin d. rhythm

a. homeostasis

Electrical wires are generally protected by a tube of plastic. A similar insulating function is performed in the nervous system by the a. myelin sheaths b. glial cells c. terminal buttons d. none of these

a. myelin sheaths

reticular function

Network of Neurons- Sleep, arousal, attention

Dopamine

happy

when conducting research ethics, confidentiality, and using the scientific method ae key factors to remember. true or false?

true.

Medula

unconscious; breathing circulation

Cerebellum

Balance

which of the following was mentioned as a skill to which psychology students would be exposed? A. critical thinking B. use of the scientific method C. Critical evaluation of sources of information D. all of the above

D. All of the above

Melatonin release is stimulated by ________ and inhibited by ________.

darkness; light

Why can amphetamines be used to treat ADHD in children? a. they decrease neurotransmitter activity within certain areas of the brain associated with hyperactivity b. they decrease neurotransmitter activity within certain areas of the brain associated with impulse control c. they increase neurotransmitter activity within certain areas of the brain associated with emotions d. they increase neurotransmitter activity within certain areas of the brain associated with impulse control

d. they increase neurotransmitter activity within certain areas of the brain associated with impulse control

Rogers believed that providing genuineness, empathy, and ________ in the therapeutic environment for his clients was critical to their being able to deal with their problems. a. structuralism b. functionalism c. gestalt d. unconditional positive regard

d. unconditional positive regard

the route followed by nerve impulses when one neuron communicates with another

dendrite to cell body to axon (*could be wrong)

The major parts of a neuron are

dendrites, axon, and terminal buttons

serotonin

depression, perception, pain

Tariq depends on cigarettes to relieve his stress, though he smokes so infrequently that he experiences no significant, noticeable physical symptoms when he is not smoking. What does this exemplify? a. physical dependence b. psychological dependence. c. tolerance d. withdrawal

b. psychological dependence.

according to the text, who was the theorist involved with the creation of unconscious wish fulfillment theory? a. allan hobson c. erik erikson d. none of the above

b. sigmund freud

the _______ division specializes in the control of voluntary movements a. autonomic b. somatic c. sympathetic d. parasympathetic

b. somatic

according to freud, manifest content of dreams refers to a. the sleeping pattern b. the hidden meaning c. the circadian rhythm d. the story line of the dream

b. the hidden meaning (*could be wrong)

which of the following is NOT one of the functions of glial cells? a. they nourish nerve cells b. they communicate messages within the nervous system c. they help repair damage that might occur to neurons d. all of these are functions of glial cell

b. they communicate messages within the nervous system

Before psychology became a recognized academic discipline, matters of the mind were undertaken by those in ________. a. biology b. chemistry c. philosophy d. physics

c. philosophy

Which researcher believed that dreams simply reflect life events that are important to the dreamer? a. carl jung b. john hobson c. rosalind cartwright d. sigmund freud

c. rosalind cartwright