PTAP 1400 Exam 2

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talocrural joint aka carpenters mortise

1 degree of freedom plantar & dorsi flexion talus, distal tibia, & fibula sagital plane

what is the ROM when the ankle is everted

15 degrees

subtalar joint

2 degrees of freedom inversion & eversion abduction & adduction talus & calcaneus frontal plane

what is the ROM when the ankle is dorsi flexed?

20 degrees

transverse tarsal joint

3 degrees of freedom supination & pronation transverse plane calcaneus, cuboid, talus, & navicular

what is the ROM when the ankle is inverted

35 degrees

what percent is swing phase

40%

what is the ROM when the ankle is plantar flexed

50 degrees

how many muscles are in the posterior compartment

6

what percent is stance phase

60%

What are the different types of end-feels?

Empty end feel soft end feel hard end feel firm end feel

what is the function and nerve of tibialis anterior

F: DF & INVERSION N: Deep peroneal nerve

what is the function and nerve of peroneus tertius

F: DF, eversion N: Deep peroneal nerve

what is the function and nerve of peroneus brevis

F: ankle PF and eversion N: superficial peroneal nerve

What is the function and nerve of extensor hallucis longus

F: extension of 1st metatarsal & DF of ankle N: Deep peroneal nerve

what is the function and nerve of peroneus longus

F: foot eversion & PF N: superficial peroneal nerve

what is the function and nerve of extensor digitorum longus

F: toe extension, DF, eversion N: deep peroneal nerve

MMT grade 5/5

FROM, AG, MAX RESISTANCE

MMT grade 3+/5

FROM, AG, MIN RESISTANCE

MMT grade 4/5

FROM, AG, MOD RESISTANCE

MMT grade 3/5

FROM, AG, NO RESISTANCE

MMT grade 2/5

FROM, GM, NO MANUAL RESISTANCE

do you want substitutions when testing for MMT

False- stabilize the joint

MMT grade 3-/5

GREATER THAN 50%, AROM, NO MANUAL RESISTANCE

MMT grade 2+/5

LESS THAN 50%, AROM, AG, NO MANUAL RESISTANCE

MMT grade 0/5

NO AROM, NO MUSCLE CONTRACTION, GM, NO MANUAL RESISTANCE

MMT grade 1/5

NO AROM, VISIBLE OR PALPABLE MUSCLE CONTRACTION, GM, NO MANUAL RESIST

MMT grade 2-/5

PARTAIAL ROM, GM, NO MANUAL RESISTANCE

MMT - gravity minimized (GM)

Patient is positioned so the movement you are testing is performed parallel to floor. if patient is too weak, they will be unable to go AG.

define shin splints

a common painful condition that may affect the muscles that attach to the medial and posterior side of the tibia.

Contraindications for MMT

a joint dislocation or unhealed bone fracture in the region to be tested acute muscle "strain" immediately following surgical procedure to affected tendon cancer in bone presence of posits ossificans infected joint in region to be tested orders from dr

pronation of the ankle & foot

abduction of the forefoot, calcanea eversion and ankle dorsi flexion.

name the 3 different phases in swing phase

accerlation midswing deceleration

supination of the ankle & foot

adduction of the forefoot, calcanea inversion and ankle plantar flexion.

What is the purpose of MMT

an attempt to objectively quantify muscle strength

what does AFO stand for

ankle foot orthosis- common in CVA aka stroke patients.. needed during "foot flat"

what is hard end feel?

bone on bone ex- elbow extension

what are arches formed by?

bones, ligaments, and tendons

what is the rear foot made up of?

calcaneus & talus

Reliability

can the measurement be reproduced over & over with the same result

what is the mid foot made up of

cuboid navicular 3 cuneiforms

extensor digitorum longus

digits 2-5 extension ankle dorsi flexion foot eversion

contraindications for ROM testing

dislocation or unhealed fracture in the region presence of myositis ossificans infected joint unstable joint

validity

does the measurement device actually measure what it was intended to measure ex) accurate goniometer

what is it called when the tibia moves closer to the ankle?

dorsi flexion

which flexion is referenced as "closed packed"?

dorsi flexion is closed packed. closed packed= greatest stability

tibialias anterior

dorsiflexion and inverts foot

extensor hallucis longus

extension of the big toe and dorsi flexion of the ankle

what is the normal arch measured by

feiss line

pes planus

flat foot decrease in shock absorption increase in ankle pronation malalignment in ankle, knee and hip in internal rotation (IR) and cause values of the knee

define foot drop

foot drops into plantar flexion as leg is advances during swing phase gait

name the superficial group of the posterior compartment

gastrocnemius soleus plantaris F: ankle PF N: tibial nerve

Name the different devices that are used to measure ROM

goniometer inclinometer tape measure

name the 5 different phases in stance phase

heal contact foot flat mid distance heel off toe off

what does the air ankle stirrup do ?

helps stabilize lateral supination motion

Pes Canvus

high arch decrease in shock absorption increase in ankle supination

define flat foot

if dorsiflexion are unable to generate sufficient eccentric activation between heel contact and foot flat, the forefoot quickly makes contact with the ground, and makes a slapping sound as the sole of the foot rapidly hits the floor.

what is the "positive test"

indicates anterior talofibular ligament sprain

when preforming goniometry for talocrural dorsiflexion, how should the knee be?

knee should be positioned in knee flexion to prevent passive insufficient from the gastrocnemius muscle

MMT stands for

manual muscle testing

what is the foots primary shock absorber?

medial longitudinal arch

what is the forefoot made up of

metatarsals phalanges

talofibular & calcaneofubular joint

most common injured due to an INVERSION sprain. if torn, will be hyper mobile

Define substitutions

motions that a patient substitutes inadvertently for the one you want--> trying to use another body part or something else to help you get better MMT/ROM.

describe feiss line

navicular tuberosity is intersected by line formed between medial malleolus and 1st MTP, if line falls below then person has pes plantus (flat foot)

what is within normal limits (WNL)

normal limits for that specific person but can differ from person to person.

How do you preform MMT

one hand stabilizes a proximal body part and one hand resists the motion of the muscle being tested.

MMT Against gravity (AG)

patient is positioned so that the motion you are testing is moving away from the floor, against gravity

describe lateral compartment muscle

peroneus longus & peroneus brevis both preform PF & Eversion

what is it called when the tibia moves posteriorly?

plantar flexion

which flexion is references as "open/loose packed"?

plantar flexion is loose packed. loose packed= not stable

what are the 3 parts of the foot?

rearfoot mid foot forefoot

what does the Thompson test measure

ruptured achilles tendon

what is soft end feel?

soft tissue. muscle gets in the way of flexion. ex-knee/elbow flexion. muscle prevents you from full extension, depending on how big specific muscle is.

what does the anterior draw test, test for?

sprain of the anterior talofibular ligament

what is firm end feel

stretch due to tight muscles and joint capsules *most of the body is firm end feel*

what phase does steppage gait happen in?

swing phase steppgae phase= hip flexion & knee extension

during convex on concave, which bone has a convex: tibia or talus?

talus has a convex tibia had a concave

What is empty end feel?

the limitation of motion is not felt because of the patients limited motion due to pain. no real feel, (swelling)

if someone has a "foot drop"/toe drag, it is because of what?

the paralysis of tibilis anterior

What is manual muscle testing

the therapist uses manual resistance to test strength and quantify the strength of the body part.

intrinsic muscles

they have both proximal and distal attachments within the foot. small and with. ex- brevis & minimize

extrinsic muscles

they have proximal attachments within the lower leg or the distal femur as well as distal attachments within the foot. portion of muscle is outside of the foot

name the deep group of the posterior compartment

tibialis posterior flexor digitorum flexor hallucis longus F: ankle PF N: tibial nerve

what does the taller tilt test, test for?

used to assess a lateral ankle sprain and the integrity of the talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments.

intertester

uses more than 1 tester

intratester

uses the same practionioner

what will happen is the Achilles tendon ruptures?

weakness during plantar flexion


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