Public Health Final

A student asks the nurse at the student health clinic how AIDS is diagnosed. Which of the following statements would be the best response by the nurse? "A diagnosis of AIDS is made when a screening test called an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is confirmed by the Western blot test." "A diagnosis of AIDS is made when antibodies to HIV are detected about 6 weeks to 3 months following possible exposure." "A diagnosis of AIDS is made when antibodies to HIV reach peak levels of 1000/ml of blood." "A diagnosis of AIDS is made when CD4 T lymphocytes drop to less than 200/ml."

"A diagnosis of AIDS is made when CD4 T lymphocytes drop to less than 200/ml."

A group of parish nurses affiliated with a number of faith-based communities located in different regions across the state are attending a quarterly meeting. Which of the following statements made by one of them indicates a lack of understanding of parish nursing? "I always make sure to have new clients sign a release of information form to obtain their health record from their previous parish nurse." "Because I work for and within the church, I am immune from civil laws." "The pastor and I work together for the spiritual health of the community." "Yes, I am happy to pray with my clients and help them worship."

"Because I work for and within the church, I am immune from civil laws."

A woman has just delivered a baby and is lamenting that the baby's father is not with her. She shares with you that he became involved with drugs and is now in prison for theft. The new mother says, "It's so sad. He's clearly no good." Which of the following would be the best response by the nurse? "I'm so sorry to hear that. Is your mother able to be with you?" "It's good that you and the baby are safe from him." "Is there anyone to help you with the baby until the baby's father can be released and encouraged to get treatment for his addiction?" "You must hate him for leaving you alone with a new baby!"

"Is there anyone to help you with the baby until the baby's father can be released and encouraged to get treatment for his addiction?"

According to the Federal Register, which of the following is the minimum income needed by a family of four to meet the basic needs for healthy living (that is, an income below this amount is considered insufficient to provide the food, shelter and clothing needed to preserve health)? a. $16,020 b. $24,300 c. $32,580 d. $40,890

$24,300

A nurse was reading PPD tests 24 hours after another nurse had administered them. Which of the following findings would cause the nurse to interpret the test as positive? 15 mm of erythema in a client with HIV infection 5 mm of induration in an immigrant from a country where TB is endemic A 5-mm ruptured pustule with purulent drainage in a homeless client 10 mm of swelling and increased firmness in a client recently released from a correctional facility

10 mm of swelling and increased firmness in a client recently released from a correctional facility

A public health nurse is hosting an informational meeting for young parents about how to balance their multiple responsibilities. Which of the following parents in attendance would be most at risk for abusing his or her own child? A new mother who has joined a parents' support group A father who is overwhelmed and exhausted by overtime work A depressed father who was laid off from work and is missing his work colleagues A mother who is missing her career challenges and friends but enjoying being home with her baby

A depressed father who was laid off from work and is missing his work colleagues

Which of the following places best describes where the incidence of Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is currently rising? Areas where people share dressing or bathing facilities Daycare centers and schools Long-term care facilities Senior citizen centers

Areas where people share dressing or bathing facilities

Which of the following is the most probable cause of the increase in new emerging infectious diseases? Activities or behavior of humans, including changes in the environment Increasing urbanization and growth in new housing materials New infectious agents are evolving throughout the world Overpopulation in many areas, creating a need to reduce global population

Activities or behavior of humans, including changes in the environment

A nurse is caring for a client of another culture. Which of the following actions would be most appropriate for the nurse to take? a. Alter personal nonverbal behaviors to reflect the cultural norms of the client. b. Keep all behaviors culturally neutral to avoid misinterpretation. c. Rely on friendly gestures to communicate caring for the client. d. Avoid any pretense of prejudice by treating the client in the same way as any other client.

Alter personal nonverbal behaviors to reflect the cultural norms of the client.

Which of the following best describes most Americans' attitude toward immigrants? a. Ambivalence because there are no clear solutions about how to address their needs b. Strongly negative because immigrants take jobs that native-born Americans could have instead c. Strongly positive because immigrants bring useful job skills and often join previous family members already in the United States d. Strong opposition to further immigration because of the increasing population in the United States

Ambivalence because there are no clear solutions about how to address their needs

Which of the following should be the minimum requirement for a nurse to be prepared for home health nursing? An RN license and a baccalaureate degree in a health-related field A baccalaureate degree in nursing and RN licensure An associate's degree in nursing and RN licensure Eligibility for certification as a home health nurse

An associate's degree in nursing and RN licensure

Which of the following biological warfare agents poses the greatest bioterrorism threat to a community? a. Anthrax b. Botulism c. Smallpox d. Tularemia

Anthrax

A nurse is concerned about stress related to the heavy caregiving burden assumed by adult children of older clients. Which of the following actions by the nurse demonstrates the use of secondary prevention to limit caregiver stress? Asking caregivers how they are doing and suggesting coping strategies Encouraging caregivers to periodically leave the house for a couple of hours Establishing support groups for caregivers of older parents Referring some activities to neighbors and friends

Asking caregivers how they are doing and suggesting coping strategies

A nurse is considering accepting the parish nursing position within his congregation. Which of the following educational preparation is crucial for the nurse to have received? Baccalaureate education including community health nursing experience Graduate education in community health nursing Passing the national certifying exam for parish health nursing Worship experiences for the process of ministry

Baccalaureate education including community health nursing experience

A group of nursing students are scheduled to present a program on healthy hearts to various community groups, with a daycare center being the first location. What of the following advice should be given to them by their instructor? Base the program on the audience's development and maturity. Bring (borrow if necessary) a model of the heart to help explain its functioning. Focus on entertaining the learners. Have lots of handouts to reinforce the lesson.

Base the program on the audience's development and maturity.

An occupational health nurse periodically conducts spirometry testing of employees who work around hazardous gases. Which of the following levels of prevention is being implemented? Primary prevention Secondary prevention Tertiary prevention Tertiary care prevention

Secondary prevention

A nurse reviews with the client what the client can expect during the next 3 days, as well as how the client should expect to feel each of those days. The client laughs and says, "You've got my care all mapped out." Which of the following tools is the nurse using to determine what will happen when? Care planning Critical pathway Demand management Use management

Critical pathway

A community citizen reports to the public health nurse that the city water in one neighborhood has had an unusual taste for the past few months. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? a. Check the most recent consumer confidence report. b. Consult the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. c. Notify the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). d. Place a call to the poison control center.

Check the most recent consumer confidence report.

Which of the following statements about children and environmental hazards is correct? a. The prevalence of autism is directly related to the increase in environmental toxins. b. Children are more susceptible to environmental toxins because of their smaller size. c. The incidence of asthma among children has been decreasing. d. Children are more susceptible to cancer if they have a family history of the disease

Children are more susceptible to environmental toxins because of their smaller size.

Which of the following would have been the focus of a school nurse in the early 20th century? a. Investigating causes of absenteeism b. Teaching school as well as being a nurse c. Promoting nursing as an autonomous practice d. Providing medical treatment to enable children to return to school

Investigating causes of absenteeism

A nurse is administering a tuberculosis (TB) skin test to a client who has acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which of the following results should the nurse anticipate when using this screening test? Decreased positive predictive value Decreased reliability Decreased sensitivity Decreased specificity

Decreased sensitivity

Which of the following best describes a principle of care that the nurse should abide by when working with abusive families? Confront the abuser and shame him into penitence and a desire to change. Demonstrate respect for all family members, including the abuser. Exclude the abuser from family meetings because the abuser is the one creating problems. Notify the abuser's clergyman, boss, and others who can exert pressure for change.

Demonstrate respect for all family members, including the abuser.

Which of the following is considered the most important goal in nursing today? a. Adapting to technological advances such as electronic medical records b. Demonstrating caring as the basis of nursing practice c. Distinguishing nursing care from medical care d. Seeking evidence-based outcomes to demonstrate nursing's contribution to care

Demonstrating caring as the basis of nursing practice

A member of a community weight-loss group has maintained a healthy weight for 2 years through healthy eating and daily exercise. Which of the following steps of the affective domain is this participant demonstrating? a. Analysis b. Application c. Evaluation d. Knowledge

Evaluation

The nurse is examining blood lead levels in school-age children 1 year after a community-wide education intervention. Which of the following phases of the nursing process is being implemented? a. Assessment b. Diagnosis c. Intervention d. Evaluation

Evaluation

How can nurses know whether they have been effective in assessing the community and planning and implementing appropriate interventions? a. Ask community leaders for their opinion of the interventions. b. Examine the morbidity and mortality rate of the community. c. Reassess the community to determine whether obvious needs have been met. d. Systematically survey community residents regarding their perception.

Examine the morbidity and mortality rate of the community.

Which of the following is the most rapidly growing group of homeless? Adolescents Families with children Persons in crisis Single men

Families with children

Which of the following is the most likely reason for a man to rape a woman? Because the woman was asking for it For power and control Provoked by the woman's dress and behavior Sexual pleasure and release

For power and control

Which of the following activities are expectations for a school health nurse? Ensuring that children with health problems are accepted by their peers Driving children home if parents can't pick them up Giving emergency care in the school or during school events Giving medications as needed if children are ill

Giving emergency care in the school or during school events

A male client visits the clinic office complaining of a yellow, green discharge from his penis. Which of the following STDs has the client most likely contracted? Gonorrhea Syphilis Herpes simplex virus 2 Human papillomavirus

Gonorrhea

What was the outcome of the Shattuck Report? a. Efforts to control alcohol and drug abuse, as well as tobacco use, were initiated. b. Environmental sanitation efforts became an immediate priority. c. Guidelines for modern public health organizations were eventually developed. d. Local and state governments established boards of health after its publication.

Guidelines for modern public health organizations were eventually developed.

Which of the following approaches has research suggested is the most effective way to approach drug addiction? Criminal justice system Harm reduction Punishment approach Substance abuse education

Harm reduction

A faith community nurse is partnering with a local public health department to develop programs for primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention activities. Which of the following should be used as the primary guide for development? Contemporary articles in nursing journals Evidence-based practice guidelines for treatment of disease Healthy People 2020 goals and objectives Preferences of partners who are funding the programs

Healthy People 2020 goals and objectives

When talking to a women's group at the senior citizens' center, the nurse reminded them that the only way the center would be able to afford to provide transportation services for them would be for them to continue to write letters to their local city council representatives requesting funding for such a service. What was the nurse trying to accomplish through this action? a. Ensure that the women did not expect the nurse to solve their problem. b. Demonstrate that the nurse understood the women's concerns and needs. c. Express empathy, support, and concern. d. Help the women engage in political action.

Help the women engage in political action.

A nurse is counseling a woman following a rape. Which of the following feelings is the woman most likely to state she felt while being raped? Confusion Satisfaction Sexual release Helplessness

Helplessness

Which of the following sexually transmitted diseases can be prevented through immunization? Chlamydia Gonorrhea Hepatitis B Herpes

Hepatitis B

A nurse is assessing a community's openness to change. Which of the following variables indicate that the community is ready? Commitment to current processes and policies High socioeconomic status in the community as a whole Long history of dependence on the community health agency and its staff Minimal level of social participation by community members

High socioeconomic status in the community as a whole

A nurse is assessing a young, single pregnant woman. Which of the following findings would be of most concern? Elevated blood pressure First prenatal visit at 5 months' gestation Homelessness Positive STD test

Homelessness

A nurse is working to improve her self-awareness in order to provide better client-centered care to clients living in poverty. Which of the following questions should the nurse ask herself? What would I do if I lived in poverty? What can be done to get poor people motivated to work? How have the media images of poor persons shaped my image of poverty? How can community resources assist those living in poverty?

How have the media images of poor persons shaped my image of poverty?

Which of the following is the first and most crucial step in a generic ethical decision-making process? a. Assess the context or environment in which the decision must be made. b. Consider the various ethical principles or theories. c. Identify the ethical issues and dilemmas. d. Make a decision and act on it.

Identify the ethical issues and dilemmas.

Which of the following statistics is used by countries to compare the success of their health care systems? Attack rate Infant mortality rate Proportionate mortality ratio Cause-specific mortality rate

Infant mortality rate

A school nurse is demonstrating the use of a peak flow meter to help children with chronic asthma recognize when they need to use a rescue inhaler. Which of the following levels of prevention is being used by the nurse? Primary Secondary Tertiary Both primary and secondary

Tertiary

Which of the following data would most likely be collected in a syndromic surveillance system? Incidence of bioterrorism attacks Number of air travelers Incidence of school absenteeism Number of influenza vaccines administered

Incidence of school absenteeism

Which of the following best describes why local, state, and federal governmental agencies have started to cooperate and collaborate more closely in the last few years? a. Increased administrative pressures to demonstrate outcomes b. Increased focus on emergency preparedness and response c. Increased taxpayers' complaints and general unhappiness d. Increased pressure to decrease overlap in services

Increased focus on emergency preparedness and response

Which of the following is the number-one cause of death worldwide? Chronic diseases (heart disease, cancer, stroke) Infectious diseases Injuries (accidental or purposeful) Terrorism

Infectious diseases

What was the significance of the 1979 Surgeon General's report? It planned the goals and priorities for the entire Veterans Administration medical system. It vastly increased funding for health promotion activities. It identified the use of tobacco as a cause of lung cancer. It created national goals for promoting health and preventing disease.

It created national goals for promoting health and preventing disease.

Which of the following statements describes how nursing in the community is more challenging than nursing in an acute care setting? There is limited access to information useful to the nurse in giving care in the community. More paperwork and forms are required when giving care in the home. It is more challenging to control the environment in the community. Specialization isn't possible in the community setting.

It is more challenging to control the environment in the community.

Which of the following statements best describes how clients and parish nurses typically perceive spiritual health? It exists at the point that cure is attained. It has a tangential relation to well-being. It is part of an ongoing dynamic process. It is usually unchanging across the life span.

It is part of an ongoing dynamic process.

Which of the following is the primary reason that large companies are becoming more involved in their employees' personal health and well-being? It is an ethical and moral responsibility. It improves public relations within the community. It allows managers to better understand their employees. It provides a cost savings to the company.

It provides a cost savings to the company.

A nurse is considering applying for a position as a public health nurse. Which of the following would be a reason this position would be appealing? a. Its autonomy and independence b. Its focus on acute care and immediately visible outcomes c. Its collaboration with other health care professionals d. Its flexibility and higher wages

Its autonomy and independence

A man says, "I just can't get myself to leave the house and go for a 30-minute walk each day. I wish I could think of some way to motivate myself." Which of the following would be the best action for the nurse to take? Establish a written contract between him and his employer that states walking is required each day. Recognize the reasons why 30 minutes of walking each day is one of the best health promotion activities he can choose. Join a group that walks early each morning. Set up rewards for himself, such as a nice snack after he gets back from walking.

Join a group that walks early each morning.

A nurse didn't know what to do when faced with a particular ethical dilemma because an option that would have a good outcome didn't seem possible. The nurse decided to talk to the agency supervisor and decide what action to take. Which of the following best describes the nurse's actions? a. Appropriate, because the supervisor is responsible for the nurse's choices b. Intelligent, because the supervisor has access to resource persons (clergy, physicians, administrators) who might know of options the nurse hadn't considered c. Justified, because this provides an opportunity to discuss the issue but the nurse maintains responsibility for the decision d. Wise, because the supervisor would be more knowledgeable concerning agency priorities and traditional practices

Justified, because this provides an opportunity to discuss the issue but the nurse maintains responsibility for the decision

A teacher asks the school health nurse to assess a child for neglect. Which of the following assessment findings could indicate neglect? Bruises in various stages of healing Failure of parent to attend parent-teacher conferences or return teacher phone calls Lack of weight gain and wearing dirty clothes Lice in the hair

Lack of weight gain and wearing dirty clothes

A nurse meets with a senator to lobby for passage of a bill to increase funding for interpreter services. With which of the following branches of the government is the nurse working? Constitutional branch of government Executive branch of government Legislative branch of government Judicial branch of government

Legislative branch of government

Which of the following nurses is famous for creating public health nursing in the United States? a. Florence Nightingale b. Frances Root c. Lillian Wald d. Mrs. Solomon Loeb

Lillian Wald

A nurse is implementing a primary prevention strategy to address abuse in the community. Which of the following actions is the nurse most likely taking? Encouraging others to interfere when they see children hit or hurt in a public place Referring caregivers to community respite centers if abuse is beginning to occur Lobbying for passage of legislation to outlaw physical punishment in schools Screening each pregnant woman privately for intimate partner abuse

Lobbying for passage of legislation to outlaw physical punishment in schools

The administration at a local medical center examines the trends in health problems when developing long-range plans for staffing and space allocation. Which of the following sources of information would be most helpful? Local data drawn from a professional survey in the city The National Health Interview Survey The National Hospital Discharge Survey The state's vital statistics

Local data drawn from a professional survey in the city

The nurse suggests use of telehealth to assess how a client is progressing. Which of the following resources must be available for continuing care to be implemented? A physician who is willing to use wireless prescriptions and plans of care Family permission for the nurse to make home visits Long-distance telephone service or a computer with Internet access Willingness of the caregiver to drive the client to the nearest clinic

Long-distance telephone service or a computer with Internet access

A school nurse stops a student in the hall and asks whether the student has been having trouble with her eyes, which look rather red and dry. The female student yawns and says that she hasn't noticed any eye problems. However, she does confess to the school nurse that she has gained 15 pounds since she began smoking "special cigarettes." Which of the following is the student most likely smoking? Tobacco Crack cocaine Ice methamphetamine Marijuana

Marijuana

The Elizabethan Poor Law of 1601 is similar to which current law? a. Welfare b. Food stamps c. Medicaid d. Medicare

Medicaid

Which of the following groups is most at risk for suicide? Adolescents under age 20 Men over age 85 Females 25 to 45 years of age Women over age 65

Men over age 85

Which of the following statements accurately describes why methadone is used to treat heroin addiction? Addicts come to prefer methadone instead of heroin. Methadone blocks the effects of heroin and reduces the craving. Methadone prevents further dependence on drugs. Methadone gives an enjoyable high, so addicts continue treatment.

Methadone blocks the effects of heroin and reduces the craving.

How did the Industrial Revolution result in previous caregiving approaches, such as care by families, friends, and neighbors, becoming inadequate? a. Economic and political wars resulted in frequent death and injuries. b. Incredible plagues consistently and constantly swept the European continent. c. Migration and urbanization resulted in increased demand for care. d. Caregivers could easily find other employment, so they demanded to be paid.

Migration and urbanization resulted in increased demand for care.

Which of the following statements best describes why health care of the homeless is so expensive to the community? Health conditions of the homeless require increased preventive services. Homeless clients typically make more clinic visits for multiple health problems. Homeless people spread contagious diseases to those they pass on the street. Most care to homeless people takes place in hospital emergency departments.

Most care to homeless people takes place in hospital emergency departments.

Which of the following statements best explains why many school nurses are not able to ensure that all children receive needed health care in the schools? a. There is a shortage of baccalaureate-prepared nurses with national school health nurse certification. Most nurses prefer to be employed in hospitals giving direct care. Most school districts are unable to afford a nurse in every school. School districts and taxpayers see no need for nurses in schools

Most school districts are unable to afford a nurse in every school.

Which of the following is a primary requirement for a client to be eligible for home health nursing and Medicare reimbursement of services? Must be homebound Must be living in a medically underserved area Must be indigent Must be insured or eligible for Medicare or Medicaid

Must be homebound

Which of the following statements best explains why HSV-2 infection is more challenging for a client than gonorrhea infection? HSV-2 is a viral infection that is both chronic and incurable. HSV-2 is extremely expensive to treat. HSV-2, like HIV, is almost impossible to diagnosis in the early stages. Once a person has been treated for HSV-2, the person is immune to further outbreaks.

Once a person has been treated for HSV-2, the person is immune to further outbreaks.

A nurse just finished teaching breast self-examination to a large group of women at a professional conference. During the session, she distributed literature and used culturally appropriate visual aids. However, the session was not as effective as it could have been. Which of the following was the most important thing omitted by the nurse? Time for audience members to ask questions and clarify the information Explanation of why culturally appropriate images are more acceptable Opportunity for the women to practice what they learned Use of simple language instead of printed material

Opportunity for the women to practice what they learned

A nurse gives detailed information on how to apply for Medicaid to a new mother who moved to the United States from Russia about 10 years ago. The nurse's next client is an African American mother of newborn twins who worked until the children were born. The nurse knows the woman is eligible to maintain her insurance after her employment was lost and does not discuss insurance options at all. Which of the following errors is being made by the nurse? a. Covert intentional prejudice b. Covert unintentional prejudice c. Overt intentional prejudice d.Overt unintentional prejudice

Overt intentional prejudice

Which of the following best describes the primary problem that can result from health care today being given by many different care providers? Clients are not sure which provider to see first. Health care providers have to make referrals to other providers. Clients sometimes are not sure who their primary provider is. Overuse, underuse, or gaps in care may result.

Overuse, underuse, or gaps in care may result.

A nurse is assessing potential environmental health risks in the community. Which of the following would be the first step that the nurse should take? a. Conduct health risk assessments of randomly selected individuals b. Perform a windshield survey c. Review facility permits and consumer confidence reports d. Survey community members

Perform a windshield survey

A nurse completes a self-assessment of performance as part of the home health nurse's annual evaluation. Which of the following terms best describes this activity? Collaboration Quality of care Performance appraisal Resource utilization

Performance appraisal

A nurse is working toward an objective to "increase to at least 90% the proportion of all pregnant women who receive first trimester prenatal care." During which of the following phases of the nursing process would determination of the objective occur? Assessment phase Planning phase Implementation phase Evaluation phase

Planning phase

The occupational health nurse makes certain all employees have and know how to use personal protective equipment (PPE). Which of the following factors will most likely determine how effective the PPE is in keeping employees safe? Comfort level of the PPE Effectiveness of the nurse's teaching Knowledge level of the employee Psychosocial norms of the setting

Psychosocial norms of the setting

A nurse wants to help keep the community environment safe. Which of the following is the most appropriate action for the nurse to take? a. Conserve water by bathing less often. b. Downsize to a smaller living space. c. Reduce, reuse, and recycle. d. Replace all his appliances with new energy-efficient ones.

Reduce, reuse, and recycle.

A father confides to the parish nurse that his wife has been hurting their 3-year-old daughter. The nurse examines the daughter and finds evidence of physical abuse. In the parish nurse role, which of the following actions should the nurse take first? Contact the pastor for guidance in handling this situation. Recommend that the family be removed from the faith community. Refer the family to pastoral services for counseling. Report the findings to child protective services.

Report the findings to child protective services.

A nurse offers homeless clients yearly tuberculosis (TB) screening and free treatment for those who test positive for TB. Which of the following levels of prevention is being used? Primary prevention Secondary prevention Tertiary prevention Secondary and tertiary prevention

Secondary prevention

A school health nurse is conducting drug screening to detect drug use by students before problems develop. Which of the following levels of prevention does this action represent? Primary prevention Secondary prevention Tertiary prevention Primary and secondary prevention

Secondary prevention

A principal comments to the school nurse that it seems there are a lot more problems with asthma among the students than there were before the school was remodeled a couple of years ago. The nurse investigates the principal's observation by reviewing all the school records to determine visits to the health office because of asthma by week and month for the past 5 years. Which of the following best describes the type of study the nurse is conducting? Descriptive epidemiological study Ecological study Prospective cohort study Retrospective cohort study

Retrospective cohort study

An occupational health nurse is removing a foreign body from a patient's eye. Which of the following levels of prevention is being implemented? Injury prevention Primary prevention Secondary prevention Tertiary prevention

Secondary prevention

Which of the following is responsible for the dramatic increase in life expectancy during the 20th century? a. Technology increases in the field of medical laboratory research b. Advances in surgical techniques and procedures c. Sanitation and other population-based prevention programs d. Use of antibiotics to fight infections

Sanitation and other population-based prevention programs

Which of the following statements suggests that faith community nursing is a nationally recognized specialty of nursing? Academic programs now offer a clinical specialty in parish nursing. Faith community nurses are increasingly receiving salaries for their efforts. Faith community nursing is being adapted in other countries and to non-Christian faiths. Scope and standards of faith community practice have been developed and revised.

Scope and standards of faith community practice have been developed and revised.

The school nurse has arranged for volunteers to help check each child's hearing and vision. Any child that the volunteers feel did not "pass" will be sent to the nurse for follow-up. The nurse will then send a note to the parents that a physician should be seen. Which of the following levels of prevention is being implemented? Primary Secondary Tertiary Both primary and secondary

Secondary

A client is being treated for secondary syphilis. Which of the following signs and symptoms would the nurse anticipate the client would exhibit? Chancre at the site of entry Jaundice Difficulty coordinating muscle movements Skin rash without itching

Skin rash without itching

Which of the following best describes why it is more challenging for most nurses to meet the needs of a dying child and his or her family than to meet the needs of a dying adult? Children don't understand what it means to die. A child's death is harder for anyone to accept. Society does not expect death to occur in children. Families are not prepared to deal with death.

Society does not expect death to occur in children.

Which of the following principles is central to the role of the parish nurse? Advanced nursing practice education and skills Faith consistent with the community and its leadership Spiritual dimension of care Willingness to serve anyone in need

Spiritual dimension of care

Which of the following is the most common disabling condition when measured by days away from work? Bruises Cuts and lacerations Mental illnesses Sprains and strains

Sprains and strains

A school nurse has developed a special class for pregnant teens to teach them everything from anticipated body changes to methods for managing common pregnancy-associated problems. The classes also allow the nurse to be in close frequent contact with the students to monitor their health status. Which of the following levels of prevention is being used by the nurse? Primary prevention Secondary prevention Tertiary prevention Both primary and secondary prevention

Tertiary prevention

A male IV drug abuser admits to the nurse that he has no desire to stop using drugs, so rather than lecture him on the dangers of drug addiction, the nurse counsels him on how to sterilize his needles. Which of the following prevention efforts is the nurse attempting to achieve? Primary prevention by educating about safe injections Primary prevention by avoidance of future legal complications Secondary prevention to reduce the risk for infection or other complications Tertiary prevention to reduce the transmission of blood-borne diseases

Tertiary prevention to reduce the transmission of blood-borne diseases

A public health nurse is compiling information about how to promote early detection of breast cancer in women. Which document would most likely provide useful information about this topic? a. The Future of Public Health b. Healthy People 2020 c. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act d. Scope and Standards of Public Health Nursing Practice

The Cadet Nurse Corps

Which of the following statements best describes why the federal government has become involved in health care? The states asked the federal level to become involved. Because of rising costs to the states, the federal budget needed to be used to pay for necessary services. The Constitution gives the federal government the power to promote the general welfare. This step was necessary to standardize care on a national level.

The Constitution gives the federal government the power to promote the general welfare.

Which of the following do community-based nurses typically use to organize, sort, and document pertinent client data? NANDA NIC & NOC Nursing Diagnosis Taxonomy The Omaha System

The Omaha System

Students at first-day orientation at the local community college are discussing alcohol and drug abuse with their freshmen advisor. During a break, some students go outside for soft drinks and snacks. Soon after, the advisor walks by and notices several of these students smoking cigarettes. Based on this, which of the following topics of the drug and alcohol orientation would be most important for the advisor to reemphasize after the break? A discussion of which drugs are commonly used on campus How students can learn to "just say no" when offered drugs or drinks How to recognize and overcome peer pressure to continue bad habits The fact that tobacco smoking causes more deaths than any other behavior in the United States

The fact that tobacco smoking causes more deaths than any other behavior in the United States

A public health nurse is involved in health care reform. Which of the following best explains why the nurse is involved in these efforts? a. To promote the nursing profession b. To increase funding for public health nursing c. To address the concerns of nurses d. To help improve health care access

To help improve health care access

A movie shows a woman and a man having a contest to see who can drink more shots of whiskey. Who is more likely to "win" the drinking contest when the other passes out and cannot continue? If their drinks are the same size, they'll both pass out about the same time. If they play fair, they'll probably both vomit before passing out. The man will win. The woman will win.

The man will win.

The nurse often has to make resource allocation decisions. Which of the following best describes the criterion the nurse should use in such cases? a. The specific moral or ethical principle related to the situation b. The cheapest, most economical approach c. The most rational probable outcome d. The needs of the aggregate rather than a few individuals

The needs of the aggregate rather than a few individuals

A nurse invited all the teenagers who were newly diagnosed with diabetes to a group meeting to discuss issues they all had in common. One teenager replied, "I don't know if I want to share all the problems I'm having with strangers." Which of the following is the best nurse response? "Don't share anything with anyone until you're comfortable doing so." "I can understand what you are saying." "No one will require you to do anything you don't want to do." "The purpose of the group is to have a safe place to share problems with others who may be having similar problems."

The purpose of the group is to have a safe place to share problems with others who may be having similar problems."

Persons in an auditorium may have been exposed to a disease. If they are infected, it is crucial that they receive immediate treatment and not take the disease home to their families. Which of the following characteristics would be most important to consider when selecting the screening test to be used? The negative predictive value The positive predictive value The sensitivity of the test The specificity of the test

The sensitivity of the test

Which of the following is the top risk factor for intimate partner homicide? There is a gun in the house. The husband has made threats against wife before. The wife has previously called 911 because of husband's beating her. The woman's young daughter also lives with them.

The wife has previously called 911 because of husband's beating her.

A man is addicted to alcohol. In which of the following scenarios is a family member enabling the man to continue drinking? The wife asks the nurse to explain why her husband's continued drinking is dangerous. The son threatens to leave home because he finds the father's behavior embarrassing. The teenage daughter turns to a favorite teacher for emotional support. The wife tells her husband's boss that her husband is sick when he is actually inebriated.

The wife tells her husband's boss that her husband is sick when he is actually inebriated.

Two women seem to agree on almost everything from favorite music to favorite media stars to the best way to prepare a meal. Which of the following best explains this similarity in the two women? They are both members of the same birth cohort. They are close friends. They attended the same school. They both go the same church.

They are both members of the same birth cohort.

An occupational health nurse sees the various injuries and diseases that persons can acquire from employment. Which of the following recommendations would the nurse most likely provide about safety in the workplace? Find employment in physical labor; at least your body will be in good condition. Professional positions are the safest choice for employment. White collar positions provide the least risk for injury. There is no "safe" occupation or profession.

There is no "safe" occupation or profession.

Which of the following statements best explains why many health care providers are more afraid of getting hepatitis B than HIV? Everyone would assume the person infected with hepatitis B is a drug user. Having HBV would mean no further employment in health care. The fatality rate is higher and occurs sooner with HBV. There is no treatment for HBV, which can be a very serious illness.

There is no treatment for HBV, which can be a very serious illness.

Which of the following provides the best explanation as to why people do not immediately seek medical treatment when they first become ill with HIV? They are afraid to get tested for fear results will be positive. They avoid the problem (maybe it will go away). They don't recognize their symptoms as possibly being due to HIV. It is too expensive to get an HIV test.

They don't recognize their symptoms as possibly being due to HIV.

A nurse keeps ongoing documentation of all the clients seen at the community health clinic. The nurse enters the demographic data and the primary diagnoses into the computer to have a comprehensive perspective of the clinic's clients. Which of the following best explains why the nurse is collecting this data? This data will be useful in a research study the nurse is conducting. This data will provide evidence of clinic resources being wasted on minor health problems. This data will help identify patterns in the risk factors associated with a particular subgroup. This data can be used to show trends that can be included in the next grant proposal for further funding.

This data will help identify patterns in the risk factors associated with a particular subgroup.

A teacher recommends that surveys to obtain data on drug use be given to high school students when they meet for various school organizations. Which of the following best describes why the nurse would reject this suggestion? This method of data collection would result in classification bias. This method of data collection would result in confounding bias. This method of data collection would result in personal bias. This method of data collection would result in selection bias.

This method of data collection would result in selection bias.

Which of the following populations experiences the highest incidence of poverty? Those between the ages of 18 and 64 Those under the age of 18 Those over the age of 65 Those between the ages of 18 and 25

Those under the age of 18

uring the assessment phase, the nurse compiles and interprets available data and draws conclusions as to the community's strengths and concerns. Which of the following best describes why the nurse would also conduct interviews with key informants? To ensure that others agree with the nurse's plans for interventions To confirm the nurse's initial findings and conclusions To encourage community partners to feel they "own" the data To generate nonstatistical data such as values, beliefs, and perceived needs

To generate nonstatistical data such as values, beliefs, and perceived needs

A new client has just been released from the hospital after intensive treatment for multiple injuries following a motorcycle accident. Which of the following types of care will he most likely receive? Home-based primary care Population-focused home care Proprietary home care Transitional care

Transitional care

A nurse is assessing the structure of a community's health. Which of the following data will the nurse examine? The community's commitment to health Health risk profiles of selected aggregates Statistics of morbidity and mortality in comparison with similar communities Treatment and service use patterns from local health agencies and care providers

Treatment and service use patterns from local health agencies and care providers

Which of the following agencies has the most influence on the health and welfare of US citizens? Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) US Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS) World Health Organization (WHO)

US Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS)

Which of the following statements best explains the primary reason why violence is so high among young African-American men? Men tend to be more violent than women. They are young and thus lack maturity. Unemployment is higher in this population. Violent tendencies are transferred genetically along racial lines.

Unemployment is higher in this population.

.A nurse is examining the various factors that lead to disease and suggests several areas where nurses could intervene to reduce future incidence of disease. Which of the following models would the nurse most likely use? Epidemiologic triangle Health promotion Levels of prevention Web of causality

Web of causality

Which of the following actions would most likely be performed by a public health nurse? a. Asking community leaders what interventions should be chosen b. Assessing the community and deciding on appropriate interventions c. Using data from the main health care institutions in the community to determine needed health services d. Working with community groups to create policies to improve the environment

Working with community groups to create policies to improve the environment

In the United States, which group is most affected by a new HIV diagnosis? Women having heterosexual relationships White IV drug abusers Young Black gay and bisexual men Men who have sex with other men

Young Black gay and bisexual men

A mother felt very guilty that her baby was born HIV positive. When the nurse suggested the usual DPT and MMR immunizations, the mother was extremely upset. "Don't you know HIV children are immunosuppressed?" she exclaimed. Which of the following would be the nurse's best response? "All children have to have these immunizations before they can attend school." "Being HIV positive, your child is more likely to catch an infection and be very ill if not immunized." "I'm so sorry; I forgot for a moment your child was HIV positive." "The American Pediatric Association requires all health care providers to offer these immunizations to all parents; it is your choice whether or not to accept them."

"Being HIV positive, your child is more likely to catch an infection and be very ill if not immunized."

When a nurse discovers that a woman has been treated for cervical cancer, the nurse asks the woman whether she has ever been tested for HIV or other STDs. The woman is offended and asks why the nurse would ask her such a thing. Which of the following statements would be the best response from the nurse? "Cervical cancer treatments may decrease immunity, so that it is easier to acquire STDs." "Cervical cancer usually is caused by HPV, and often the presence of one STD is accompanied by other STDs." "The presence of an STD in women with cervical cancer may lead to congenital defects in offspring." "The presence of an STD in a woman with a history of cervical cancer has been associated with a relapse of the cancer after treatment.

"Cervical cancer usually is caused by HPV, and often the presence of one STD is accompanied by other STDs."

A nurse who works at the local hospital asks a public health nurse what might be causing her hands to become very sore and sensitive. Which of the following statements would be the most appropriate response by the public health nurse? a. "Ask the staff in employee health if there have been any other complaints." b. "Call the local health department about any recent problems at the hospital." c. "Check the material safety data sheet on any chemicals you have used recently." d. "See the nurse's health care provider for a complete work-up."

"Check the material safety data sheet on any chemicals you have used recently."

A client who is very upset says to the nurse, "But we always used a condom! How could I have genital warts?" Which of the following would be the best response by the nurse? "Are you positive you always used a condom?" "Condoms don't always work." "The condom might have had a tear in the latex." "Contact may have occurred outside the area that the condom covers."

"Contact may have occurred outside the area that the condom covers."

Which of the following comments was most likely stated by a home health nurse? "Every time I see a client, it costs $80." "Health care costs are killing our economy." "I can't believe how much clients are charged for things." "Medicaid costs are such a large portion of our state's budget."

"Every time I see a client, it costs $80."

The mother of a high school student newly diagnosed with a condition that will require special health care services is concerned that the student will be required to be home-schooled away from the friends he has developed. Which of the following would be the most appropriate response by the school nurse? "Federal legislation requires that the school make provisions for those with various challenges, so your child will be able to remain in school as long as he is able." "I realize that this will be a difficult adjustment, but home-schooling has improved over recent decades and the Internet will allow your child to connect with friends." "Whether your child can remain in school will depend on state funding for those with disabilities. You might want to contact your congressman on this issue." "Your child may remain in school as long as he can manage the course requirements and doesn't flunk out."

"Federal legislation requires that the school make provisions for those with various challenges, so your child will be able to remain in school as long as he is able."

A nurse is using the technique of motivational interviewing when working with a client. Which of the following statements by the client indicates the client is ready to make the change? "I should change." "I am willing to change." "It's important to change." "I want to change."

"I am willing to change."

During a group counseling session for perpetrators of intimate partner violence, which of the following statements made by a client indicates a lack of insight into his violent behavior? "I have been taking out my frustrations with work on my girlfriend." "I love my girlfriend and didn't want to hurt her; it was an accident." "It might be a good idea for me to temporarily leave the house when I feel myself becoming angry." "When I drink alcohol, I become more abusive toward my girlfriend."

"I love my girlfriend and didn't want to hurt her; it was an accident."

Which of the following statements by a parent indicates a need for increased learning regarding appropriate (nonabusive) discipline of a child? "I have stopped using a switch on my child, and I am learning to count to 10 before reacting." "I never spank or hit; I yell at them to stop being stupid, and if they don't, I tell them no one is ever going to love them if they act like that." "I use time-outs when my child acts out or is naughty. Sometimes my child doesn't cope well with this, but I am persistent." "When my child misbehaves, I distract him and focus his attention on other things. If he throws a tantrum, I have been known to just pick him up and leave from wherever we are."

"I never spank or hit; I yell at them to stop being stupid, and if they don't, I tell them no one is ever going to love them if they act like that."

A school nurse asks a class about the ways HIV can be transmitted. Which of the following comments by a student indicates a need for additional teaching? "I wouldn't sit next to someone with HIV." "Having unprotected sex with someone who is infected spreads HIV." "Sharing needles when shooting up drugs spreads HIV." "Transfusions of blood products that are contaminated can spread HIV."

"I wouldn't sit next to someone with HIV."

A nurse is explaining the health care system in the United States to a group of physicians visiting from South America. How would the nurse best describe the current health care system? a. "It is a logical, rational approach to meeting expressed needs while still trying to control costs." b. "It is a centralized system that provides care in hospitals." c. "It is divided primarily into two components: private health care and public health care." d. "It is the best in the world with outstanding research and high-technology care available to all."

"It is divided primarily into two components: private health care and public health care."

An 80-year-old woman comes to the community health care facility with a large bag of medications. She tells the nurse she can no longer afford these medications because her only income is Social Security. Which statement is the best response by the nurse? a. "Let's go through these medications and see which ones we can delete." b. "You can get these medicines at this clinic for free." c. "Let's see if we can get some help from Medicare to help you pay for these medications." d. "These medications are important. Do your best to pay for them."

"Let's see if we can get some help from Medicare to help you pay for these medications."

A client states to the nurse, "I have heard the Affordable Care Act is supposed to help improve the health care I receive, but so far I have seen no benefits from this legislation." Which of the following statements would be the best reply by the nurse? "Maybe you have not directly seen the changes; however, several things have changed in health care because of this bill." "It will take years to see any effects from the act because of the delays in implementation of the changes." "This legislation will primarily improve care for the elderly and poor populations, so this is why you may not have seen any benefits." "The way health care operates at the federal and state levels has changed, so most individuals will not see any direct impact."

"Maybe you have not directly seen the changes; however, several things have changed in health care because of this bill."

Which of the following statements, made by a caregiver of an older client, should alert the nurse to assess for evidence of elder abuse? "Mom is always into something and can't seem to stay still, so I've been giving her half a Valium to get her to relax so I can get some rest." "Mom wanted to stay at her home, but we were scared for her safety, so we moved some of her personal things into our home and brought her to live with us." "She has not been having incontinence problems since we have been taking her to the toilet every 2 to 3 hours when she is awake." "We have to feed Mom baby food now because she has trouble chewing and swallowing regular food."

"Mom is always into something and can't seem to stay still, so I've been giving her half a Valium to get her to relax so I can get some rest."

An upset mother calls the school nurse and says, "How dare you say my child has lice? My child is clean and I keep a clean house! You've obviously made an error." Which of the following would be the best response by the nurse? "I'm sorry you're upset, but your child cannot return to school until this problem is addressed." "Most lice are found in clean hair. Children often share combs. Let me tell you how to fix the problem." "You may have been traveling. Lice are often found in motels." "I'm sure you're correct; one of my volunteers probably made an error. I'll recheck."

"Most lice are found in clean hair. Children often share combs. Let me tell you how to fix the problem."

A school health nurse presents a program on preventing teen pregnancy to a group of parents. Following the presentation, which of the following comments by a parent would cause concern? "I do not know if my son is sexually active; however, I have decided I'm going to talk to him about it." "My daughter is too intelligent to get involved with boys, even if her friends do sleep around." "My daughter and I have often discussed sexuality, and when she's ready, I'll pay for her birth control pills. "I have spoken to my son about birth control. He says he's not ready to be a father and support a baby. He wants to go to college."

"My daughter is too intelligent to get involved with boys, even if her friends do sleep around."

Which of the following statements by a client indicates a lack of understanding regarding an appropriate reason to sue for professional negligence? "Because the health care workers didn't turn my mother every 2 hours, she developed bedsores." "I received permanent nerve damage because they would not remove a cast that was too tight." "My daughter wasn't given a call light, and for a whole shift no one checked on her condition." "They amputated the wrong leg during surgery."

"My daughter wasn't given a call light, and for a whole shift no one checked on her condition."

Which of the following public health actions has been particularly instrumental in reducing childhood infectious diseases in the United States? Answering parents' questions about the safety and importance of vaccines today Educational campaigns to all health care providers about the importance of immunizations whenever a child is seen "No shots, no school" legislation, which legally requires children be immunized before school Offering all immunizations to all children free of any charge

"No shots, no school" legislation, which legally requires children be immunized before school

A client is crying softly and saying, "What did I do to deserve this punishment, Lord?" Which of the following responses by the nurse would be the most appropriate? a. "God doesn't punish people. You're sick just because of bad luck." b. "I can call the hospital chaplain to help you talk about these feelings" c. "What can I do to be helpful to you right now?" "Would you like to confess your sins and repent so this illness will go away?"

"What can I do to be helpful to you right now?"

A nurse explained to a new mother that because she had tested positive for the hepatitis B virus, her newborn son would need the hepatitis B vaccine immediately and then also an immune globulin injection. "Wait," said the new mother. "Why is my son getting two shots?" Which of the following statements would be the best response by the nurse? "One injection protects your son, while the other encourages his body to build up immunity." "One shot keeps your son from getting sick, while the other is a typical vaccine to prevent you from accidentally infecting him." "Since you've already been infected with the virus, your son needs twice as much protection." "The second shot is just to make sure the first one works."

"One injection protects your son, while the other encourages his body to build up immunity."

A man loudly protests his increased property tax bill right after the public health department has made a plea for more funds. "Why," he asks, "should my tax dollars be used to pay for their children to be immunized?" Which of the following would be the best response by the nurse? "Immunizations are required by law, and if their parents can't afford it, you and I will have to pay for it." "It's just the right thing to do." "Only by making sure most kids are immunized can we stop epidemics that might hurt all of us." "We're a religious God-fearing community, and we take care of each other."

"Only by making sure most kids are immunized can we stop epidemics that might hurt all of us."

A new nurse states to a nursing colleague, "But why do I have to be involved in politics? I just want to be the very best clinical nurse I can." Which of the following would be the best response from the nursing colleague? a. "As long as you pay your membership fee to the American Nurses Association, you have participated in the profession's political endeavors." b. "Political action is the way you try to fulfill your ethical responsibilities to clients." c. "You're absolutely right; if you are good clinically, you have fulfilled your obligation." d. "When you've completed your clinical orientation, then you'll have time to be involved in politics."

"Political action is the way you try to fulfill your ethical responsibilities to clients."

The principal of a school was upset over a rumor that one of the children had engaged in a violent activity that injured a younger sibling. The principal asked the nurse who the children were so that the involved teachers could both support the injured child and guard other children from the violent child. Which of the following would be the best response by the nurse? "I'll get the names to you and the involved teachers immediately." "Let me get the parents' consent, and then I'll get you the names." "Rumors are often inaccurate; let me follow up and see what happened and what needs to be done." "Why don't we coordinate a school-wide program on preventing accidents instead?"

"Rumors are often inaccurate; let me follow up and see what happened and what

An instructor is reviewing Salmonella infections with her class. Which of the following comments indicates that the student needs further review on how Salmonella is spread? "Certain pets and farm animals may be Salmonella carriers." "It is possible to transmit Salmonella by person-to-person contact." "Salmonella may be spread by spores that form once contaminated blood is exposed to the air." "Salmonella outbreaks are usually due to contaminated meat, poultry, and eggs."

"Salmonella may be spread by spores that form once contaminated blood is

A nurse is reviewing with a client the importance of the diabetic diet to maintaining control of blood glucose levels. The client states, "I went to the classes and learned how to count carbohydrates. I have even started to write down what I eat for each meal." Which of the following would be most appropriate response from the nurse? "I'm so glad you're beginning to recognize the need to control your blood sugar." "Now you just have to make sure you don't give that habit up!" "Sounds like you're not ready to really plan your eating yet." "That is great. You've started to take action and make changes."

"That is great. You've started to take action and make changes."

A nurse is providing education to a client about the use of PrEP. Which of the following statements would the nurse include as part of this teaching? "Side effects of PrEP include extreme lethargy and joint pain." "PrEP has been shown to be effective in preventing transmission of the disease from sharing needles." "The effectiveness of PrEP will depend on your adherence to the medication regimen." "PrEP will prevent you from contracting HIV and Hepatitis B."

"The effectiveness of PrEP will depend on your adherence to the medication

A family shared their concerns, including sexual issues, in strictest confidence with a faith community nurse. When the nurse returned to the church office, the pastor asked why the family wanted to see her. Which of the following statements would be the best response by the nurse? "Because you are my supervisor, I will summarize what was said for you." "I will include that information in my report to our church's wellness committee." "They just wanted me to assess their health needs and make some suggestions." "The family had some issues they wanted to discuss in confidence, which I will keep in confidence."

"The family had some issues they wanted to discuss in confidence, which I will keep in confidence."

A nurse is completing a basic health assessment. Which of the following questions should be asked by an environmentally aware nurse? a. "Is anyone else in your family having these symptoms?" b. "How many people live in your home?" c. "What jobs have you held longest?" d. "Where did you live 10 years ago?"

"What jobs have you held longest?"

A client with tuberculosis (TB) asks why the nurse is required to watch the client swallow the medication each day. Which of the following statements is the best response by the nurse? "Clients with TB are often noncompliant, so if I directly observe, you will be sure to take the drugs that have been ordered." "This therapy is recommended to make sure that you receive the treatment you need and the infection doesn't become resistant to the drugs." "This is to make sure you take your medication if your condition becomes so advanced that you do not have enough cerebral oxygenation to remember." "Tuberculosis medications are very expensive so this method ensures that government money doesn't get wasted on those who will not take the drugs."

"This therapy is recommended to make sure that you receive the treatment you need and the infection doesn't become resistant to the drugs."

Which of the following statements by a parish nurse exhibits a lack of understanding of the concept of pastoral care? "By working with my clients to help them identify their spiritual strengths, I am drawing on pastoral care aspects of practice." "To incorporate pastoral care, I should involve the pastor in ministering to the members of the congregation." "I use pastoral care when I emphasize the spiritual dimension of nursing when providing care." "When I lend support to my clients during times of joy, as well as during their times of sorrow, this illustrates an important aspect of pastoral care."

"To incorporate pastoral care, I should involve the pastor in ministering to the members of the congregation."

A nurse is completing a health history on a client during a routine physical exam. Which of the following questions, which is often omitted, should be asked by the nurse? "How is your family doing?" "What problems have you been having?" "What health concerns do you have today?" "Where do you work and what do you do there?"

"Where do you work and what do you do there?"

A nurse is interviewing a person who has stated on her entry health form that she is retired. Which of the following is the most crucial question for the nurse to ask? "Have you had any problems since leaving your employment?" "How do you spend your time now?" "What has retirement been like for you?" "Where were you previously employed and what did you do there?"

"Where were you previously employed and what did you do there?"

A registered nurse was just employed as a public health nurse. Which question would be the most relevant for the nurse to ask? a. "Which groups are at the greatest risk for problems?" b. "Which patients should I see first as I begin my day?" c. "With which physicians will I be most closely collaborating?" d. "With which nursing assistants will I partner the most?"

"Which groups are at the greatest risk for problems?"

A client spends a great deal of his time on the Internet or reading articles related to diabetes and its long-term effects. One day the client asks why the nurse has not suggested a life care plan. Which of the following would be the best response by the nurse? "Life care plans are only for young persons who are newly diagnosed." "Life care plans are primarily used to determine long-term financial needs for legal reasons." "You are receiving appropriate care for your diabetes without serious side effects, so a life care plan isn't really appropriate." "I was waiting for you to express interest in having a life care plan."

"You are receiving appropriate care for your diabetes without serious side effects, so a life care plan isn't really appropriate."

A staff member is orienting a new nurse to a health clinic that serves primarily vulnerable populations. Which of the following statements indicates a need for additional staff education? "If a client who does not speak English comes in, you must obtain an interpreter right away." "We try to take care of as many problems as possible in one visit, so when you interview the client ask about additional concerns." "You will like working with Hispanic immigrants because they have close-knit family structures." "You will need to assist the client by scheduling any referral or follow-up appointments around their work schedules."

"You will like working with Hispanic immigrants because they have close-knit family structures."

A high school student is planning to volunteer at the hospital after school, so she needs to have a Mantoux test before beginning. Which of the following information should the nurse provide to the new volunteer? "I will be using tiny tines to administer the TB antigen to the skin on your arm." "Notify the clinic immediately if you experience any redness or itching at the test site." "The areas should be kept dry until you return; cover it with plastic wrap when bathing." "You will need to return in 2 to 3 days to have any reaction interpreted."

"You will need to return in 2 to 3 days to have any reaction interpreted."

A student complains to the college health nurse that her academic work has been going downhill because of lack of sleep. "My 3-year-old probably misses her babysitter since she has started going to the big daycare center. She hasn't been sleeping well and keeps scratching her bottom. Hopefully, she'll adapt to daycare soon." Which of the following information should the nurse provide to the student? "Dry skin in winter weather can cause itchiness; try to put on lotion before bedtime." "Your daughter may have pinworms; let me teach you how to check for this." "Perhaps your child is not developmentally ready for group play." "Try to arrange more one-on-one time with your 3-year-old."

"Your daughter may have pinworms; let me teach you how to check for this."

A mother and her son are in the emergency department. The mother is extremely upset. Earlier, the son had become so angry that he put his hand through a glass window and had to have stitches. The physician suggested a psychiatric consult. Now the mother asks, "Do you think my son is crazy?" Which of the following is the most appropriate response by the nurse? "Absolutely not. But a psychiatrist can help your son realize more appropriate ways of displaying anger." "Have you had other reasons to think your son is crazy? Perhaps the psychiatrist can reassure you that your son is just an adolescent coping with hormones." "Your son is having problems coping with anger. And naturally you're upset. Let the psychiatrist determine whether your son is crazy or not." "Your son is having problems with behavior, which is distressing all of you. A psychiatrist may be able to help your son cope with life in a more acceptable way."

"Your son is having problems with behavior, which is distressing all of you. A psychiatrist may be able to help your son cope with life in a more acceptable way."

A public health nurse found that out of the 70 people who ate the potato salad at a school picnic, 63 developed symptoms of food poisoning. Which of the following best describes the attack rate? a. 63% b. 70% c. 90% d. 100%

90%

A nurse is providing an educational program about testicular self-examination (TSE). Which of the following would be the best learning objective for this program? Each participant will state why TSE is important and explain how to do it. Each participant will describe how to do TSE and discuss the dangers of testicular cancer. 90% of the men will correctly demonstrate testicular self-examination. 100% of the men will do a testicular examination correctly on a model.

90% of the men will correctly demonstrate testicular self-examination.

A school nurse is administering medications at the school. Which of the following guidelines should be followed? A current drug reference should be available in case information is needed The nurse should administer medications brought in from home by the child in a plastic bag Medications cannot be administered without a physician order Narcotics and controlled substances should be kept in a locked cabinet

A current drug reference should be available in case information is needed

Which of the following public health nurse applicants is the least qualified for a position of case manager in a rural county? A 24-year-old who has a master's degree in public health A 34-year-old who will be moving from a large city A 44-year-old who was born and raised in the community A 54-year-old who, until recently, was a member of the community's school board

A 34-year-old who will be moving from a large city

Which of the following bills would the nurse lobbyist, who believes strongly in social justice, encourage legislators to support? A bill that establishes policies requiring all persons to pay the same cost for services regardless of income A bill that promotes universal health insurance coverage A bill that requires all health care providers to give care to uninsured persons without charge A bill that requires health care workers to report undocumented immigrants who present for treatment

A bill that promotes universal health insurance coverage

A nurse has invited community members to participate as full partners in creating changes to improve the health of the community. Which of the following may be an unexpected consequence of this action? A change in the distribution or redistribution of power and influence An increase in awareness of the importance of health Continued ongoing interest in community health activities Improved family functioning and involvement in health activities

A change in the distribution or redistribution of power and influence

A client is using a primary prevention strategy to prevent infectious disease. Which of the following actions is the client most likely taking? A client receives a tetanus booster every 10 years. A client receives a tetanus booster after stepping on a nail. A client receives tetanus immunoglobulin after stepping on a nail. A client with tetanus is given antibiotics and is placed on seizure precautions.

A client receives a tetanus booster every 10 years.

Which of the following best defines aggregate? A large group of persons A collection of individuals and families A collection of people who share one or more characteristics Another name for demographic group

A collection of people who share one or more characteristics

A client requests help to stop smoking. Which of the following methods would be the best for the nurse to suggest to the client? A combination of interventions, beginning with changing the environment Acupuncture to reduce the nicotine cravings Behavior modification through hypnosis Nicotine replacement products

A combination of interventions, beginning with changing the environment

Statistics clearly demonstrate that there are significantly more cases of a disease in one particular neighborhood than in all the rest of the city. Assuming all else is the same, which of the following is the most likely explanation for a single neighborhood having such a different pattern of illness? A cultural or ethnic concentration in the neighborhood The geographic location of the neighborhood within the city A statistical fluke without meaning The time of year the different statistics were collected throughout the city

A cultural or ethnic concentration in the neighborhood

A 40-year-old Bosnian, Muslim woman who does not speak English presents to a community health center in obvious pain. She requests a female health care provider. Through physical gestures, the woman indicates that the pain is originating in either the pelvic or genital region. Which of the following interpreters would be the most appropriate in this situation? a. A Bosnian male who is certified as a medical interpreter b. A female from the client's community c. A female who does not know the client d. The client's 20-year-old daughter

A female who does not know the client

Which of the following Medicaid clients would most likely receive case management? An elderly person A person receiving rehabilitation following an injury A person who has a high-cost chronic disease A person with acute illness

A person who has a high-cost chronic disease

Which of the following is the best brief definition of community? A geographic area or political division under common leadership A group sharing a common bond such as a profession or occupation A group working together to confront a common problem A social group with common goals within a geographic area

A social group with common goals within a geographic area

The case manager explains to two disagreeing parties that coming to an agreement will save personnel costs for both of them. Which of the following terms best describes this action? a. Assertiveness b. Collaboration c. Cooperation d. Compromising

Collaboration

Which of the following describes community-based nursing? a. a practice in which care is provided for individuals and families b. providing care with a focus on the groups needs c. giving care with a focus on the aggregate's needs d. a value system in which all clients receive optimal care

A practice in which care is provided for individuals and families

A new nurse is overwhelmed with the needs of the community. Which of the following should be the first priority of the nurse? A problem that affects the most disadvantaged residents in the community A problem that is very easy and inexpensive to address A problem that is of high concern to the community A problem in an area in which the nurse has a great deal of expertise

A problem that is of high concern to the community

Which of the following statements best describes an outcome of the Balanced Budget Act of 1997? Additional funding was provided to the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP). Individuals were able to keep their health insurance when moving from one place to another. Patient privacy and security of health information was enhanced. A prospective payment system for home health services was created.

A prospective payment system for home health services was created.

The board of directors is examining various submitted reports concerning its home health agency. Which of the following reports represents an example of benchmarking? A report by the administrator regarding how the home health agency's performance compares with that of other local and national home health agencies A report by the chief financial officer regarding a cost-benefit analysis related to technological advances A report by the chief nursing officer regarding client outcomes A report by the medical director regarding implementation of evidence-based practice into standards of care

A report by the administrator regarding how the home health agency's performance compares with that of other local and national home health agencies

Which client would have been most likely to receive care from the Frontier Nursing Service? a. An injured soldier b. A homebound, elderly male c. A woman in labor d. A child with a broken femur

A woman in labor

Which of the following persons is most likely to be assaulted? A young man A young woman An older man An older woman

A young man

A nurse makes the suggestion that the 2-week shift rotations should be set up so that the next rotation in shifts is later rather than earlier. Which of the following is the nurse attempting to prevent through this suggestion? Anxiety, depression, and exhaustion Family turmoil Physical illnesses Sleeping disorders

Anxiety, depression, and exhaustion

A nurse is considering joining the American Public Health Association (APHA). What information about this organization should be considered when making this decision? a. APHA focuses on the public health concerns of the medical profession. b. APHA represents concerns of nursing specialty practices. c. APHA provides a national forum for nurses to discuss their public health concerns. d. APHA focuses on providing health promotion education to the public.

APHA provides a national forum for nurses to discuss their public health concerns.

For a bedridden Muslim patient, the nurse rearranges the room and moves the bed so that it faces toward Mecca for the patient's daily prayers. Which of the following is the nurse demonstrating through these actions? a. Accommodation b. Awareness c. Brokering d. Imposition

Accommodation

Which of the following activities is completed by the executive branch of the federal government? a. Administration of policy b. Interpretation of policy c. Proposal of policy d. Passage of policy

Administration of policy

A group of teenagers with diabetes become upset and angry because they cannot agree on whether or not to have meetings during summer vacation. Which of the following should the nurse do to be effective in helping the teenagers resolve the conflict? Admit that it is difficult for everyone to agree on everything; then ask whether the group can try to decide how to agree on the issue. Assume adult authority and announce that meetings will be suspended until fall. Recognize that most of the teenagers want to have the meetings, but two are being stubborn; ask the two deviant members to leave the group. Suggest that the group avoid discussing it further but rather think about it over the next week and try to discuss the situation more rationally next week.

Admit that it is difficult for everyone to agree on everything; then ask whether the group can try to decide how to agree on the issue.

Which of the following best describes the primary difference between parish nursing and all other nursing positions? Affiliation with a church or congregation Incorporation of spiritual aspects into nursing care Provision of holistic nursing care Residence within the community of service

Affiliation with a church or congregation

Three women were brought to the emergency department by ambulance after a two-car accident at a busy intersection. Which of the following tests should automatically be done under such circumstances? Alcohol blood level Cardiac workup Pregnancy test STD tests

Alcohol blood level

A school health nurse is asked by a parent group to explain risk factors for alcoholism. Which of the following information should the nurse include? Alcoholism is determined primarily by the family environment. Alcoholism is determined partly by genetic factors. Persons who are alcoholics are usually women. Persons born with fetal alcohol syndrome are alcoholics from birth.

Alcoholism is determined partly by genetic factors.

A nurse is providing care to a pregnant teenager. Which of the following principles is the most important for the nurse to consider when providing care? All teen pregnancies are considered high-risk. Limited self-care knowledge can lead to pregnancy complications. Pregnant teens are likely to receive prenatal care late in the pregnancy. Pregnant teens may have limited financial resources to pay for care.

All teen pregnancies are considered high-risk.

At a local hospital, the postpartum care policy requires that nurses observe the mother during infant care to assess the mother's ability to care for the new baby and to promote bonding. A new mother expresses concern that in her country, all infant care is provided by other family members so that the mother can rest and recover. Which of the following actions would be taken by a culturally competent nurse? a. Allow family members to provide the newborn's care and assess the mother's knowledge of child care through discussion. b. Reinforce the importance of bonding and that all good mothers gladly assume these responsibilities. c. Explain that the process of postpartum recovery does not require this much rest and require that she provide infant care. d. State that she must abide by hospital policy because documentation of the mother's ability to give the infant care is required for discharge.

Allow family members to provide the newborn's care and assess the mother's knowledge of child care through discussion

A nurse would like to increase the accessibility to health care services for mentally ill homeless clients in the community. Which of the following actions should be taken by the nurse? Apply for a grant to fund a mobile clinic to take health care to the clients. Distribute flyers to the homeless that detail the location of various types of health care services. Refer homeless clients to areas that provide temporary housing. Solicit donations for food and clothing to be distributed to the homeless.

Apply for a grant to fund a mobile clinic to take health care to the clients.

A nurse states, "The best way to treat a client from another country is to care for them the same way we would want to be cared for. After all, we are all humans with the same wants and needs." What does this statement reflect in relation to culture?a. Awareness b. Blindness c. Knowledge d. Preservation

Blindness

The nurse is making a postpartum visit to a teenage mother and her month-old infant. Which of the following assessments would be most important? Assessing for mother's ability to fulfill her own growth and development tasks Assessing for mother's knowledge about normal infant growth and development Assessing how much the teenage mother's own mother is helping her cope with child care Assessing whether the baby's father is being helpful to the mother

Assessing for mother's knowledge about normal infant growth and development

Which of the following actions best represents public health nursing? a. Assessing the effectiveness of the high school health clinic b. Caring for clients in their home following their outpatient surgeries c. Providing care to children and their families at the school clinic d. Administering follow-up care for pediatric clients at an outpatient clinic

Assessing the effectiveness of the high school health clinic

Making sure that essential community-oriented health services are available defines which of the core public health functions? Policy development Assessment Assurance Scientific knowledge-based care

Assurance

A nurse is completing a case management advocacy activity which corresponds to the implementation phase of the nursing process. Which of the following activities would the nurse most likely use? Asking the client what is most important Seeking appropriate referrals for the client Assuring the client that his wishes will be supported Determining the order in which actions will occur

Assuring the client that his wishes will be supported

Which of the following is the leading cause of children being absent from school because of a chronic illness? Allergies Asthma Diabetes Upper respiratory infections

Asthma

Nursing students have been assigned to set up a health fair for the homeless population in a large urban setting. Without any funds to pay for space, where should the health fair be located, assuming that all of the following sites are available at no cost? At the city's homeless shelter, which is, by policy, vacant during the day At a large medical center, where the students could get permission to use an empty clinic in the evening At the largest inner-city police station, where there was a large empty space At the local community college, where there are plenty of tables and chairs

At the city's homeless shelter, which is, by policy, vacant during the day

Nursing students have been assigned to set up a health fair for the homeless population in a large urban setting. Without any funds to pay for space, where should the health fair be located, assuming that all of the following sites are available at no cost? At the city's homeless shelter, which is, by policy, vacant during the day At a large medical center, where the students could get permission to use an empty clinic in the evening At the largest inner-city police station, where there was a large empty space availabled. At the local community college, where there are plenty of tables and chairs

At the city's homeless shelter, which is, by policy, vacant during the day

A teacher sends a student to the school nurse because the student does not seem to be thinking clearly. The nurse notes that the student is having palpitations, as well as elevated pulse, blood pressure, temperature. Which of the following would most likely cause these symptoms? Alcohol Bath salts Heroin Marijuana

Bath salts

A nurse is working as a case manager with a vulnerable population. Which of the following actions should the nurse do when providing care? Be willing to enter into a long-term relationship with families. Direct and control the client's care because the nurse knows what is most needed. Encourage families to become self-sufficient and less dependent on nursing personnel for advice and referrals. Rotate assignments periodically to prevent attachment and codependency.

Be willing to enter into a long-term relationship with families.

Which of the following best describes the primary reason that school health nurses spend so much time on educational programs that teach children the importance of water and fire safety, using a seatbelt in the car, and wearing a helmet when biking or skateboarding? Because children won't know if someone doesn't tell them Because injuries are the leading cause of death in children and most injuries are preventable Because it is a dangerous world and someone has to warn children about the dangers Because teaching is easy and more fun than passing out bandages and documenting care

Because injuries are the leading cause of death in children and most injuries are preventable

Which of the following best describes why planning care for an individual is so challenging in today's health care system? Because today's clients have high expectations of the health care system Because multiple providers, payers, and settings have to be coordinated Because of the new high technology constantly being created and used for client treatment Because so many different health care providers are in the acute care setting today

Because multiple providers, payers, and settings have to be coordinated

A homeless family brought their father to the public health clinic after he reported bleeding when he went to the bathroom. Which of the following nursing actions would be most appropriate? Begin tests to determine the cause of the bleeding while asking about other family concerns from nutrition to shelter for the night. Refer the man to a urologist to address the urinary bleeding. Suggest that the family take him to an urgent care center immediately. Treat the urinary infection and give the man medication to take to prevent the return of infection.

Begin tests to determine the cause of the bleeding while asking about other family concerns from nutrition to shelter for the night.

Which of the following best represents an example of infectious disease spreading via a vector? Being bitten by an infected mosquito Disease spreading from infected mother to infant via the placenta A group of partygoers hugging and shaking hands Two persons, one of whom is infected, sharing a glass of soda

Being bitten by an infected mosquito

Which of the following best describes why it is helpful to be a member of a faith community? Belief and traditions help with coping. Members can ask others in the group for help. It is a social outlet. Members are able to get others to contribute to the causes they support.

Belief and traditions help with coping.

How are ethics and public policies similar? a. Both are abstract principles that often differ in actual practice. b. Both are best achieved by persons in high political office who can effect change. c. Both strive for the public good. d. Both use general principles in making decisions.

Both strive for the public good.

How does managed care attempt to control costs of care? a. By encouraging families to use the point of service list of individual practice associates b. By requiring families to choose a care provider from the MC network and not allowing access to other services without their provider's permission c. By moving Medicaid-eligible families onto state Medicare enrollment d. By refusing permission for families to use urgent care or emergency department services

By requiring families to choose a care provider from the MC network and not allowing access to other services without their provider's permission

Which of the following best describes one of the outcomes of the incentives and pressures for cost control and improved health outcomes? Expansion in alternative health care agencies Improvements in client teaching materials Public pressure to improve health professionals' education Development and increased use of telehealth technology

Development and increased use of telehealth technology

Which of the following addictive drugs is both legal and culturally acceptable throughout almost all of the United States? Beer Caffeine Cigarettes (nicotine) Mixed alcoholic beverages

Caffeine

A pregnant teen asks the school nurse to provide information on abortion and a list of health care providers who offer such services. If the school nurse has very strong personal beliefs against abortion, which of the following actions should be taken by the nurse? Call in another nurse to care for this client. Explain, from the nurse's perspective, all the reasons that abortion should be made illegal. Offer the student a combination of oral contraceptives to induce spontaneous abortion. Provide information on alternatives to abortion and give the client information on adoption agencies.

Call in another nurse to care for this client.

A man is diagnosed with prostate cancer. Which of the following data should the nurse know to answer the man when he asks, "What are the chances I'll survive this thing?" Attack rate Case fatality rate Cause-specific morbidity rate Crude mortality rate

Case fatality rate

A nurse who is providing diabetes screening at a community clinic discovers that a new client has type 2 diabetes mellitus. The nurse provides counseling, refers the client to an endocrinologist for initial assessment and treatment, arranges for the client to see someone regarding financial assistance, contacts the mobile van to arrange transportation, and sets up a follow-up appointment. Which of the following types of service do these actions represent? Case management Client advocacy Holistic care Wrap-around services

Case management

A nurse is using a case management plan to maximize patient care outcomes. Which of the following describes an important consideration that should be made by the nurse? Case management plans should be used only by nurses to manage care. Case management plans should be individualized for each client. Case managements plans provide additional expense to the client and family. Case management plans focus on the natural progression of the disease.

Case management plans should be individualized for each client.

Which of the following best explains why every client doesn't receive care from a case manager? Case management time is demanding; thus it is restricted to complex cases. Many health agencies do not employ case managers. Most clients would not benefit from case management. Most nurses do not know how to function as case managers.

Case management time is demanding; thus it is restricted to complex cases.

Which of the following best explains why some health clinics allow clients to be tested for HIV anonymously with no record of the client's name, address, or contact information? Client doesn't actually ever have to be told the results of the test. Client may be engaged in illegal activities (drug use). Client plans on not paying for the test and collection agencies will not be able to harass them. Client wants to be sure care providers don't share results with their family.

Client may be engaged in illegal activities (drug use).

Which of the following best explains why the home health nurse would essentially repeat the same information given to the client by the nurse in the hospital? Clients find it difficult to learn in the midst of the stress of the acute care setting and often don't remember what the hospital nurse taught. Hearing something from a different person, using different words and examples, can help ensure that learning is retained. Home health nurses often don't know what hospital-based nurses have already taught. Learning depends on receiving information more than once.

Clients find it difficult to learn in the midst of the stress of the acute care setting and often don't remember what the hospital nurse taught.

Which of the following types of study should the nurse researcher choose if the goal is to identify the long-term benefits and risks of a particular nursing intervention for senior citizens living in the community? Cross-sectional study Ecological study Clinical trial Retrospective analysis

Clinical trial

Which of the following actions represents the use of secondary prevention to reduce environmental health risks? a. Collecting blood specimens from preschool children to check for lead levels b. Meeting with local government officials to request that the city clean up a hazardous vacant lot c. Referring a child with toxic lead levels to a neurologist d. Teaching parents of a 2-year-old about the dangers of lead-based paint in older homes

Collecting blood specimens from preschool children to check for lead levels

A colonist is working in the public health sector in early colonial America. Which of the following activities would have likely been completed? a. Establishing schools of nursing b. Developing vaccines to administer to large numbers of people c. Collecting vital statistics and improving sanitation d. Developing public housing and almshouses

Collecting vital statistics and improving sanitation

Which of the following statements best describes how workers' compensation legislation has changed employer behavior? Employers have improved safety of working conditions because safety data is now public information. Companies have improved safety of working conditions because worker's compensation insurance premiums are now based on previous claims. Employers were legally required to implement safety changes. Companies have become more involved in the legislative process

Companies have improved safety of working conditions because worker's compensation insurance premiums are now based on previous claims.

Several small communities have applied for grant funding from the state department of health to help decrease their teenage pregnancy rate. Which of the following communities should the nurse suggest receive funding first? Community A—with 23 single teenage pregnancies in a city of 500 Community B—with 45 single teenage pregnancies in a city of 1000 Community C—with 90 single teenage pregnancies in a city of 2000 Community D—with 90 single teenage pregnancies in a city of 1500

Community D—with 90 single teenage pregnancies in a city of 1500

A public health nurse is working with a client who does not have health insurance. Where will the nurse most likely direct the client to in order to receive care? a. Managed care b. Community health center c. Emergency department d. Physician office

Community health center

At the annual community health fair, the school health nurse displays a science booth that examines the hazards of ineffective hand washing. Which of the following best describes the nurse's role in this scenario? Consultant Community outreach Counselor Researcher

Community outreach

Which of the following is most important for school nurses to master in order to prepare for health care delivery in the future? Complementary and alternative therapies Computer and technology use Psychoanalytical techniques Self-defense techniques

Computer and technology use

A school nurse was talking to the teacher of an 8-year-old child who was living with her mother in their car. Which of the following concerns would lead the nurse to talk to the teacher about the child? Concern that the child is being mistreated by other children Concern that the child has developmental delays Concern that the child is given adequate food during lunch Concern that the child may need to sit in the front in order to be able to see well

Concern that the child has developmental delays

A nurse would like to maximize her autonomy in her parish nursing practice. Which of the following models would most likely be preferred by the nurse? Congregation-based model Institution-based model Teamwork model Partnership model

Congregation-based model

A nurse wishes to develop cultural competence. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? a. Complete a survey of all the various ethnicities represented in the nurse's community. b. Consider how the nurse's own personal beliefs and decisions are reflective of his or her culture. c. Invite a family from another culture to join the nurse for an event. d. Study the beliefs and traditions of persons living in other cultures.

Consider how the nurse's own personal beliefs and decisions are reflective of his or her culture

A nurse is determining whether a hospital has the right to require infected patients to be isolated against their will. To which type of law will the nurse refer? Common law Constitutional law Legislation and regulation Judicial law

Constitutional law

A school health nurse is requested by the board of education to assist in choosing new playground equipment for an elementary school that meets safety standards. Which of the following best describes the nurse's role in this scenario?a. Case manager Consultant Counselor Health educator

Consultant

A bill with the potential to decrease health care services is passed by Congress. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to influence the bill's implications? Exercise veto power by calling for petitions from health care agencies. Contact the regulatory agency and participate in public hearings. Call members of congress to request that they rescind the legislation that was passed. Discuss the change in services with the administrators at the hospital.

Contact the regulatory agency and participate in public hearings.

A disaster has occurred in the community. Which of the following actions should be taken by the school nurse? Continue activities as much as possible as if nothing had happened Continue to assess for shock and stress Help teachers discuss the disaster with their class Maintain school routines and activities

Continue to assess for shock and stress

Which of the following is a potential advantage of hospital-based home health agencies over other types of home care agencies? Administration and management benefits are gained from the expertise of two boards of experts. Continuity of care is enhanced. Health promotion and illness prevention concerns take precedence over acute care and rehabilitation. They are eligible for tax exemptions through affiliated agencies.

Continuity of care is enhanced.

A parish nurse organizes the annual health fair for the congregation, inviting community agencies to attend the event and display the health resources that are available in the community. What function of the parish nurse is being demonstrated? Health advocate Referral agent Health educator Coordinator of volunteers

Coordinator of volunteers

Which of the following would be the best way for the school nurse to fulfill his or her responsibilities in an emergency situation? Tell all staff to call 911 if the nurse is not in the building. Arrange to always be available, even if only by phone. Create and share an emergency plan with all teachers and staff. Wear a pager so that the nurse can come as soon as humanly possible.

Create and share an emergency plan with all teachers and staff.

Which of the following statements regarding the Health Belief Model is accurate? Cues to action are an important component of the model. Multiple methods of education should be used when implementing this model. The first stage experienced in this model is the pre-contemplation stage. To successfully implement this model, ongoing maintenance of the behavior must be considered.

Cues to action are an important component of the model.

A male nurse had a habit of sitting with the lower part of one leg resting over the knee of his opposite leg when collecting a client's history. He stopped doing this around Muslim clients after being told that Muslims were offended when he exposed the sole of his foot (shoe) to their face. Which of the following was exhibited by the nurse when he changed his behavior? a. Cultural accommodation b. Cultural imposition c. Cultural repatterning d. Cultural skill

Cultural skill

The nurse practitioner (NP) discovered that an immigrant client is not taking the penicillin prescribed because his illness is "hot" and he believes that penicillin, a "hot" medicine, will not provide balance. Which of the following terms best describes the action taken by the NP when the client's prescription is changed to a different yet equally effective antibiotic? a. Cultural awareness b. Cultural brokering c. Cultural knowledge d. Cultural skill

Cultural skill

Some nurses are debating about the appropriate action to take in relation to a particular family. The father is ill, and the other family members have chosen to continue working rather than take time off to care for the ill family member. One nurse states, "It is a wife's responsibility to care for an ill husband." Which of the following ethical approaches is being used by this nurse? a. Consequentialism b. Communitarianism c. Deontological ethics d. Principlism

Deontological ethics

A nurse is using analytic epidemiology when conducting a research project. Which of the following projects is the nurse most likely completing? Reviewing communicable disease statistics Determining factors contributing to childhood obesity Analyzing locations where family violence is increasing Documenting population characteristics for healthy older citizens

Determining factors contributing to childhood obesity

The wife of an abusive husband reports to the nurse that her husband has been increasingly more abusive over the past year. Which of the following should be the first action that is taken by the nurse? Arrange for the couple to attend marital counseling. Develop a plan for the wife's escape if the violence starts again. Teach the client how to avoid initiating her husband's anger. Work with the client on development of self-esteem.

Develop a plan for the wife's escape if the violence starts again.

A nurse is working to ensure long-term positive health outcomes of poor pregnant teens and their children. Which of the following actions would the nurse most likely take? Assist teen mothers to learn about their body changes during pregnancy. Develop programs that allow teen mothers to complete their education. Offer courses in proper care of babies and how to be a parent. Monitor pregnant teens to detect early problems with pregnancy.

Develop programs that allow teen mothers to complete their education.

A nurse is using the problem identification phase of the case management process. To which of the following phases of the nursing process does this correspond? Assessment phase Diagnosis phase Planning phase Implementation phase

Diagnosis phase

A community health nurse would like to implement an intervention to increase lasting resilience among new immigrants. Which of the following actions should be taken by the nurse? Direct clients to English-as-second-language courses. Give immigrant clients money to help them get settled. Identify areas in the city where housing is less expensive. Solicit donations for food, clothing, and other needs.

Direct clients to English-as-second-language courses.

A community health nurse is implementing a tertiary prevention activity related to tuberculosis. Which of the following interventions is the nurse most likely completing? Administration of skin tests to identify persons who have been infected with tubercle bacilli Assessing for signs and symptoms of active tuberculosis Directly observing clients with active tuberculosis as they take their antitubercular medications Interpretation of tuberculosis skin test findings

Directly observing clients with active tuberculosis as they take their antitubercular medications

Which of the following actions would a nurse take to reduce the high incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in a community? Introduction of a heart-healthy curriculum beginning in the first grade, presentations on diet and exercise for the community at large, and special education sessions for high-risk populations Provision of online activities related to prevention of cardiac disease, smoking reduction programs, and blood pressure screenings Distribution of handouts, including age-appropriate games, self-assessments, and education on heart-healthy lifestyles; availability of community screenings for hyperlipidemia in persons age 35 and older; and walking programs for those affected with CAD Enrollment of clients with CAD into cardiac rehabilitation programs, routine evaluation of effectiveness of CAD treatment regimens, and participation in clinical trials that evaluate interventions for those diagnosed with CAD

Distribution of handouts, including age-appropriate games, self-assessments, and education on heart-healthy lifestyles; availability of community screenings for hyperlipidemia in persons age 35 and older; and walking programs for those affected with CAD

The staff cannot reach an agreement on what is the right thing to do in relation to a specific patient. Which of the following approaches should the nurse use in personally deciding what is right? Do whatever will not get the nurse in trouble with employer. Do whatever is supported by an ethical expert, such as the hospital chaplain. Do whatever the nurse would recommend to anyone in a similar situation. Do whatever the nurse supervisor would feel comfortable reporting to administration.

Do whatever the nurse would recommend to anyone in a similar situation.

A community health nurse drives through her assigned community before visiting the community groups scheduled for the day. She then drives through the community again that evening before going home. Which of the following best describes the nurse's reason for driving through the community twice in the same day? On the second trip, the nurse can carefully confirm the results of the first assessment. Repeating the experience ensures that the nurse absorbed all the relevant details. Driving through twice allows the nurse to see the community when many residents are at work or at school and then again when most are at home. When leaving in the evening, the nurse has more time to write down the results of the earlier assessment.

Driving through twice allows the nurse to see the community when many residents are at work or at school and then again when most are at home.

A man who takes a prescribed narcotic for pain on a regular basis reports that he does not like the way the medicine makes him feel. He has tried to change to an alternate analgesic but experienced withdrawal symptoms when he stopped taking the narcotic. Which of the following problems is the man experiencing? Drug abuse Drug addiction Drug dependence Substance abuse

Drug dependence

A nurse who works for a hospital in employee health notes that several nurses from one unit have missed work after contracting a communicable disease from a patient. Which of the following best describes the host factor? Each sick nurse The communicable disease The hospital The patient

Each sick nurse

A nurse would like to implement a primary prevention effort to decrease the leading cause of death among children and teenagers. Which of the following actions would the nurse most likely take? Educate students about injury prevention measures. Provide free condoms to sexually active students. Screen for signs and symptoms of cancer. Invite a guest speaker to talk about living with HIV.

Educate students about injury prevention measures.

A case manager implements a primary prevention activity. Which of the following actions would the nurse most likely complete? Advocating for the client whose values conflict with those of the medical service provider Collaborating between nursing and occupational health personnel Educating a group regarding community services that are available if ever needed d. Resolving conflict between a primary-care clinic and a tertiary health care facility

Educating a group regarding community services that are available if ever needed

When evaluating an educational program, the nurse discovers that only 25% of community members met the learning objectives. Which of the following parts of the program should be improved? a. Educator b. Content c. Learners d. Objectives

Educator

Which of the following best describes the characteristic appearance of lesions of human papillomavirus (HPV)? Solitary growth with elevated borders and a central depression Elevated growths with a "cauliflower" appearance Thin-walled pustules that rupture to form honey-colored crusts Vesicles that ulcerate and crust within 1 to 4 days

Elevated growths with a "cauliflower" appearance

In which of the following settings have nurses most often reported being the victims of violence, especially by patients and their families? Acute care inpatient settings Community clinics and physicians' offices Emergency departments and psychiatric units In homes during home health visits

Emergency departments and psychiatric units

A nurse reports that in comparison to all the children in a particular school, the children who are members of the Cub Scouts have 0.3 risk for obesity before entering the sixth grade. Which of the following recommendations would the nurse make to the new parents of two boys who had just moved into this school's neighborhood? Discourage the parents from enrolling their sons in Cub Scouts because of the risk. Don't say anything about Cub Scouts, because it isn't relevant to nursing care. Encourage the parents to enroll their sons in Cub Scouts. Share the finding and let the parents draw whatever conclusions they feel appropriate.

Encourage the parents to enroll their sons in Cub Scouts.

Which of the following components of the epidemiologic triangle contributes most to a female client developing a vaginal infection caused by fungi after successful treatment of her strep throat with antibiotics? Agent Environment Host Agent and host

Environment

A city has announced its plans to build a city dump near a community of poor and predominantly African American citizens. Which of the following principles would the nurse be using when vocalizing opposition for this plan? a. Environmental justice b. Environmental epidemiology c. Tertiary prevention d. Risk communication

Environmental justice

. A nurse is examining all of the various factors which can lead to disease. Which of the following models would the nurse most likely use? Epidemiologic triangle Health promotion Levels of prevention Natural history of disease

Epidemiologic triangle

Which of the following best describes ideal primary health care? a. Based on a multidisciplinary group of health care providers that work as a team b. Essential care available to all community members, which encourages self-management c. Focused on health promotion and disease prevention for everyone enrolled in the health center d. Local efforts to meet the Declaration of Alma Ata principles

Essential care available to all community members, which encourages self-management

A parish nurse is evaluating health programs that provide holistic care across the life span. Which of the following methods would be the most appropriate approach? Bringing families together to plan programs to meet the needs of individuals Establishing a wellness committee to assist in the evaluation process Matching financial resources with program objectives and goals Revisiting assessment data to be certain that planning reflects actual problems observed

Establishing a wellness committee to assist in the evaluation process

How can ethics be applied to public health nursing practice? a. Ethics and actual nursing practice are not related. b. Knowing ethics allows nurse to recognize the source of most problems. c. Ethics is constantly involved in nurses' clinical decisions. d. Although ethics is important, political and legal responsibilities are more important in practice.

Ethics is constantly involved in nurses' clinical decisions.

An American nurse says, "I'm not going to change the way I practice nursing based on where the client is from because research shows that Western health care technology and research is best." Which of the following is being demonstrated by the nurse's statement? a. Ethnocentrism b. Prejudice c. Racism d. Stereotyping

Ethnocentrism

A nurse is employed as a nurse epidemiologist. Which of the following activities would most likely be completed by the nurse? Eliciting the health history of a client presenting with an illness Evaluating the number of clients presenting with similar diseases Performing a physical examination of an ill client Providing treatment and health education to a client with a disease

Evaluating the number of clients presenting with similar diseases

Which of the following would most likely be one of the first steps taken in employer disaster planning? All employees are invited to attend sessions on disaster planning. Employers stress the importance of disaster drills and encourage active participation. Exhaustive inventory of chemicals and industrial hazards is completed. Written disaster plans are distributed to each employee and each worksite.

Exhaustive inventory of chemicals and industrial hazards is completed.

Mexican immigrants who take metamizole ("Mexican aspirin") for pain may experience life-threatening agranulocytosis. Which of the following actions would be taken by a nurse who employs cultural repatterning? a. Complete a cultural assessment to identify any other dangerous medications that the client may be taking. b. Put this into perspective by considering that many drugs used in the United States cause agranulocytosis. c. Explain the harmful effects of metamizole and recommend an alternative medication for pain. d. Recognize that taking metamizole is common among persons living in Mexico and accept this as a cultural tradition.

Explain the harmful effects of metamizole and recommend an alternative medication for pain.

A nurse planned a presentation about the latest trends in disaster planning for the senior nursing students at the local college. However, when the nurse began to share the information, the students were talking to one another and essentially ignoring the nurse. Which of the following actions should be taken by the nurse? Ask the students why they are being so rude. Explain why the information is crucial to their current clinical practice. Nothing; let the instructor of the course handle the problem. Tell a joke to get the students' attention.

Explain why the information is crucial to their current clinical practice.

A public health agency is planning to implement the electronic health record. Which of the following is a benefit of this choice? a. Facilitation of interprofessional care b. Improved client compliance with medical regimens c. Cost savings to the agency d. Compliance with JCAHO standards

Facilitation of interprofessional care

Which of the following best describes services that are offered at a school-based health center? Employee care at a discounted cost at the school Family-centered care for preK-12 grade students Sex education, birth control, family planning, and care throughout pregnancy Referral and networking with other health care services in the community

Family-centered care for preK-12 grade students

A public health nurse is determining what type of programming should be developed for the community. Which of the following is the most crucial factor that will influence program development? a. Comprehensive assessment and planning done in the community b. Documented needs of the local community c. Federal funding for priority diseases or groups d. Nursing staff's expertise and skills

Federal funding for priority diseases or groups

With which of the following ethical approaches are Gilligan and Noddings associated? a. Distributive justice approach b. Feminine ethic c. Principlism approach d. Virtue ethics

Feminine ethic

There is great concern in the nurse's community over three local cases of West Nile virus. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to get the community involved in addressing this problem? Ask the state department of health for assistance Demand that everyone over age 65 become immunized immediately Encourage immunization of all children under 12 Have an educational campaign to remove any containers of standing water

Have an educational campaign to remove any containers of standing water

Nurses at a homeless clinic are concerned that homeless clients rarely return to have the nurses assess the findings of their tuberculosis (TB) skin tests. Which of the following is the most appropriate policy for the clinic to have regarding the screening test findings? Call all homeless clients 48 hours after TB skin testing to remind them to return to the clinic for test interpretation. Have homeless individuals read their TB skin test, if necessary, and mail in results on a postage-paid card coded to protect privacy. Readminister the TB skin test if the client returns later than scheduled for test interpretation. Routinely refer all homeless clients for chest X-rays.

Have homeless individuals read their TB skin test, if necessary, and mail in results on a postage-paid card coded to protect privacy.

Which of the following interventions regarding worker safety would be the least effective? Using job rotation and workplace monitoring Designing equipment so that employee exposure to hazards is minimized Having employees use safety measures and personal protective equipment Designing the environment to encourage employees to follow workplace procedures

Having employees use safety measures and personal protective equipment

Why did the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company establish and retain for several years the first community nursing health program for policyholders? a. Creating such a service was the morally correct thing to do. b. Employing nurses directly was less expensive than paying taxes to the city for the same purpose. c. Having the company's nurses make home visits increased worker morale. d. Having public health nurses visit policyholders and their families led to a decline in policyholder deaths, thus lowering costs for the insurance company.

Having public health nurses visit policyholders and their families led to a decline in policyholder deaths, thus lowering costs for the insurance company.

Which of the following best describes community-oriented nursing? Focusing on the provision of care to individuals and families Providing care to manage acute or chronic conditions c. Giving direct care to ill individuals within their family setting d. Having the goal of health promotion and disease prevention

Having the goal of health promotion and disease prevention

A nurse was shocked when late one night she saw a former high school friend going through a trash bin outside a fast-food restaurant and pulling out half-eaten food. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for a healthy young adult engaging in such behavior? He ate his meal but wanted more and had no more money. He had full-time employment, but with such a low salary it was inadequate to meet basic expenses. A friend had thrown his meal away, and he thought he could find his friend's untouched food. He was doing this to fulfill an obligation of fraternity initiation at the college.

He had full-time employment, but with such a low salary it was inadequate to meet basic expenses.

A nurse is concerned about the possibility of suicide in a teenage boy. Which of the following characteristics has the boy most likely displayed? He has threatened harm to his school peers. He is between the ages of 15 and 19. He is depressed and has a history of being sexually abused. He has been accused of abusing an animal.

He is depressed and has a history of being sexually abused.

Which of the following best describes the cost of health care in the United States? a. Health care costs are kept low, and the indicators of health are among the best worldwide. b. Health care costs are low which has resulted in poor health outcomes. c. Health care costs are the highest in the world, but the indicators of health are not the best worldwide. d. Health care costs and indicators of health are the highest in the world.

Health care costs are the highest in the world, but the indicators of health are not the best worldwide.

Which of the following is the primary focus of public health nursing? Families and groups Illness-oriented care Individuals within the family unit Health care of communities and populations

Health care of communities and populations

Which of the following infectious disease interventions best represents the use of secondary prevention? Clients with HIV infection are encouraged to use condoms to protect sexual partners. Clients with HIV infection are given medications to improve immunological response. Health care workers are encouraged to receive annual vaccinations for influenza. Health care workers are required to have a tuberculosis skin test or chest X-ray.

Health care workers are required to have a tuberculosis skin test or chest X-ray.

To help congregation members better meet their nutritional needs, the parish nurse organized members to participate in activities that focused on fellowship while providing healthy meals to homebound members and serving "healthy heart" church suppers. Which of the following activities is being completed? Holistic care Health ministries Partnerships Pastoral care practices

Health ministries

Which of the following statements best describes the most essential difference between home health care and acute client care? Acute client care is individualized for the client and family. Home health care is provided in the client's environment. Reimbursement for home health care varies from that of care provided in institutions. The focus of acute client care is on community health.

Home health care is provided in the client's environment.

A nurse has just received word that Medicaid will reimburse for care provided to a homeless man with schizophrenia who is afraid to come to the clinic to receive health care. Which of the following best describes this type of nursing? Community-oriented nursing Home health nursing Hospice nursing Private duty nursing

Home health nursing

A nurse is investigating a bacterial illness that has caused a health problem in the community. Only some of the people exposed to the bacteria have become ill. Which of the following factors best explains why this would have happened? Chemical agent factors Environmental factors Host factors Physical agent factors

Host factors

Which of the following hospital employees are most at risk for being exposed to and possibly developing active drug-resistant TB? Housekeeping staff Medical staff Nursing staff Ward clerks

Housekeeping staff

device is used to put on shoes. Which phase of the nursing process is the nurse's current focus? Outcome identification Planning Implementation Evaluation

Implementation

Which of the following best describes case management? A tool of health maintenance organizations Targeted toward a specific segment of the population Implemented with individual clients Used to monitor the health status, resources, and outcomes for an aggregate

Implemented with individual clients

Which of the following best describes case management? A tool of health maintenance organizations Targeted toward a specific segment of the population Implemented with individual clients Used to monitor the health status, resources, and outcomes for an aggregate

Implemented with individual clients

nurse is focusing on the process dimension of a community's health. Which of the following interventions will the nurse most likely implement? Assessing the health care services available in a community Establishing screening programs to diagnosis diseases as early as possible so treatment can begin Implementing health promotion activities such as education programs Planning for new programs to be developed based on identified needs

Implementing health promotion activities such as education programs

A student comes to the college health clinic with typical cold symptoms of fever, sneezing, and coughing, but the nurse also notes small white spots on the inside of the student's cheeks. Which of the following actions should be taken by the college health nurse? Inform all students, staff, and faculty of a possible rubella epidemic. Inform all students, staff, and faculty of a possible measles epidemic. Reassure the student that it is just a bad cold and will soon pass. Tell the student to take two acetaminophen and drink lots of fluids.

Inform all students, staff, and faculty of a possible measles epidemic.

A nurse is concerned about the prevalence of tuberculosis among migrant farmworkers. Which of the following activities would be best to use when implementing tertiary prevention? Administer purified protein derivative (PPD) to contacts of those with tuberculosis. Initiate directly observed therapy (DOT) for tuberculosis treatment. Provide education about the prevention of tuberculosis to members of the migrant community. Use skin tests to screen migrant health workers for tuberculosis infection.

Initiate directly observed therapy (DOT) for tuberculosis treatment.

A nurse practitioner has established a mobile clinic to vaccinate adults against influenza. Which of the following phases of the nursing process is being implemented? a. Assessment b. Planning c. Intervention d. Evaluation

Intervention

A nurse is asked to meet with a family who recently immigrated from Botswana (Africa). After the physician tells the husband the wife's diagnosis of breast cancer, the family thanks the physician and starts to leave. Ethically, which of the following is the nurse's most important action? a. Emphasizing that the family must set up a surgical appointment for the wife immediately b. Assessing the family's current living situation, including insurance and other assets c. Educating the family concerning the usual treatment and the prognosis of breast cancer d. Interviewing the family concerning their perspective of the threat to the family's well-being

Interviewing the family concerning their perspective of the threat to the family's well-being

Which of the following events led to the emphasis on home care nurses caring for acutely ill clients and the increased demands for extensive documentation? Advances in medical technology and pharmacology Increased number of lawsuits for substandard care Introduction of Medicare Social Security Act of the 1930s

Introduction of Medicare

Which of the following best explains why chlamydia is a major focus of public health efforts? It has more serious long-term outcomes than other STDs. It can cause problems in infants born to infected mothers. It is not frequently seen in the United States. It is so difficult and expensive to treat.

It can cause problems in infants born to infected mothers.

Which of the following is the most common vector-borne disease in the United States? Babesiosis Ehrlichiosis Lyme disease Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Lyme disease

The leader of an Alzheimer's support group surveys the members of the group to determine the best time for the group to meet. Which of the following norms is being supported through this action? Group norms Task norms Maintenance norms Reality norms

Maintenance norms

Which of the following is the leading cause of disability for Americans 15 to 44 years of age? Accidents Arthritis Major depression Workplace injuries

Major depression

The state board of nursing has written new regulations to clarify in a more concrete manner what the nurse practice act allows and requires. Which of the following effects will this change have on nurses in this state? None, because they are just helpful guidelines for maximum safety None, because they just give specifics that may change over time Major, because prudent nurses would follow such regulations Major, because these rules and regulations have the effect of law and must be obeyed

Major, because these rules and regulations have the effect of law and must be obeyed

Which of the following is the most common vector-borne disease worldwide? Dengue Malaria Onchocerciasis (river blindness) Yellow fever

Malaria

The nurse gives a very informative and engaging presentation and then gives everyone in the audience a handout that outlines the presentation. Later, the nurse discovers that many of the handouts were thrown away before the audience left the building. Which of the following educational principles has the nurse forgotten? Audiences expect PowerPoint or video presentations, not lectures. Many Americans do not have a high reading level. People want photographs and images, not wordy outlines. The nurse gave them too much information too fast for them to want to cope with it all.

Many Americans do not have a high reading level.

Which of the following is an accurate concern about the use of marijuana? Marijuana has painful withdrawal symptoms. Marijuana may damage the respiratory tract. Marijuana can often reduce pain but physicians refuse to prescribe it. Marijuana quickly leads to psychological and physiological dependence.

Marijuana may damage the respiratory tract.

A nurse wants to find information about environmental threats that are present in the community. Which of the following would be the best source of data for the nurse? a. Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL) database b. National Library of Medicine c. State health department d. Closest local library

National Library of Medicine

A case manager advocates for a client by helping an insurer understand the client's needs and desires and by helping the client understand programs and benefits offered by the insurer. What role is the nurse? Arbitrator Systems allocator Mediator Negotiator

Negotiator

Which of the following groups should the occupational health nurse devote the most time to regarding education and follow-up evaluation? New workers employed less than 1 year Older workers with chronic illnesses Older workers with diminished hearing Women in their childbearing years

New workers employed less than 1 year

Which of the following is generally considered to be nursing's first code of ethics? a. Nightingale Pledge b. Code for Professional Nurses c. Code of Ethics for Nurses d. Principles of the Ethical Practice of Public Health

Nightingale Pledge

A school nurse listens as one student talks about another student being upset because his father frequently spanks him with a leather belt that leaves big marks on the student's back. But the student begs the nurse not to tell anyone because he promised the friend that the information would never be shared. Which of the following actions should be taken by the nurse? Ask the student if abuse has occurred. Call in the named student and ask him to remove his shirt. Discuss the conversation with the student's parents. Notify the legal authorities.

Notify the legal authorities.

Which of the following best explains why school nurses are involved in helping teachers with the task of teaching children how to practice problem solving, communication, and other life skills? Teacher shortages have required nurses to be increasingly involved in teaching life skills. Because so many nurses want to be employed in schools, this responsibility was assumed to increase employment opportunities. States are requiring nurses to screen and to teach life skills. Nurses have been enlisted in this role to help reduce risk factors for future health problems in school children.

Nurses have been enlisted in this role to help reduce risk factors for future health problems in school children.

Why were nurses so unprepared for public health nursing in the early 20th century? a. Public health nursing had not yet been created as a field. b. No one would teach the nurses how to engage in public health activities. c. Nightingale's textbook did not include content on public health nursing. d. Nurses were educated in diploma schools, which focused on care of hospitalized clients.

Nurses were educated in diploma schools, which focused on care of hospitalized clients.

A family from Mexico comes to the public health department. No one in the family speaks English, and nobody at the health department speaks Spanish. Which of the following actions should be taken by the nurse? a. Attempt communication using an English-Spanish phrase book. b. Call the local hospital and arrange a referral. c. Emphatically state, "No hablo Español" (I don't speak Spanish). d. Obtain an interpreter to translate.

Obtain an interpreter to translate.

A high school student considering a job in the restaurant industry after graduation asks a nurse about workplace safety issues. Which of the following acts would the nurse most likely discuss with the student? a. Chemical Safety Information, Site Security, and Fuels Regulatory Act b. Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act c. Food Quality Protection Act d. Occupational Safety and Health Act

Occupational Safety and Health Act

hich of the following objectives is most appropriate for the development of a community-oriented nursing care plan? All monitored patients will receive abortive therapy for lethal dysrhythmias within 3 minutes of dysrhythmia recognition. Of mothers receiving nutrition counseling, 80% will identify five sources of calcium by the end of class. 95% of children will be immunized by 1 year of age. There will be a 25% reduction in health disparities by 2015.

Of mothers receiving nutrition counseling, 80% will identify five sources of calcium by the end of class.

The nurse who works at a homeless clinic wants to improve healing of chronic wounds in clients living on the streets. Which of the following would be the best action to take to improve client outcomes? Provide antibiotics to all homeless persons with chronic, nonhealing wounds Offer daily access to a room with soap, water, and bandages Hand out free bandaging supplies following each clinic visit Perform regular monitoring of the client's wound condition

Offer daily access to a room with soap, water, and bandages

A young woman had been away from home several years before she returned home sick and disheartened. Her mother called a nurse to help. Which of the following behaviors would suggest that the caregiver who arrived was a parish nurse? Advanced nursing practice education and skills Compassionate, skilled, dedicated touch Offered a prayer with the daughter and mother Willingness to do whatever was needed by mother or daughter

Offered a prayer with the daughter and mother

Which of the following types of home health agencies emphasizes health promotion and illness prevention? Combination agencies Hospital-based agencies Official agencies Proprietary agencies

Official agencies

Which of the following best describes when the home health nurse must document required Outcome and Assessment Information Set (OASIS-C2) data? Before any episode of hospitalization After each home health visit For all incidences of error or mistake in care On first admission to home health care

On first admission to home health care

A nurse is trying to decrease the risk for depression among older adults. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement? Encourage moving to a nursing home where others of the same age reside. Monitor for signs and symptoms of depression. Organize an exercise and health promotion program at the local senior citizen center. Teach older clients to focus on their strengths rather than their weaknesses.

Organize an exercise and health promotion program at the local senior citizen center.

A nurse is advocating for the public health department to increase the number of public health nurses that it employs. Which of the following factors should the nurse emphasize? Providing disease investigation training Providing research opportunities Providing leadership experiences Providing salaries commensurate with responsibilities

Providing salaries commensurate with responsibilities

A man entered the emergency department bleeding profusely and screaming, "I've got to see a doctor right now! I've got a right to see a doctor! I'm hurt. You have to take care of me!" Which of the following premises would ethically justify such a demand for immediate attention? a. All hospitals receive federal money and all capable employed adults pay taxes, so all adults have a right to what their tax money has purchased. b. Saving an individual's life improves society and upholds tradition. c. Our society believes that all persons should be treated equally and that basic needs, such as not dying if death can be avoided, should be met. d. The man has a property right to his own body, and the government is responsible to ensure that property rights are protected.

Our society believes that all persons should be treated equally and that basic needs, such as not dying if death can be avoided, should be met.

When meeting with a client and family, the home health nurse says, "We have discussed your health problems and limitations. Now tell me what level of health and function you hope to achieve." In which of the following phases of the nursing process is the nurse engaging? Assessment Diagnosis Outcome identification Planning

Outcome identification

A nurse uses lecturing as the primary method of educating clients. Which part of the education process is missing?a. Evaluation b. Experience c. Participation d. Understanding

Participation

A community mental health nurse is working within the community to help prevent youth violence. Which of the following interventions would most likely be implemented by the nurse? Distributing literature that associates violence with a lack of intelligence Explaining to youth why youth violence is detrimental to society Partnering with associations to provide alternative activities that improve social skills Recommending increased funding to prosecute and jail teens associated with violent activity

Partnering with associations to provide alternative activities that improve social skills

A parish nurse is using the institution-based model to plan care for a client with a chronic illness. Which of the following activities would the nurse most likely implement? Bringing in family members to work with the client and nurse in decision making Partnering with outlying health care centers for coordinating optimal care Pulling from the collective strengths of faith-based community members for social support for the client Relying on congregational prayer as a component of healing

Partnering with outlying health care centers for coordinating optimal care

A parish nurse is implementing a primary prevention measure related to obesity among the school-age members of the church. Which of the following activities is most likely being used by the nurse? Establishing a walking program that is sufficiently challenging yet not too strenuous for those who are obese Partnering with youth camp cooks to ensure that food is nutritious Supervising height and weight measurements taken by clinic assistants Working with parents of obese children to implement family lifestyle changes

Partnering with youth camp cooks to ensure that food is nutritious

During an outbreak of hepatitis A, nurses are giving injections of hepatitis A immunoglobulin to selected susceptible persons. Which of the following best describes the type of immunity that will follow the administration of these injections? Active immunity Acquired immunity Natural immunity Passive immunity

Passive immunity

In the agency, one of the nurses spent all available time visiting a group of persons with mental health problems who were trying to remain functional in the community. Which of the following types of assignments did the nurse most likely have? Home-based primary care Population-focused home care Proprietary home care Transitional care

Population-focused home care

Which of the following is the primary cause of vulnerability to health problems? Breakdown of family structures Poverty Prejudice Social isolation

Poverty

This year 600 of 8000 young women age 17 to 20 years at a university health center tested positive for a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Which of the following terms best describes this data? An epidemic Incidence Prevalence Risk

Prevalence

Which of the following is a common factor typically found in those who abuse others? Fear and belief that others are "out to get them" Poor self-esteem and unawareness of alternatives Previous observations of violent behaviors to manage conflict Difficulty keeping commitments

Previous observations of violent behaviors to manage conflict

The school health nurse has enlisted the assistance of high school role models in the areas of sports and scholarship to provide an antidrug presentation to their peers. Which of the following levels of prevention is being implemented? Primary Secondary Tertiary Both primary and secondary

Primary

The occupational health nurse continually reminds employees to wear their safety goggles and ear plugs. Which of the following levels of prevention is being implemented? Both secondary and tertiary prevention Primary prevention Secondary prevention Tertiary prevention

Primary prevention

When teaching a nutrition class to a student group with a large Hispanic population, the school nurse incorporates foods such as salsa and other healthy dishes familiar to Hispanic students into the presentation. Which of the following best describes the action taken by the nurse? a. Primary prevention b. Secondary prevention c. Tertiary prevention d. Both primary and secondary prevention

Primary prevention

Some nurses are debating about the appropriate action to take in relation to a particular family. One member of the family is ill, and the other family members have chosen to continue working rather than take time off to care for the ill family member. One nurse states, "But it doesn't have to be an either/or situation. Perhaps each family member could take a turn calling in sick just 2 or 3 days. That way they could all take a turn at helping and yet not upset their employers. Wouldn't that be fair?" Which of the following ethical approaches is being used by this nurse? a. Communitarianism b. Deontology c. Principlism d. Utilitarianism

Principlism

Some nurses are debating about the appropriate action to take in relation to a particular family. One member of the family is ill, and the other family members have chosen to continue working rather than take time off to care for the ill family member. One nurse states, "It's not up to us; it's the family's decision. They know what is best for them." Which of the following ethical approaches is being used by this nurse? a. Communitarianism b. Deontology c. Principlism d. Utilitarianism

Principlism

At a town meeting with public health officials to discuss a communicable disease outbreak, a nurse is asked to explain what is meant by the phrase "a virulent organism." The nurse explains that this means the organism causing the disease is able to do which of the following? Bypass normal immunological response mechanisms Invade major organ systems Produce toxins and poisons that weaken the body Produce very severe physical reactions

Produce very severe physical reactions

A nurse is developing a plan to decrease the number of premature deaths in the community. Which of the following interventions would most likely be implemented by the nurse? a. Increase the community's knowledge about hospice care. b. Promote healthy lifestyle behavior choices among the community members. c. Encourage employers to have wellness centers at each industrial site. d. Ensure timely and effective medical intervention and treatment for community members.

Promote healthy lifestyle behavior choices among the community members.

At a county board meeting, a nurse reports statistics related to the increasing problem of substance abuse in the county. The nurse then requests funding for an after-school recreation program that promotes age-appropriate fun activities and sports. Which of the following objectives is the nurse attempting to meet through this action? Help prevent obesity and boredom. Offer alternatives to being "on the streets." Prevent children from getting in trouble before their parents get home from work. Promote healthy lifestyles with physical activity.

Promote healthy lifestyles with physical activity.

A nurse was employed by the Marine Hospital Service in 1800. Which of the following interventions would the nurse most likely have completed? a. Setting policy on quarantine legislation for immigrants b. Establishing hospital-based programs to care for the sick at home c. Identifying and improving environmental conditions d. Providing health care for merchant seamen

Providing health care for merchant seamen

Which of the following is the primary focus of hospice care? Curing or controlling the client's chronic disease Decreasing the waste of acute care (hospital) resources Providing palliative care to maintain comfort until death Teaching the client and family how to care for themselves

Providing palliative care to maintain comfort until death

A family member asks a home health nurse to explain the concept of hospice care. Which of the following would the nurse need to include as the fundamental underlying philosophy of hospice? Enabling the client to die at home Ensuring that the client's living will is upheld Placing experts in the position of power of attorney Providing comfort measures before death

Providing comfort measures before death

A mother confides to the nurse that her live-in boyfriend knocked down her 2-year-old child because he was crying too much. She begs the nurse not to tell anyone because her boyfriend has agreed to take anger management classes. Which of the following actions should be taken by the nurse? Abide by the mother's wishes because this information was provided in confidence. Arrange for counseling for the boyfriend at the earliest possible availability. Encourage the mother to take the child and find alternate housing right away. Report the incident to child protective services or other appropriate legal authority.

Report the incident to child protective services or other appropriate legal authority.

A nurse is determining which health care services must be offered at a local public health clinic. Which of the following factors is most important for the nurse to consider? a. Data available from the most recent community assessment b. Suggestions from community members about what is needed c. Recommendations from Healthy People 2020 d. Services mandated by the state government

Services mandated by the state government

A mother cannot understand why her daughter ran away from home. When the police locate the daughter, she complains of a severe headache, so the police take both of them to the emergency department for assessment. Which of the following potential problems should be assessed by the nurse? The daughter's inability to do well in school Intimacy problems with the daughter's boyfriend The mother's abuse of the daughter over a long period of time Sexual abuse by the father

Sexual abuse by the father

A nurse is practicing in the community but also has the community as the target of practice. Which of the following best describes the activities of this nurse? Providing care to an active caseload of 50 families in the neighborhood Inviting all the parents of asthmatic children in the school to meet together for mutual support Sharing assessment findings and health goals with every community group that will listen Writing articles for the local newspaper highlighting the various programs and services of the local health department

Sharing assessment findings and health goals with every community group that will listen

Which of the following actions by Florence Nightingale demonstrates her role as an epidemiologist? She convinced other women to join her in giving nursing care to all the soldiers. She demonstrated that a safer environment resulted in decreased mortality rate. She obtained safe water and better food supplies and fought the lice and rats. She met with each soldier each evening to say goodnight, thereby giving psychological support.

She demonstrated that a safer environment resulted in decreased mortality rate.

Which of the following laws established programs for provision of health services for women and children and supported community-oriented nursing practice? Early Periodic Screening and Developmental Testing (EPSDT) Initiative Healthy People 2000 Initiative Sheppard-Towner Act State Child Health Improvement Act (SCHIP)

Sheppard-Towner Act

Which of the following factors predisposes many migrant farmworkers to disenfranchisement? Being a minority group member Inability to attend religious services because of work requirements Previous experiences of physical abuse Short length of time in the community

Short length of time in the community

Persons often point out that smokers choose to light their cigarettes, alcoholics lift the glass to their mouth, and drug addicts inject or ingest their drugs. Which of the following statements best describes why nurses don't simply focus on helping persons who engage in poor health behaviors to behave appropriately? Addicts don't have the willpower to change their behavior. It is too rewarding to continue the behavior for a person to be able to change. Laws and policies must reward good healthy behaviors and punish unhealthy behaviors to help individuals recognize the importance of change. Society must offer healthy choices, offer support, and practice helpful policies.

Society must offer healthy choices, offer support, and practice helpful policies.

A nurse is working with a family to reduce the incidence of home violence. Which of the following actions by the nurse would most likely have a positive effect? Being assertive and taking control of decisions because family members cannot be expected to have this ability Focusing attention on family weaknesses that need to be fixed before healing can begin Pointing out things that victims should do differently to avoid antagonizing the abuser Soliciting ideas from the family regarding what they feel will improve their situation

Soliciting ideas from the family regarding what they feel will improve their situation

A nurse is reviewing the original work of the National Organization for Public Health Nursing. Which of the following accomplishments of today was started within this organization? a. Requiring that public health nurses have a baccalaureate degree in nursing b. Standardizing public health nursing education c. Developing public health nursing competencies d. Opening the Henry Street Settlement

Standardizing public health nursing education

The nurse is trying to determine if a disease occurrence needs to be reported to the state health department. Which of the following resources should the nurse use to answer this question? Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Weekly Report Communicable Diseases Weekly Report Nationally notifiable infectious diseases on the CDC website State health department website

State health department website

Who is responsible for determining the scope of practice for registered nurses? American Nurses Association Federal legislators State legislators US Department of Health and Human Services

State legislators

A health care worker tells a nurse, "It does no good to try to teach those Medicaid clients about nutrition because they will just eat what they want to no matter how much we teach them." Which of the following is being demonstrated by this statement? a.Cultural imposition b. Ethnocentrism c. Racism d. Stereotyping

Stereotyping

Which of the following statements best describes the law in relation to clinical practice by nursing students? Students are considered certified until licensure is obtained. Students are expected to meet the same standard of care as the professional nurse. Students are not legally liable for errors because they practice under the license of their instructor. Students have a scope of practice determined by the nurse practice act.

Students are expected to meet the same standard of care as the professional nurse.

A large financial grant was being offered to whichever health facility wanted to accept the responsibility for giving care to local vulnerable populations. Which of the following actions would most likely be taken by the local medical centers? Agree to collaboratively apply for the funds in a cooperative proposal. Individually compete eagerly for the additional funds now available. Reach out enthusiastically to this previously underserved population group. Strongly consider not applying, because this population will be expensive to treat.

Strongly consider not applying, because this population will be expensive to treat.

A school nurse suggests to teachers that they have a session on coping strategies and stress management techniques. The nurse also sets up a peer counseling program. Which of the following is the school nurse most likely trying to prevent? a. Suicide b. Bullying c. Obesity d. Violence

Suicide

Which of the following would confirm that the nurse's advocacy has been truly successful or effective? a. Audiences agree with the nurse who is serving as advocate. b. Legislators discuss appropriate legislation to better allocate resources. c. People verbalize that the disenfranchised should be better treated. d. Systematic social changes are made to improve quality of life.

Systematic social changes are made to improve quality of life.

A nurse is meeting to discuss problems and solutions with a group of teenagers who have been newly diagnosed with diabetes. One teenager states, "My mom found this particular brand of popcorn that has only 15 carbohydrates in the whole giant bag." Which of the following best describes the group purpose that is being served by the teenager's statement? Maintenance function of encouraging everyone to continue the discussion Maintenance function of helping everyone feel comfortable talking about food Task function of resolving problems about what to nibble during movies Task function of sharing information and resources

Task function of sharing information and resources

A home health nurse is caring for a client who has right-sided paresis secondary to a stroke. Which of the following would be the best approach for the nurse to take? Arrange for private duty nurses to assist the client with daily needs. Assist the client with activities of daily living. Teach the client to participate in self-care activities. Teach the family how to care for the client.

Teach the client to participate in self-care activities.

During which of the following activities is the nurse in community health acting as a partner in change? Administering vaccinations to preschoolers Analyzing community problems to determine the best interventions Establishing an elder-care center for older adults living with family members who work Teaching anger management skills to a group of teens in a halfway house

Teaching anger management skills to a group of teens in a halfway house

An occupational health nurse at a local factory is using primary prevention strategies to reduce the environmental health risks among the employees. Which of the following activities would the nurse most likely implement? a. Checking radiation detectors to monitor for unsafe levels of radiation exposure b. Irrigating the eyes of an employee who has had a chemical splash to the face c. Teaching new employees who will work outdoors about the signs and symptoms of heat-related illness d. Using spirometry to rule out obstructive or restrictive lung disease for workers who will be wearing mask respirators

Teaching new employees who will work outdoors about the signs and symptoms of heat-related illness

A nurse advises a client with osteoporosis to have three servings of milk or dairy products daily. Which of the following levels of prevention is being used by the nurse? Primary prevention Secondary prevention c. Tertiary prevention d. Treatment, but not prevention

Tertiary prevention

Which of the following best defines the word politics? a. The art of influencing others b. The outcome of governmental policies c. A provision of power for making decisions d. The result of legislative action

The art of influencing others

An employee in a laboratory drops a flask, resulting in a chemical splash into the employee's eyes, which in turn results in burns to the eyes. Which of the following would be considered the agent? The chemical The employee The flask The laboratory

The chemical

A school nurse was caring for an 8-year-old child who had been hurt on the school playground. During the nurse's assessment, the child admitted that her mother was working but didn't make much money so the girl and her mother were living in their car. Based on this information, which of the following would the nurse most likely suspect? The child is accident-prone and clumsy. The child is being bullied and pushed around by other children. The child is more likely to have school absences. The child is in need of a vision screening.

The child is more likely to have school absences.

Which of the following clients over 65 years of age meets the criteria for Medicare reimbursement for home health nursing? The client who needs assistance with bathing and meal preparation The client who needs assistance with house cleaning and meal preparation The client who needs sitter services because she wanders from home and becomes lost The client whose family members need to learn how to care for his surgical wound

The client whose family members need to learn how to care for his surgical wound

A nurse established an ongoing group meeting of teenagers with diabetes. In the early stages, the nurse was very directive in arranging location, providing low-carbohydrate drinks and snacks, steering the discussion, and trying to meet all the teenagers' needs. After the group had been meeting for about 3 months, the nurse noticed that the group members no longer simply accepted everything the nurse suggested. Instead, the teenagers began making decisions themselves, and eventually, the nurse no longer controlled the group. Which of the following most likely happened to cause this shift? The group became cohesive enough to share leadership tasks. Teenagers don't like feeling dependent on adults with power. Teenagers often rebel against adult authority. The nurse was overwhelmed and lost control of task process.

The group became cohesive enough to share leadership tasks.

Which of the following is a basic assumption of public health efforts? a. Health disparities among any groups are morally and legally wrong. b. Health care is the most important priority in government planning and funding. c. The health of individuals cannot be separated from the health of the community. d. The government is responsible for lengthening the life span of Americans.

The health of individuals cannot be separated from the health of the community.

In a particular community, several high school students were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus Type 2 during the annual high school health fair. Over the next few years, the nursing staff developed and implemented educational programs about the risk factors for diabetes mellitus Type 2 and proper nutrition. Which of the following would be most useful for the nurses to use to determine if they are having any impact? The epidemic of diabetes in the high school is gradually ending. The incidence of diabetes is slowly decreasing during screening events. The prevalence of diabetes is slowly decreasing during screening events. The risk for diabetes is slowly increasing over time.

The incidence of diabetes is slowly decreasing during screening events.

The nursing staff has attempted to screen the entire African American population in the community for diabetes. Which of the following would provide immediate verification of the success of the nursing staff's efforts? An epidemic of diabetes will be recognized. The incidence of diabetes will increase in the community. The prevalence of diabetes will decrease in the community. The risk for diabetes in the community will increase.

The incidence of diabetes will increase in the community.

A nurse who is explaining to a Latino client why it is important to take medication states, "The medication takes a couple of weeks to be effective, but then you should feel better." When the client is next seen, no medication has been purchased. Which of the following is the most likely explanation? a. The nurse emphasized that eventually the client would feel better, but the client needed to feel better immediately so didn't bother with the drug. b. The medication required a trip to the pharmacy, and the client just hadn't had time to obtain the drug yet. c. The medication was too expensive for the client's family. d. The client really hadn't understood why the medication was important.

The nurse emphasized that eventually the client would feel better, but the client needed to feel better immediately so didn't bother with the drug.

A nurse's Mantoux test is positive for exposure to tuberculosis. Which of the following conclusions should be drawn by the nurse? The nurse has been exposed to tuberculosis. The nurse has tuberculosis. The positive test result probably is due to a problem in the testing process. The test is inaccurate and needs to be repeated.

The nurse has been exposed to tuberculosis.

A nurse orienting to the home health role states, "I don't understand why we have to collaborate with so many other disciplines; this conflicts with the concept of nurses providing all direct care to the client in the home?" Which of the following would be the best response? The nurse still provides direct care for the client; however, interdisciplinary collaboration is necessary to prevent fragmentation of care. Direct nursing care is a concept applied to care in tertiary facilities, such as hospitals, where materials are centrally located in one facility. In home health, this is not possible. Even though home health nursing does not provide as much direct care as other nursing specialties in the community, each discipline contributes to client needs from its special knowledge base. Yes, it does create conflict, but Medicare mandates interdisciplinary collaboration.

The nurse still provides direct care for the client; however, interdisciplinary collaboration is necessary to prevent fragmentation of care.

Which of the following public health nurses most clearly fulfills the responsibilities of this role? a. The nurse who met with several groups to discuss community recreation issues b. The nurse who spent the day attending meetings of various health agencies c. The nurse who talked to several people about their particular health concerns d. The nurse who watched the city council meeting on local cable television

The nurse who spent the day attending meetings of various health agencies

A nurse is planning an educational program about cardiovascular disease. Which of the following would be the optimal time for the nurse to elicit feedback from program participants? At the beginning of the program At the program midpoint Immediately following program completion Throughout the program

Throughout the program

A nurse is about to despair. Earlier in the week, she carefully taught a patient from a different culture exactly how much medication to take and emphasized the importance of taking the correct amount. However, the patient is back in the hospital today with symptoms of an overdose although the patient denies taking more than the label indicated. Which of the following is the most likely explanation? The patient was taking more mediation in the hope of getting well faster. The patient was also taking folk medicines that had many of the same effects and perhaps some of the same ingredients as the prescribed medication. The patient truly did not understand and thought the dose being taken was correct. The patient had a unique response to the medication and should have a smaller dose ordered.

The patient was also taking folk medicines that had many of the same effects and perhaps some of the same ingredients as the prescribed medication.

A Buddhist patient enters the hospital for diagnostic testing just before lunch time. The nurse tells the aide to give a meal tray to the new patient, because no tests will be done until later that evening. The aide gives the patient a meal of Salisbury steak, bread, green beans, and potatoes with brown gravy. The patient eats nothing but a slice of bread and the green beans. Which of the following considerations was omitted by the nurse? a. The patient should not be served any food until a physician's order is obtained. b. The patient's Buddhist faith probably requires a vegetarian diet. c. The patient may be too frightened about the tests to want to eat very much. d. The patient may have diabetes or be allergic to some foods.

The patient's Buddhist faith probably requires a vegetarian diet.

A woman is sitting in a corner of the clinical waiting room, crying audibly. The nurse asks, "What's wrong? Can I help?" The woman responds, "They just told me I have a positive mammogram and I need to see my doctor for follow-up tests. I know I'm going to die of cancer. How can I tell my family?" Which of the following information does the nurse need to know in order to help the woman cope with this finding? The negative predictive value of mammography The positive predictive value of mammography The reliability of mammography The validity of mammography

The positive predictive value of mammography

A nursing staff has successfully screened for diabetes in the community. Which of the following might best persuade the health board to increase funding for diabetic clinics in this community? An epidemic of diabetes is now recognized and must be addressed. The incidence of diabetes is now higher than previously recognized in the community. The prevalence of diabetes is now higher than previously recognized in the community. The risk for diabetes in the community could decrease if funding is received.

The prevalence of diabetes is now higher than previously recognized in the community.

Between 2010 and 2015, 1000 of 10,000 young women age 17 to 20 years at a university tested positive for a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Of the 1000 diagnosed STIs, 300 were gonorrhea and 500 were chlamydia. Which of the following statements best summarizes these findings? The proportion of cases of gonorrhea to all STIs was 300:1300. The proportion of cases of gonorrhea to chlamydia was 300:500. The proportion of cases of gonorrhea to all STIs was 50%. The proportion of STIs to the total population was 100:1000.

The proportion of STIs to the total population was 100:1000.

A nurse sees the father of a newborn baby push his wife in a wheelchair out onto the patio. The man and woman each smoke a cigarette while the baby sleeps in the mother's arms. Which of the following information should the nurse share with the parents? Fetal nicotine syndrome may cause complications in the newborn. The sidestream smoke that the baby is exposed to is more dangerous than the mainstream smoke that the parents are inhaling themselves. The baby will eventually develop tolerance to tobacco smoke. The parents should switch to chewing tobacco as long as the child lives in the home.

The sidestream smoke that the baby is exposed to is more dangerous than the mainstream smoke that the parents are inhaling themselves.

A student engages in unprotected sex under the influence of alcohol. The student decides to have an HIV test completed the next day. Which of the following results will most likely occur? a. The results will probably be negative for HIV. b. The results will probably be positive for HIV. c. The probability of disease is so low there is no reason to be tested. d. The test results won't be reliable so soon after exposure.

The test results won't be reliable so soon after exposure.

A client was clearly very relieved when an HIV test came back negative. "Thank goodness. I've had sex several times without a condom, and when one of my friends said he was sick, I think I panicked." Which of the following would be most important to emphasize to the client immediately? Abstinence is the only way to be certain you are HIV-free. Sex should be restricted to one partner. The test could be wrong and the client might still have an HIV infection. The test would not cover any recent infection, so if the client has had recent unprotected sex, the test should be repeated in 3 months.

The test would not cover any recent infection, so if the client has had recent unprotected sex, the test should be repeated in 3 months.

A public health nurse is working with a low-income population in Massachusetts. Which of the following assumptions can the nurse make about this population? a. They have difficulty accessing health care due to a shortage of primary-care providers. b. They most likely receive health insurance through Medicare. c. They are unable to access health care due to the implementation of the Affordable Care Act. d. They have access to affordable health care insurance.

They have access to affordable health care insurance.

Why did American citizens become interested in establishing government-sponsored boards of health? a. They were afraid of infectious diseases such as yellow fever. b. The government could force the poverty-stricken to accept care. c. Such boards could tax and thereby ensure adequate funds to pay for care. d. Such a system would allow for accurate records of births and deaths.

They were afraid of infectious diseases such as yellow fever.

A nurse just accepted a position in community health and has been assigned to a neighborhood very close to where she lives. Which of the following best describes the rationale for this assignment? To allow participant observation by the nurse To ensure that the nurse would care about her intervention outcomes To maximize convenience and minimize commuting time for the nurse To save gasoline in these difficult economic times

To allow participant observation by the nurse

Two nurses plan to walk under a huge downtown bridge where various homeless persons live. Why would the nurses go to such an unsafe area? a. To assess the needs of the homeless who live there b. To demonstrate their courage and commitment c. To distribute some of their own surplus clothes to those who can use them d. To share with various churches and other charities what is needed

To assess the needs of the homeless who live there

A hospital nurse wants to know why home health nurses often take more time with assessment than nurses do in the hospital. Which of the following is the best explanation for this? Home care assessment includes not only the client but the supplies and equipment the family may have available for use. The home environment is less organized and equipped for the nurse's use. Family members must also be assessed for possible problems that could interfere with the primary client's recovery. To be effective, the home health nurse must earn the family's trust and work in partnership with them.

To be effective, the home health nurse must earn the family's trust and work in partnership with them.

The occupational health nurse suggests that an employee work only half-days for three weeks and then return to full-time employment. Which of the following best describes the rationale for this suggestion? To provide an example to other employees to ensure future cooperation with safety measures To enforce an economic penalty for not obeying nurse's instructions regarding safety measures To ensure that all employees keep their positions during an economic downturn To continue employment and income with limited duty as a rehabilitation effort after an injury

To continue employment and income with limited duty as a rehabilitation effort after an injury

Which of the following best describes the purpose of local health departments making unannounced inspections of local restaurants? a. To enforce local laws and regulations b. To ensure compliance c. To provide oversight to potential exposure d. To monitor employee safety

To ensure compliance

Which of the following best describes the mission of OSHA? To create an inspection system to avoid preventable loss of life To ensure safe and healthful working conditions To establish rules for employee safety To share factory illness and injury rates with the public

To ensure safe and healthful working conditions

A nurse, client, family, and other care providers meet to discuss what will be the best approach to use to continue care. Which of the following best describes why the nurse suggests changing the goal from obtaining appropriate long-term care placement to ensuring that the client's recovery is beneficial and safe? To consider all possible consequences of long-term care placement To encourage the group to review the client outcomes in the different settings To expand the goal so that different solutions can be generated and considered To help the group focus on the critical aspects the client's family considered most important

To expand the goal so that different solutions can be generated and considered

Which of the following best describes the current goal in relation to communicable diseases? To control political borders so diseases cannot spread further To exterminate specific infectious agents one by one To expand health care facilities to improve infectious disease treatment To achieve worldwide immunization to control new cases

To exterminate specific infectious agents one by one

An occupational health nurse is working with the manager to change the assignment of an employee from working with heavy metal to using machinery to assist with loading and unloading boxes at the truck dock. Which of the following best explains the rationale for this change? To prevent injury To limit disability To provide primary prevention To provide tertiary prevention

To limit disability

As the single occupational health employee at a company, a nurse is busy with safety programs and first aid when employees are hurt. However, the nurse still finds time to walk through the entire facility once a day. Which of the following best explains the rationale for this action by the nurse? To document employee efficiency and effectiveness at their jobs To look for evidence of personal protective equipment being torn or destroyed To observe whether employees are taking their rest periods as scheduled and drinking adequate fluids during the day To observe effectiveness of safety education and equipment

To observe effectiveness of safety education and equipment

Which of the following best describes the goal or priority of the nurse advocate? To gain organizational and governmental support for the promotion of nursing objectives To improve community service needs identified by research findings To integrate evidence-based practice guidelines in the provision of community nursing service To promote the client's rights and self-determination

To promote the client's rights and self-determination

Before beginning to survey the community to assess its health needs and strengths, the nurse reviews various documents, including local statistical data and the minutes of the previous meeting of the health care agency. Which of the following best explains why the nurse would start with this activity? To avoid confronting the community until the nurse is thoroughly oriented To become familiar with previous goals and priorities of the agency To help get a better understanding of the assigned community To save time and effort and perhaps have new insights

To save time and effort and perhaps have new insights

The public health nurse has a clear vision of what needs to be done and where to begin to improve the health of the community. Why would the nurse spend time meeting with community groups to discuss the most important task to be addressed first? a. To increase the group's self-esteem b. To maintain communication links with the groups c. To make the groups feel good about their contribution d. To work with the groups, not for the groups

To work with the groups, not for the groups

A nurse wants to have a better understanding of the physiological effects of selected chemicals. Which of the following individuals would provide the most useful information to the nurse? a. Chemist b. Epidemiologist c. Pharmacist d. Toxicologist

Toxicologist

The correctional health nurse is doing a quick assessment on a newly admitted inmate who is HIV positive. Which of the following diseases should the inmate receive screening for immediately? Herpes zoster Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis

Which of the following is the dominant issue in ethical debate around an issue such as continuing or withdrawing treatment in acute health care? Doing what is best for the community Doing what is best for the family Obeying legal mandates Upholding ethical principles

Upholding ethical principles

A home health nurse believes a client may be a drug addict. However, the client denies the use of drugs when questioned by the nurse. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the client's denial? Confusion resulting from dementia History of compulsive lying Mental status changes Use of addictive drugs

Use of addictive drugs

Which of the following practices in the home is most crucial? Using good handwashing procedures Obtaining a puncture-resistant container for family to use for needles Putting all contaminated material directly into a trash bag Washing all surfaces with disinfectant

Using good handwashing procedures

Some nurses are debating about the appropriate action to take in relation to a particular family. One member of the family is ill, and the other family members have chosen to continue working rather than take time off to care for the ill family member. One nurse states, "The whole family is being affected and will fall apart if they don't focus on their family's needs first before anything else." Which of the following ethical approaches is being used by this nurse? a. Communitarianism b. Deontology c. Principlism d. Utilitarianism

Utilitarianism

A nurse has only a regular blood pressure cuff when conducting a health screening for all of the residents of a community. Which of the following may be lacking when obtaining blood pressure readings? a. Reliability b. Sensitivity c. Specificity d. Validity

Validity

Which of the following statements is the best explanation as to why some countries are more violent than others? Civilized societies are less violent than primitive societies. Geographical differences are the primary factor. Population differences are the main determinant—for example, having more males than females. Violence is a learned behavior controlled or allowed by social norms.

Violence is a learned behavior controlled or allowed by social norms.

A physician refuses to order pain medication for a drug addict who has been severely injured in a car accident. When reminded by nurses that pain medication has not been ordered, the physician merely replies that the patient's suffering from the pain of his injuries will build character and that the addicted patient needs to get off drugs. Which of the following ethical theories is the physician using (or misusing)? Consequentialism Communitarianism Deontological ethics Virtue ethics

Virtue ethics

A nurse is assessing the status of a community's health. Which of the following will the nurse examine? Community awareness Health facilities Health care manpower Vital statistics

Vital statistics

Which of the following terms is used to describe aggregates who are at high risk for having poor health outcomes because of limited resources? Disadvantaged families Multiproblem families Resilient populations Vulnerable populations

Vulnerable populations

A school nurse wants to decrease the incidence of obesity in elementary school children. Which of the following describes a secondary prevention intervention that the nurse could implement? Giving a presentation on the importance of exercise and physical fitness Designing a game in which students select healthy food choices Weighing students to identify those who are overweight Putting students on a diet if they weigh greater than 20% of their ideal weight

Weighing students to identify those who are overweight

A nurse wishes to see a bill passed to support funding for the use of interpreters for clients with limited English proficiency. Which of the following would be the best time for the nurse to request support from the local senator, who is not on the committee that is reviewing this bill? When the bill is first assigned to a committee When the bill is discussed and debated within the committee When the bill moves out of committee to be heard by the entire Senate When the bill passes the Senate and moves to the House of Representatives

When the bill moves out of committee to be heard by the entire Senate

From an ethical standpoint, what is the problem with the belief that everyone should receive his or her fair share, that life should always be fair, and that everyone should make his or her own decisions? a. With this belief, the needs of society as a whole are ignored. b. Insufficient resources exist to give everyone a fair share. c. This belief leads to a propensity for some people to like to be taken care of. d. Some people think they deserve more than others.

With this belief, the needs of society as a whole are ignored.

African American females have a higher mortality rate from breast cancer than white females. This is an example of: a. projection. b. disparity. c. racism. d. a sentinel event.

disparity