Public Speaking ch. 16

Identification

A connection that is fostered between the speaker and their audience by highlighting shared attributes or attitudes.

Coercion

A process whereby thoughts or behaviors are altered through deceptive or harmful methods.

Argument

A proposition supported by one or more reasons or pieces of evidence.

Proposition of Policy

An argument that seeks to establish an appropriate course of action.

Proposition of Value

An argument that seeks to establish the relative worth of something.

Proposition of Fact

An argument that seeks to establish whether something is true or false.

Receptive Audience

An audience that is generally supportive of, or open to, the persuasive proposition.

Monroe's Motivated Sequence

An organizational pattern that attempts to convince the audience to respond to a need that is delineated in the speech through five sequential steps.

Backing

Foundational evidence which supports a claim, such as examples, statistics, or testimony.

Data

Preliminary evidence on which a claim is based.

Warrant

The (often unstated) connection between data and claim.

Ethos

The audience's perception of a speaker's credibility and moral character.

Status Quo

The current situation.

Logos

The logical means of proving an argument.

Causal Reasoning

The process of formulating an argument by examining related events to determine which one caused the other.

Claim

The proposition you want the audience to accept.

Pathos

The use of emotional appeals to persuade an audience.