Public Speaking Final
If you were giving a persuasive speech to a general audience about mandatory retirement, the most important factor to consider when analyzing the audience would probably be its
age
Why should we avoid judging group members?
all members have their own life stories beyond what other members know about, we might judge unfairly, and judging others interferes with respectful listening and mutual encouragement.
Where should the speaker look during a meeting video?
at the room audience
If you were giving an informative speech to your classmates about photo kinesis, what would you probably include in your introduction?
definition
As a general rule, how much of the presentation time should be reserved for Q&A?"
10 percent
How many words can the brain process per minute?
400 to 800 words a minute.
Name an instance of persuasive speaking.
A union representative urging management to avoid a strike by raising wages.
Know and be able to recognize the different logical fallacies.
Ad hominem (attacking the man), bandwagon, slippery slope, hasty generalization, red herring, either or (false dilemma), post hoc, ergo propter hoc (false cause),
If you want to persuade a skeptical audience, what is it most important for you to do in your speech?
Answer the reasons for the audience's skepticism.
Why does speechmaking carry a heavy ethical responsibility?
Because it is a form of power
What tips for doing research were you given?
Begin early, create a preliminary bibliography, take notes
Know when and how to use an emotional appeal.
It is effectively generated by using emotionally charged words, is inappropriate in a persuasive speech on a question of fact, and should be used supplemental to logic and reasoning.
Three tips for preparing effective main points include what?
Make sure each point is separate, make sure each point is worded clearly, and try to use parallel wording
What organizational pattern most closely follows the process of human thinking and is particularly useful for organizing persuasive speeches that seek immediate action?
Monroe's motivated sequence
How can you narrow your search on the internet?
Search engines, multicultural engines, and government resources
When a speaker identifies his source, what should he include?
Title of the work being cited, date the document was published, and the author's qualifications.
Write a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech seeking passive agreement.
To persuade my audience that the college should adopt an honor code.
Write a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech seeking immediate action.
To persuade my audience to decrease the amount of electricity they use during the summer to prevent blackouts.
Which of these is an example of a negative emotional appeal?
Trade ten minutes of social media usage for daily prayer before you become a spiritually indifferent person.
Give a hypothetical for when your goals could not be ethically sound in a speech.
When you are trying to get people to do something illegal or immoral
What is a logo?
a graphic symbol
Where would you be most likely to hear a persuasive speech on a question of fact?
a jury trial
When a speaker explains a point for the second time because of the expressions on faces in the audience, we say the speaker is what?
adapting to feedback
When you experience stage fright, your body is producing extra , a hormone that is released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress.
adrenaline
Winston Churchill said that democracy is the "worst form of government except for ____________."
all the others that have been tried
What is a common problem with video recorded at home?
ambient noise
When a speaker suggests in his speech that all students should behave like people in the United States, he is guilty of what?
an ethnocentric point of view.
What is an asynchronous video interview?
an interview recorded for later viewing
What is probably an example of a personal video situation?
an online job interview, a video conference call, and an online webinar
Scripture offers a view of justice linked to our love of neighbors because they
are made in the image and likeness of God
Forming particular speech sounds crisply and distinctly is called what?
articulation.
Saying "dunno" instead of "don't know" is an error in what?
articulation.
Michael is preparing a persuasive speech for class in opposition to gun control. The most important factor for Michael to consider when analyzing his audience is probably its
attitude toward the topic
Why is it often difficult to persuade people logically?
audience's habits—repeated, often unquestioned ways of thinking and acting, audience's corrupted minds—a tendency to think we are more logical than we really are, and audience's rationalizations—reasons we use to support actions after the fact.
What is social consciousness?
awareness of social issues beyond our personal experiences
When someone feels that he knows so much about his topic he didn't really need to do any research in order to give an informative speech, which guideline for ethical public speaking did he break?
be fully prepared for each speech.
What is the basic rule in selecting from a menu of technology options for a speech and venue?
begin with lower-tech possibilities and gradually move to higher-tech options
The process of generating ideas for speech topics by free association of words and ideas is known as
brainstorming
As a specific purpose statement, "To inform my audience about computer technology" is too
broad
What do we call the obligation of a persuasive speaker to prove that a change from current policy is necessary?
burden of proof
How can members unify a group presentation?
by providing thematic cohesion through the Main Idea, by providing nonverbal unity through a unified, appropriate style of presentation, and by offering a unifying metaphor, repeated phrase, or shared prop.
When we are not anchored at a lectern, how can we most naturally (least disruptively) direct the audience's gaze to and from a screen?
by walking toward or away from the screen
Know and be able to recognize the different types of persuasive speech organizational patterns.
causal, problem solution, comparative advantages, problem-cause-solution and Monroe's motivated sequence.
Know the different types of reasoning.
causal, reasoning from principles, reasoning from specific instances, analogous
"The three major factors to consider when purchasing an apt. are how far it is from your work, the safety of the neighborhood, and the amount you are willing to spend" is an example of what?
central idea
Which strategy is least likely to help you deal with nervousness in your speeches?
concentrating on your stage fright
"To inform my audience about the basic steps in making a seven-layer cake and how to shop with coupons" is a poorly phrased specific purpose statement for a classroom speech because it
contains more than one distinct idea.
The most effective method of note taking for listening to a speech is what?
creating a key-word outline
What do we call the audience's perception of whether the speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic?
credibility
What type of ending is the conclusion of Martin Luther King's "I Have a Dream" speech?
crescendo ending.
Dealing with such matters as the logical relationships among ideas, the soundness of evidence, and the differences between fact and opinion are all part of what your textbook calls
critical thinking.
"To inform about saving for retirement" is a poorly phrased specific purpose statement because it
does not include a reference to the audience.
What normally should be done at the end of a group meeting?
ensure that the group agrees on what has been accomplished at the meeting, determine as a group what needs to be done next, and determine who will carry out the specified tasks within specified deadlines.
What should we normally include in a speaker introduction?
event sponsors, purpose/value of the speech for the audience and speaker credentials
What is communicative injustice?
excluding others other from vital dialogue that affects their flourishing
When a speaker uses only brief notes or a speaking outline to jog the memory, we call it what type of speech?
extemporaneous
A persuasive speech exploring the truth or falsity of an assertion is known as a speech on a question of
fact.
The more sophisticated the technology, the more likely it will ____________.
fail during a speech
What do you call the reactions by your listeners, such as nodding their heads in agreement?
feedback.
Because every person has a unique _____________________ based on his or her own knowledge, experience, and values, the meaning of a message can never be exactly the same to a listener as to a speaker.
frame of reference.
Copying a friend's speech word for word because you ran out of time is called?
global plagiarism.
What do we call the audience's perception of whether a speaker has the best interests of the audience in mind?
goodwill
What are affections?
heartfelt loves
When might we poke fun at a person being honored?
if we can sensitively address endearing quirks or foibles, not failings
What type of speech is it when a speaker delivers a speech with little or no immediate preparation?
impromptu
When you forget to record your sources in your research notes, they you don't cite any of the sources in your speech, which type of plagiarism are you guilty of?
incremental plagiarism.
What in your voice reveals whether you are asking a question or making a statement, whether you are being sincere or sarcastic?
inflection
A listener anxious about an upcoming exam, worried about a recent argument with a friend, or distracted by cold air in the classroom would be experiencing?
interference
Why can video seem so personal/intimate at times?
it can capture faces up close
Being offended and sure that the speaker has nothing ethical or interesting to say, you decide to pay no attention at all during a lecture. The primary cause of your poor listening would be referred to as what?
jumping to conclusion
What do public speaking technologies include?
just about everything that helps us communicate with an audience
What is a good rule to use with selecting and designing presentation visuals?
less is actually more
The fact that audiences are egocentric means what?
listeners are concerned above all with how a speech will affect them
Research has shown that when speakers' nonverbal signals are inconsistent with their words, listeners often believe what?
listeners often believe the nonverbal signals rather than the words
According to your textbook, when you are in a formal speaking situation the most effective way of gaining the initial attention of your audience after you walk to the lectern is what?
looking directly at the audience without saying a word.
Skilled listeners focus on what three major aspects of a speech?
main points, evidence, and technique.
What is copyrighted material?
material owned by someone and not available for general public use
In a persuasive speech, what is the psychological process at work between the speaker and the audience?
mental dialogue
Regardless of whether your aim is to encourage passive agreement or immediate action, you must deal with three basic issues whenever you discuss a question of policy, they are?
need, plan, and practicality.
All of the following are tips for using statistics effectively, except:
never round a number off, accuracy is important
Communication based on a speaker's body and voice, rather than on the use of words, is called what?
nonverbal communication.
What is a helpful guide for how many slides to use in a presentation?
one slide each for the introduction and conclusion, and one additional slide for each significant point on our outline
In an audience-analysis questionnaire, if you want to learn why someone does something, which would be the best kind of question to ask?
open-ended question
What part of group work is usually best done by one person?
overseeing media/technology
What did Augustine claim about human beings' "loves"?
people have conflicted loves
An appeal to action is most appropriate in the conclusion of what type of speech?
persuasive
What is an important to remember during the interviewing process?
phrasing tough questions as neutrally as possible
As you walk into the overcrowded room, dessert dishes are being cleared away. The most important situational factor to consider when adapting to your audience during your speech would probably be the?
physical setting for your speech
The relative highness or lowness of sounds produced by the human voice is called what?
pitch.
"To persuade my audience that there should be tougher enforcement of laws to ..." is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of?
policy.
Rather than trying to eliminate every trace of stage fright, you should aim at transforming it into
positive nervousness.
What should you do when speaking from a manuscript?
practice aloud to make sure the speech sounds natural, be certain the final manuscript is legible at a glance, and work on establishing eye contact with the audience.
If you give a persuasive speech advocating a change in policy, what order will your main points often fall naturally into?
problem-solution
Saying "pas-ghetti" instead of "spaghetti" is an error in what?
pronunciation.
How can you reinforce the central idea in a speech conclusion?
refer back to the introduction
What are the basic objectives of a speech introduction?
reinforce the central idea, preview the main points, and gain the attention of the audience
When a speaker, during his introduction, says that "it is just like you were...", what method of gaining attention and interest is he using?
relating the topic to the audience
What is democratic discourse?
respectful dialogue about shared interests
As a public speaker, you face ethical issues when
selecting the topic for your speech, researching your speech, and organizing your speech.
What is a good activity to use at the first group meeting to build relationships?
share life stories
What is a good practice for video lighting?
shoot where the light is coming from one side, use natural light (e.g., near a window) if possible, and make sure eyeglasses are not reflecting light at the camera.
What word is out of place in a speech to inform?
should
Which word describes persuasive speeches, but not informative?
should, advocating, urging
During Hitler's reign in Germany, pastor-theologian Dietrich Bonhoeffer spoke against the "________ witnesses of evil deeds."
silent
What makes good speech delivery?
sounds conversational even though it has been rehearsed.
If you hoped to convey to your audience excitement, what should you probably do?
speak at a faster rate.
In personal video, why do audiences frequently get frustrated with speakers?
speakers often look away and even go off camera, speakers fail to maintain a consistent audio level, and speakers repeatedly adjust the camera or audio
In ancient Greece and Rome, what was epideictic oratory?
speaking designed for public ceremonies, speaking in a way that would show off one's speaking abilities, and speaking designed to criticize opponents or praise friends.
What is impromptu speaking?
speaking on the spot with little preparation time
What is alliteration?
speaking with matching sounds at the beginnings of words
"Conversational quality" in speech delivery means what?
speech sounds spontaneous even though it has been rehearsed.
What is global plagiarism?
takes a speech entirely from one source and passes it off as her or his own.
What is usually the most inclusive way to both begin and end meetings?
taking turns speaking around a circle
That part of the audience a speaker most wants to persuade is called what?
target audience.
The skills used in public speaking are the same as those used in everyday conversation. These skills include
telling a story for maximum impact, tailoring your message to your audience, and organizing your thoughts logically.
What is techno-magic?
the belief that there are technological solutions to just about every human problem
If you were giving a persuasive speech to a general audience arguing that all children should be required to use standard English in public schools, the most important factor to consider in audience analysis would probably be?
the ethnic background of the audience
What is a dominant culture in a society?
the everyday values and beliefs of most people
How might group member introductions be handled?
the group leader/moderator introduces herself or himself first, the group leader/moderator manages other group member introductions, and members briefly introduce themselves from left to right from the audience's perspective.
What are primary criteria for evaluating the quality of documents found on the internet?
the objectivity of the author or organization, the recency of the work, the expertise of the author
How should the speaker move when doing a stage video?
the speaker should stay in a designated spot on the stage unless the director suggests otherwise
"To inform my audience that teachers should be required to take the COVID vaccine" is a poor specific purpose statement for an informative speech because?
the stated goal is persuasive rather than informative.
What should you remember when you feel like saying, "I messed up" during a speech?
there is no such thing as a perfect speech.
What is a major problem with fear-based emotional appeals?
they do not offer the audience anything appealing
When might we as Christians speak up for others in society?
to advocate for their religious freedom even if they are not Christians, to advocate for others' freedom of speech even if we disagree with them, and to expose wrongdoing when direct confrontation has been insufficient.
How do you write an informative specific purpose statement?
to inform my audience about the process of changing a tire.
What does advocate mean?
to speak up on others' behalf
How are persuasive speeches on questions of value most often organized?
topical
If your specific purpose statement were "To inform my audience about the three major types of vacation destinations," you would probably organize your speech in what order?
topical
How can the channel effect the message?
two people hear the same thing, but come away with differing viewpoints
Which method helps you to avoid too many abstractions in an informative speech?
use comparison and contrast
What is a general rule about using emotional appeals?
use emotional appeals early in a speech to gain audience interest and open listeners' hearts and use emotional appeals toward the end of the speech to move the audience toward a change in belief or action.
What is a malapropism?
using the wrong word for a similar one
Which servant dynamic should a group nurture among members?
value all members, be mutually gracious and foster equal participation
"To persuade my audience that it is unethical for ...." is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of?
value.
One way to build confidence as a speaker is to create a vivid mental blueprint in which you see yourself succeeding in your speech. This process is called
visualization.
What is a good practice for attire/clothing on video?
wear solid colors, avoid clothing with company logos, and wear non-seasonal clothing
What is an attitude?
what people believe and especially feel about something
When would a speaker be most likely to recite a speech from memory?
when making a toast at a wedding
Which of the following is probably not a good time to use PowerPoint?
when we think the audience will expect it
