Chapter 8 - Pearson Mastering

Imagine you found a hypothetical organism. You examine one of its gametes and you see that it contains 5 chromosomes. How many chromosomes will one of its body cells contain just before mitosis begins?

10

The cells that result from the mitotic cell cycle can be described as ________.

2 cells, each with the same amount of genetic material and the same genetic information

During prophase a homologous pair of chromosomes consists of _____.

2 chromosomes and 4 chromatids

Meiosis I produces _____ cells, each of which is _____.

2; haploid

Meiosis starts with a single diploid cell and produces

4 haploid cells.

What is the chromosome composition of a normal human male?

44 autosomes, 1 X chromosome, and 1 Y chromosome

With the exception of gametes, a human cell contains __________ chromosomes.

46

Meiosis II typically produces _____ cells, each of which is _____.

4; haploid

The sister chromatids separate and begin moving toward opposite poles of the cell during which phase of mitosis?

Anaphase

Which of these gametes contains one or more recombinant chromosomes?

B and C

Examine the figure below. Nucleosomes are made of ________.

DNA and histone proteins

Chromatin consists of ________.

DNA and protein

The first step of bacterial replication is _____.

DNA replication

The chromosomes line up in the center of the cell during which phase of mitosis?

Metaphase

The centrosomes move away from each other and the nuclear envelope breaks up during which phase of mitosis?

Prophase

The chromosomes arrive at the poles and nuclear envelopes form during which phase of mitosis?

Telophase

What must happen before a cell can begin mitosis?

The chromosomes must be duplicated.

Which one of the following combinations of sex chromosomes results in Turner syndrome?

XO

This concept map depicts locations of human chromosomes. Match the following terms 1-6 to the blanks labeled a-f. 1. homologous chromosomes 2. centromere 3. sister chromatids 4. autosomes 5. sex chromosomes 6. karyotype

a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 5 f. 6

This concept map compares the stages of mitosis and meiosis. Match the following terms 1-8 to the blanks labeled a-i. 1. Mitosis 2. Meiosis 3. Metaphase I 4. Meiosis II 5. Prophase 6. Prophase I 7. Anaphase I, Telophase I, & Cytokinesis 8. Anaphase, Telophase, & Cytokinesis 9. Metaphase

a. 1 b. 5 c. 9 d. 8 e. 2 f. 6 g. 3 h. 7 i. 4

This concept map depicts Mitosis: The Cell Cycle. Match the following terms 1-7 to the blanks labeled a-g. 1. S phase 2. Mitosis 3. G₂ phase 4. G₁ Phase 5. Cytokinesis 6. Interphase 7. Miotic (M) phase

a. 4 b. 1 c. 6 d. 3 e. 7 f. 2 g. 5

This concept map depicts cell division. Match the following terms 1-6 to the blanks labeled a-f. 1. somatic cells 2. asexual reproduction 3. sexual reproduction 4. mitosis 5. meiosis 6. gametes

a. 4 b. 5 c. 2 d. 1 e. 6 f. 3

This concept map summarizes the stages of mitosis. Match the following terms 1-9 to the blanks labeled a-i. 1. Telophase & cytokinesis 2. Metaphase 3. Prophase 4. Anaphase 5. Interphase 6. Miotic spindle forming 7. Sister chromatids centered 8. Nuclear envelopes forming 9. Chromosomes separating

a. 6 b. 7 c. 9 d. 8 e. 5 f. 3 g. 2 h. 4 i. 1

Which processes lead to most genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms? Select all that apply. a. independent orientation of chromosomes in meiosis b. random fertilization c. crossing over d. cytokinesis

a; b; c

What is different concerning the DNA in bacterial cells as opposed to eukaryotic cells?

all of the above are differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA

Centromeres divide and sister chromatids become full-fledged chromosomes during _____.

anaphase

Homologous chromosomes migrate to opposite poles during _____.

anaphase I

During _____ sister chromatids separate.

anaphase II

Chromosomes that do not determine the sex of an individual are called ______.

autosomes

Bacteria divide by:

binary fission

What structure is represented by my waist, where I am joined to my twin?

centromere

At the end of the mitotic (M) phase, the cytoplasm divides in a process called _________________.

cytokinesis

The individual represented in this karyotype is a _________.

female with Down syndrome

Fertilization joins _____ to produce a _____.

haploid gametes; diploid zygote

A cell that completed the cell cycle without undergoing cytokinesis would ______.

have two nuclei

During metaphase I, ________.

homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

During prophase I of meiosis,

homologous chromosomes stick together in pairs.

A cell preparing to undergo meiosis duplicates its chromosomes during

interphase

Nucleoli are present during _____.

interphase

If it weren't for _____, chromosome number would double with every generation of sexual reproduction.

meiosis

If you look through a microscope and see a cell with chromosomes lined up 2x2, what stage of cellular reproduction must you be looking at?

meiosis I only

During _____ chromosomes align single file along the equator of a haploid cell.

metaphase II

Looking through a light microscope at a cell undergoing division, you see that the condensed chromosomes have lined up along the midline of the cell. The homologous pairs are NOT joined in tetrads. Each chromosome takes its own place in line, independent of its homolog. You are witnessing _____.

metaphase of mitosis

Of the two processes we learned about, which is going on in my hand right now?

mitosis

Nondisjunction might result in gametes with the chromosome numbers ________.

n + 1 or n - 1

Duplication of the chromosomes to produce sister chromatids _____.

occurs in both mitosis and meiosis

One difference between mitosis and meiosis is that mitosis ________.

produces cells genetically identical to the parent cell, but meiosis does not

Spindle fibers attach to kinetochores during _____.

prometaphase

Chromosomes become visible during _____.

prophase

During meiosis, segments of nonsister chromatids can trade places. This recombination of maternal and paternal genetic material is a key feature of meiosis. During what phase of meiosis does recombination occur?

prophase I

Synapsis occurs during _____.

prophase I

The correct order of events during meiosis is

prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I, cytokinesis, meiosis II.

During _____ a spindle forms in a haploid cell.

prophase II

The CORRECT sequence of stages of mitosis is ________.

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Which of the following is the correct order for the four main stages of mitosis?

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Mitosis occurs in _____; meiosis occurs in _____.

somatic or body cells; germ cells in the testes or ovaries

Cytokinesis often, but not always, accompanies _____.

telophase

At the end of _____ and cytokinesis, haploid cells contain chromosomes that each consist of two sister chromatids.

telophase I

At the end of _____ and cytokinesis there are four haploid cells.

telophase II

Imagine that I've taken a snapshot of the chromosomes and a hypothetical cell. Part of that snapshot looks like this. What stage of the life cycle must the cell be in?

the start of meiosis I