Public Speaking Final Quizlet

•What are the 4 types of listening?

-Critical -Appreciative -Comprehensive -Empathic

How many words per minute do people in the U.S usually speak?

120-150 words per minute

How many words per minute do people in the U.S usually speak? 100 pt. Bonus: How many words per minute does can the brain process?

120-150 words per minute 400-800 words per minute

How many main points are in a speech?

2-4

On average people only grasp about what percent of what is heard?

50%

A visual aid that summarizes a large block of information usually in the form of a list is what?

A Chart

What is a rhetorical question?

A question that the audience answers mentally rather than out loud

Name the 10 key ways to deal with nervousness.

Acquire speaking experience, Prepare, Think positively, Visualize, Don't Expect Perfection, Nervousness is not visible, tense and release (to use adrenaline), Make eye contact with audience, Breathe, Visual aids

A speech designed to convey knowledge and understanding is know as

An Informative Speech

what is a fallacy and name 5 of them. (A bonus 50 pts. Each for the other 5)

An error in reasoning. Hasty generalization, False cause, Invalid analogy, Bandwagon, Red herring, Ad hominem, Either-or, Slippery slope, Appeal to tradition, Appeal to novelty

listening for pleasure or enjoyment is which of the 4 kinds of listening?

Appreciate Listening

What are the 4 kinds of listening?

Appreciate, Empathic, Comprehensive, Critical

•Which of the fallacies assumes that because something is popular, it is therefore correct or ok

Bandwagon

Which type of graph is the best to show comparisons among two or more items?

Bar Graphs

What are the 3 ethical obligations of a listener?

Be courteous and attentive, Avoid prejudging the speaker, Maintain the free and open expression of ideas

what is the obligation a persuasive speaker has to prove that a change of policy is needed?

Burden of Proof

The means in which a message is communicated is known as what part of the speech communication process.

Channel

What are the 5 strategic orders of main points?

Chronological, Spatial, Causal, Problem Solution, and Topical

Transitions, Internal Previews, Internal Summaries, and Sign Posts are types of what?

Connectives

Directions in a speaking outline to help a speaker remember how he or she wants to deliver the speech

Delivery Cue

When presenting your visual aid there are 7 things to keep in mind. Name 4 of them. (A bonus 100 pts. Each for the other 3)

Display where they can be seen, Avoid passing them around, Display when discussing them, Explain them, Talk to audience not aid, Practice with the aid, Check the room and equipment

The belief that one's group or culture is superior to all others is known as what?

Ethnocentrism

Which method of persuasion refers to establishing credibility through competence and character?

Ethos

If an audience is nodding their heads in understanding and the speaker decides to move onto the next point they were in which part of the speech communication process?

Feedback

There are 3 guidelines for the speaking outline them

Follow the visual framework from the preparation outline, make sure the outline is legible, keep the outline as brief as possible

The sum of a person's knowledge, experiences, goals, values, and attitudes is known as what?

Frame of Reference

When giving a speech it is important to remember that meanings of 3 things vary vastly through cultures. What are they?

Gestures Facial Expressions Non-verbal forms of communication

The introduction of a speech has 4 objectives, what they

Get audience attention, reveal the topic of the speech, establish the credibility and goodwill of the speaker, preview the body of the speech

There are 5 steps in practicing your speech delivery, what are they?

Go through presentation aloud, Prepare the speaking outline, Practice speech aloud using only speaking outline several times, Polish and refine speech in front of a mirror, Give your speech a dress rehearsal

Failing to give credit for particular parts of a speech that are borrowed from other people is what kind of plagiarism?

Incremental

What are the 3 types of credibility?

Initial Credibility, Derived Credibility, Terminal Credibility

If someone walked in late during a speech and disrupted it, which of the speech communication processes would that be?

Interference

There are 3 tips for preparing your main points, what are they?

Keep main points separate, Use the same wording pattern, Balance the amount of time spent on each

What is the name of the form of note taking that briefly notes a speaker's main points and supporting evidence in rough outline for

Key-Word Outline

The study of body motions as a systematic mode of communication is known as what?

Kinesics

What is the method of organizing persuasive speeches that seek immediate action?

Monroe's Motivated Sequence

What are the 3 major differences between conversation and public speaking?

More highly structured, Requires more formal language, Requires a different method of delivery

When analyzing Questions of Policy, there are 3 basic issues. What are they?

Need, Plan, Practicality

What are the 4 main causes of poor listening?

Not concentrating, Trying to remember everything the speaker said/Listening too hard, Jumping to conclusions, Focusing on delivery and personal appearance

What are 3 things to be careful of when using a video as a visual aid?

Not longer than 30 seconds, It is cued or edited to start where you want it to, Low-resolution

What is the most effective way to show drawings or photographs?

On a presentation program (Powerpoint or Keynote)

Why is it important for you to outline your speech?

Organizes your speech overall and what you will say during your speech

Name the four ways public speaking is similar to conversation

Organizing your thoughts logically Tailoring your message to your audience Telling a story for maximum impact Adapting to listener feedback

When restating or summarizing someone else's thoughts in your own words you are doing what?

Paraphrasing

There are 4 aspects of the speaker's body that affect a speech, name 2 of them. (A bonus 100 pts. Each for the other 2)

Personal Appearance, Movement, Gestures, Eye Contact

The process of creating, reinforcing, or changing people's beliefs or actions is called

Persuasion

A detailed outline developed during the process of speech writing is called a what?

Preparation Outline

When preparing visual aids, there are 7 things to keep in mind. Name them

Prepare in advance, Keep simple, Large enough, Limited amount of text, Effective fonts, effective colors, Strategically used images

What are the 3 types of persuasive speeches?

Question of Fact, Question of Value, Question of Policy

There are 4 basic methods of delivering a speech, what are they? (100 pts. For each)

Reading verbatim from a manuscript, reciting memorized text, speaking impromptu, speaking extemporaneously

reasoning that moves from particular facts to a general conclusion is what?

Reasoning from specific instances

What is causal reasoning?

Reasoning that seeks to establish the relationship between causes and effects Ex. Because that ice patch was there, I fell and broke my arm

There are 7 ways to get the attention and interest of the listener, name them

Relate the Topic to the Audience, State the Importance of the Topic, Startle the Audience, Arouse the Curiosity of the Audience, Question the Audience, Begin with a Quote, Tell a Story

What are the 2 major functions of the conclusion?

Signals the end of the speech, Reinforces the Central Idea

What are the 7 elements in the speech communication process?

Speaker, Message, Channel, Listener, Feedback, Interference, Situation,

A brief outline used to jog a speakers memory during the speech

Speaking Outline

There are 8 needs of a Preparation Outline. Name them

Specific Purpose, Central Idea, Symbolization of each point, Main Points and Subpoints in Full Sentences, Transitions, Bibliography, Title

There are 4 types of Informative Speeches, what are 2 of them?

Speeches about: Objects, Processes, Events, or Concepts

There are 4 ways to successful end your speech by reinforcing the central idea. What are they?

Summarize Your Speech, End with a Quote, Make a Dramatic Statement, Refer to the Introduction(make it full circle)

What is the main way to personalize your speech?

Tell a story

The pattern of symbolization and indentation in a speech outline that shows the relationship among the speakers ideas is known as

The Visual Frame Work

Define Credibility and Goodwill

The audience's perception whether a speaker is qualified to speak and has the best interests of the audience in mind

What are supporting materials? Bonus: What are the 3 kinds of supporting materials?

The materials used to support a speaker's ideas. Bonus: Examples, Statistics, Testimony

When someone says, "that speech was too technical," what do they mean?

The subject matter is too specialized, the language is not recognizable

What is one way of relating the speech subject directly to the audience?

Tie in their interests, make the speech revolve around the audience, use, "you statements"

speeches on Questions of Policy have 2 different types. What are they?

To Gain Passive Agreement, To Gain Immediate Action

Which strategic order of main points is used the most in informative speeches?

Topical Order

When generating emotional appeal there are 3 things you should do, what are they?

Use emotional language, Develop vivid examples, Speak with sincerity and conviction

There are 8 key points of a speaker's voice, name them

Volume, pitch, rate, pause, vocal variety, pronunciation, Articulation, dialect,

nThe ability to spot weakness in other people's arguments and avoid them, to distinguish fact from opinion, and to see clear relationships between ideas is known as what?

nCritical Thinking

nWhen listening to a speech and assessing a speaker's evidence there are 4 questions you should ask. What are they?

nIs it accurate? Is it taken from objective sources? Is it relevant to the speaker's claims? Is it sufficient to support the speaker's point?

nPutting a speech together in a particular way to achieve a particular result is called what?

nStrategic Organization

nWhatever a speaker is communicating to someone else is which element of the speech communication process?

nThe message

There are 4 tips for using evidence in persuasive speeches, name them.

specific evidence, Novel evidence, Credible sources, Make clear the point of the evidence

•What is the summary of a magazine or journal article, written by someone other than the original author?

•Abstract

•Noticing reactions of the audience and adjusting your speech to their reactions is an example of what?

•Adjusting to audience feedback

•If someone wants to circulate a petition in regards to their speech, when is the best time to do it?

•After the speech is over

•Name 5 ways to combat nervousness

•Breathe •Eye contact with the audience •Use adrenaline (tense/relax) •Visualization •Positivity •Prepare/Practice •Don't expect perfection

•List all 9 things that make visual aids effective?

•Clear font •Clear colors •Little text •Effective images •Displayed when discussed •Not talked at •Explained when displayed •Practiced with •Checked before presentation

•When looking at the meaning of words, this type of word meaning gives words their intensity and emotion, giving listeners specific feelings.

•Connotative Meaning

•The study of philosophy that deals with human issues of right and wrong is know as what?

•Ethics

•What are the 3 methods of persuasion and describe them

•Ethos-credibility •Pathos-emotional appeal •Logos-evidence and reasoning

•Name and describe the 3 major kinds of supporting materials

•Examples-Specific case used to illustrate or represent a group of people, ideas, or experiences •Statistics-Numerical data •Testimony-quotes or paraphrases used to support a point

•A speech/presentation that is prepared and delivered from a brief set of note cards is known as what?

•Extemporaneous speech

•What are the three kinds of plagiarism?

•Incremental •Patchwork •Global

•What are the three primary factors to consider when assessing an audience's disposition toward a speech topic?

•Knowledge •Interest •Attitude

•When analyzing questions of policy in persuasive speaking, there are 3 basic issues. What are they?

•Need, Plan, Practicality

There are 4 categories informative speeches can be about. What are they?

•Objects •Processes •Events •Concepts

•If an interview has more than one interviewer in the room, what kind of interview is it?

•Panel interview

•When asked a competency based question in an interview, there is a method to answering the question. What is the method?

•STAR Method -Describe Situation/Task -Explain the Action you took with examples -Describe the Result of the action you took

•What are the 3 different kinds of audience-analysis questionnaire questions?

•Scaled •Fixed •Open-Ended

•An audience analysis that identifies the traits of the audience unique to a particular speaking occasion such as size, physical setting, and dispostion is known as what?

•Situational Audience Analysis

•The method of speech organization in which the main points follow a directional pattern

•Spatial Order

•What is it that expresses precisely what you hope to accomplish within your speech?

•Specific Purpose Statement

•There are 4 ways to reinforce the central idea in a speech conclusion, what are they?

•Summarize Speech •End with Quote •Make a Dramatic Statement •Refer to the Introduction

•A connective is a word or phrase that connects ideas of a speech and indicates the relationship among them. There are 4 main connectives. What are they?

•Transition-indicates when a speaker has finished a thought and moved onto another one •Internal preview-lets the audience know what is going to be discussed next •Internal summary-summarizes the point(s) in the body of the speech •Signposts-statement that indicates where a speaker is in the speech