Public Speaking Midterm Review

repetition of initial consonant sounds in a sentence or passage

alliteration

succession of sentences beginning with the same word or group of words

anaphora

juxtaposition of contrasting ideas in balanced or parallel words, phrases, or grammatical structures

antithesis

type of informed listening needed to listen to and interpret music, theater, or literature

appreciative listening

produces the sounds of language others can understand and is responsible for rate and being understood

articulation

repetition of vowel sounds in a sentence or passage

assonance

a stable positive or negative response to a person, idea, object, or policy

attitude

statements we hold to be true

beliefs

what is responsible for the vocal characteristics of volume?

breathing

emphasize moving the audience psychologically to the next step

bridging statements

What is extemporaneous speaking?

carefully planned and rehearsed speech, spoken in a conversational manner with brief notes

Which organizational pattern would be best to organize a speech with the specific purpose: "To describe reasons for and the results of the Black Lives Matter Movement?"

cause-effect

which speech organizational pattern would be best to organize a speech with the specific purpose "to inform my audience how to start an online business"?

chronological

Lavalier Microphone

clip on mic for shirts

game plan for impromptu speaking

collect thoughts, quickly plan out main points, make it short and to the point, stay on topic

a tendency to search for or interpret information in a way that confirms one's preconceptions

confirmation bias

phrase or sentence that connect various parts of a speech and shows relationship between them

connectives

idea associated with a word at a cultural/personal level

connotative

listening to evaluate the validity of the arguments and information and deciding whether the speaker is persuasive and whether the message should be accepted

critical listening

vocalized pauses

pauses that incorporate some sort of sound or word that is unrelated to what is being said; "uh," "um," and "like" are well-known examples

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization

relative highness or lowness of your which needs variation throughout the speech

pitch

phonation

production of sound in the vocal folds

the inner characteristics of the audience, beliefs, attitudes, needs, and values

psychographic characteristics

speed at which you speak, how quickly/slowly the speaker talks

rate

parallelism

repetition of grammatical structured that correspond in sound, meter, and meaning

type of amplification of the sound of the larynx, oral cavity, and nasal cavity which creates the characteristic of quality

resonation

What type of connective is this? "The second step to baking chocolate chip cookies is to combine your ingredient in a special, recommended way."

signposting

emphasize physical movements through the speech content and lets the audience know where they are (first, second, next, finally)

signposts

which of the following is not a demographic characteristic situational context gender religious affiliations educational level region

situational context

type of language that consists of words and phrases that are specific to a subculture or group that others may not understand

slang

I. The 1st section of the Hebrew burial tomb in roman times was the façade II The next section was the entrance III The innermost section was the series of burial chambers What type of organizational pattern is used?

spatial

lecturn

stand or tall desk; podium for placing notes for speech

generalizing about a group of people and assuming that because a few persons in that group have a characteristic, all of them do

stereotyping

climax organization

strongest argument/most important is last

language choices

style

problem-cause-solution pattern

the first main point demonstrates a problem that needs to be addressed, the second explains the cause of the problem, and the third presents a solution that can minimize the problem

vocal cues

the subtle but meaningful variations in speech delivery, which can include the use of pitch, tone, volume, and pace

Informative speech about comics: what is the best specific purpose? -to explain to my classmates why Superman is considered a better comic than Batman -to describe to my classmates my trip to ComicCon in San Diego -to explain to biographies of the 3 most important comic book creators -to explain to my classmates the evolution of Batman's character from his creation to the Dark Knight trilogy

to explain to my classmates the evolution of Batman's character from his creation to the Dark Knight trilogy

What is the best use of hands in a speech

to use them to emphasize meaning and points

I respect Joni Eareckson Tada for 3 reasons. She has lived as a quadriplegic for almost 50 years. She is a wise and winsome communicator. She gives her life to helping those with disabilities. What type of organizational pattern is used?

topical/parts of a whole

taking one characteristic of a group or person and making that the "totality" or sum total of what that person or group is

totalizing

bridges between seemingly disconnected but related material most commonly between main points

transition

A speaker's credibility is improved by the use of clear and respectful language: true or false

true

Monotone voice can come from lack of energy and passion and reading the text of the speech: True or False

true

Some cliches run the risk of offending your audience because they stem from ethnic stereotypes: true or false

true

topical/parts of a whole organizational pattern

types, sorts, categories

hand positions for speaking

use to emphasize main points, and lightly place on lectern in between

Planned redundancy

using preview and summary statements and internal previews

goals we strive for and consider important and desirable

values

Which is better: well prepared but poorly delivered OR well delivered and poorly prepared

well prepared but poorly delivered

what is important to note about eye contact for different cultures?

western value of eye contact may not apply to people of different cultures

What is the main value of extemporaneous speaking? 1. requires less preparation than manuscript speaking 2. allows flexibility to add or subtract points or information 3. it does not require eye contact 4. all of the above 5. none of the above

2

Which of the following is not true about listening? 1. your preconceptions about a speaker/message can be a barrier to listening well 2. good note-taking is transcribing as much of what the speaker says as possible 3. using your cellular device distracts you and others 4. 1st step for improving listening is to recognize its importance

2

pick the expression that is a metaphor 1. she sings like a rock star 2. she is Janis Joplin when she gets on the stage 3. she sings energetically and in a raspy voice 4. she sings, she dances, she acts-she has all the talents

2

which is not a barrier to listening according to the textbook? 1. audience member's personal problems/concerns 2. speaker's use of personal address 3. everyday common distractions from electronic devices 4. ability to process words faster than speakers usually talk

2

eye contact methods NOT to use

3 pts on back wall method, swimmer methods, stare down

Why should you avoid cliches? 1. some are not understood though used a lot 2. predictable and therefore stale 3. some can be offensive to some ethnicities 4. all of the above

4

which is the most concrete? 1 appliances 2 kitchen furnishings 3 oven 4 General Electric Model 4700 Microwave

4

According to the textbook, the upper limit on number of main ideas is _______?

5

Which is not a type of connective 1. internal preview 2. internal summary 3. bridging statement 4. signpost 5. all of the above

5

which is true about demographic characteristics 1. region related to the location in the country and the type of location, such as city or suburbs 2. occupation and education are often closely affiliated for people in the US 3. religion can be though of in terms of affiliation and commitment 4. affiliation and level of commitment in religion might be different for audience members 5. all of the above

5

best plan for eye contact

5 seconds long at 1 person at a time then switch people to look at

When people talk about being frightened by public speaking, they are mostly afraid of the preparation part: True or False

False

subjective case

I/you/he/she/we/you/they/who,

One rhetorical device used by speakers is euphemism. Which one is an example of euphemism? a. The combatants were victims of friendly fire. b. That happened out of the blue. c. The patient is NPO until Tuesday when we can do surgery. d. The puppy was cute as a button.

a

The meaning of heterogenous is

a group being mixed with different types of demographic characteristics

outward characteristics of the audience

demographic characteristics

dictionary definitions

denontative

feet positions for speaking

don't lock knees, should width apart with knees slightly bent

communicating the right message to the audience

effectiveness

listening for understanding the feelings and motivations of another person, usually with the goal of helping the person deal with a personal problem

empathetic listening

language device used to make something unpleasant sound more tolerable

euphemism

informative speeches should be based entirely on

facts

2 denotative meanings of "red" would be "angry" and "communist": true or false

false

Hand gestures are out of place in public speaking and should be avoided: true or false

false

Well-practiced delivered can make up for gaps in preparation and content: true or false

false

a speech with the specific purpose "to explain to my audience the evidence supporting that Lee Harvey Oswald assassinated President Kennedy in a conspiracy" is a viable informative speech topic: true or false

false

an informative speech can under some circumstances have an opinion as its basis: true or false

false

practicing with an audience is unnecessary because it cannot prepare you for the real experience: true or false

false

spatial organization is only relevant to topics involving large geographical spaces: true or false

false

a mixture of different types of people and demographic characteristics within a group of people

heterogenous

What type of speaking is a short message without advance prep?

impromptu

let audience know what is coming up next in the speech and what to expect

internal previews

emphasize what has come before and remind the audience of what has been covered

internal summaries

statements that cannot be argued

irrefutable

"after a serviceman or woman leaves the military he/she must find a use for the MOS" is an example of

jargon

cause/effect organization

main points are the causes and effects of the topic

chorological organization

main points arranged in time order

spatial organization

main points organized according to movement in space or direction

Speeches that are read to the audience are ___________ speeches

manuscript

What type of speaking is word for word iteration of a written message?

manuscript

Which type of speech delivery is used by the people like the president at the stat of the address union?

manuscript

objective case

me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them

Of the types of speech delivery, which is the most impractical for students in a speech class?

memorized

continuing sound that is unchanging in pitch and without intonation

monotone

important deficiencies that we are motivated to fulfill

needs

problem solution pattern

order of presentation that first discusses a problem and then suggests solutions

chunking

organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically

repetition of grammatical structures that correspond in sound, meter, or meaning

parallelism