Public Speaking (Module 4)

Style and content should be equally important in your presentation. a. False b. True

a. False

Psychologist Albert Mehrabian's research indicates that over __________ of one's recall stems from visual presentations. a. 35 percent b. 55 percent c. 45 percent d. 25 percent

b. 55 percent

Three-dimensional presentation aids do not include ... a. objects b. posters c. animals d. people

b. posters

When making music selections or determining the appropriate pace for a video excerpt, you should consider information from your ... a. bibliography b. notes c. introduction d. audience analysis

d. audience analysis

Unlike __________, which use blocks to show comparisons of items over a single period of time, __________ show distribution patterns. a. pictographs; line graphs b. tables; bar graphs c. pie graphs; tables d. bar graphs; pie graphs

d. bar graphs; pie graphs

When creating slides on a computer for use in a presentation, use at most ____________________ fonts. a. one b. four c. three d. two

d. two

Dr. Smith's assignment to his speech students requires them to deliver informative speeches that illustrate new applications of knowledge about a familiar topic. Which of the following introductory statements meets Dr. Smith's guidelines? a. "Did you know that orange juice can be used as a household cleaning product?" b. "I'd like to review something we all know from political science: the government is divided into the executive, legislative, and judicial branches." c. "Today, I'm going to talk about the three forms of water: liquid water, water vapor, and ice." d. "Mutual funds should always be your first investment choice, followed by stocks, and finally bonds."

a. "Did you know that orange juice can be used as a household cleaning product?"

Nicholas is giving a speech on dramatic series on television. If he wants to use a causal organizational pattern, which of the following topic sentences should he use? a. "Today, I am going to explain why the dramatic series has gained popularity since the mid-1980s." b. "Today, I am going to trace the evolution of dramatic television series." c. "Today, I am going to discuss three types of dramatic series: the family drama, the police drama, and the western." d. "Today, I am going to discuss dramatic series aimed at young adults, those aimed at men, and those aimed at women."

a. "Today, I am going to explain why the dramatic series has gained popularity since the mid-1980s."

According to the grammar of body language, tilting your head downward while speaking indicates haughtiness. a. False b. True

a. False

As long as you are intensely interested in your topic, you can assume that your audience will catch your enthusiasm and become interested in it also. a. False b. True

a. False

Because audience members will often overlook spelling and grammatical errors in your presentation aids, your credibility is based strictly on overall layout and design. a. False b. True

a. False

Which type of delivery requires a speaker to prepare an outline containing key ideas and phrases? a. Giving an extemporaneous speech b. Presenting a memorized speech c. Reading from a manuscript d. Delivering an impromptu speech

a. Giving an extemporaneous speech

To use presentation aids effectively, which of the following pieces of advice should you follow? a. Prompt the audience with key words b. Limit your information to five sentences or three small paragraphs c. Use at least five different font types d. Cover at least two points on each aid

a. Prompt the audience with key words

Miranda is preparing a videotaped excerpt for a presentation. Which of the following would not be an effective tip for Miranda to use while preparing her excerpt? a. Select a five- to seven-minute clip. b. Record the excerpt on a new tape. c. Face the audience as much as possible during the presentation. d. Practice using the video equipment before giving the speech.

a. Select a five- to seven-minute clip.

Margaux is using computer-generated aids in a speech to her classmates. Which of the following approaches would indicate that she is not responding to audience feedback? a. The three speakers before Margaux have all used computer-generated aids, and the audience seems bored, so Margaux knows that her even more impressive technological presentation will be a hit. b. She notices three audience members squinting, so she adjusts the focus on the projector. c. She fully explains one of the presentation aids because she is afraid the audience might not understand it. d. The audience seems to be leaning in toward her so she discreetly increases the volume of her microphone.

a. The three speakers before Margaux have all used computer-generated aids, and the audience seems bored, so Margaux knows that her even more impressive technological presentation will be a hit.

Patrick is preparing for a job interview, and he wants to make sure he uses appropriate body language. Which of the following actions should Patrick use if he wants to appear interested in his interviewer's comments? a. Tilting his head to the side b. Moving his eyes up and to the left c. Rotating his shoulders d. Crossing his legs

a. Tilting his head to the side

An informative speech should provide a balanced and objective look at a topic. a. True b. False

a. True

Posture affects vocal delivery. a. True b. False

a. True

Julia, a distinguished English professor, is giving an informative speech on the novels of George Eliot to a class of advanced-placement high school students. Which of the following statements should she use to make the speech more palatable to her audience? a. "As we see most clearly in The Mill on the Floss, Eliot's political conservatism never translated into moral conservatism." b. "Most of you have read only Silas Marner, but I'm going to tell you about two other novels by George Eliot that I think you will really enjoy." c. Who could believe that the author of entertaining but relatively slight works like Felix Holt and Romola would produce a masterpiece like Middlemarch?" d. "Eliot's novels of the 1870s show a marked departure from her earlier ones: they are much longer and much more intensely psychological."

b. "Most of you have read only Silas Marner, but I'm going to tell you about two other novels by George Eliot that I think you will really enjoy."

Jennifer wants to give a descriptive informative speech about some aspect of Paris. Which of the following topics should she choose? a. An explanation of why Paris is the best European vacation destination for college students b. A representation of the architecture of Notre Dame cathedral c. A discussion of significant Parisian cafes d. A discussion of the French Revolution

b. A representation of the architecture of Notre Dame cathedral

After Jane completed her speech, she overheard two audience members discussing how defensive she seemed during her presentation. Which of Jane's gestures might have given her audience this impression? a. Putting her hands on her hips b. Crossing her arms over her chest c. Tilting her head downward d. Touching her fingers to her mouth

b. Crossing her arms over her chest

Tom, a former flight attendant, plans to give an informative speech on airline travel. Since his speech club consists mostly of well-traveled adults, which of the following should he do? a. Demonstrate how to pack a suitcase, get a boarding pass, and order drinks on a plane. b. Explain some unusual complications of airline travel. c. Discuss airplane safety features and general emergency instructions. d. Encourage his audience to fly first class because he feels that is the only way to travel.

b. Explain some unusual complications of airline travel

A model is a reproduction of an object that, in real life, is too complex to be used as an aid in one's speech. a. True b. False

b. False

As long as you begin a speech with enthusiasm, it doesn't matter how you end it. a. True b. False

b. False

Sandy is delivering a speech about how to save money. She tells her audience to remember three things: save at least 20 dollars every two weeks; spend less on nonessential items; and, start investing immediately. Which organizational pattern is Sandy using? a. Pro-con b. Gimmick c. Topical d. Causal

b. Gimmick

Certain cultures apply meaning to a particular color. This phenomenon is demonstrated by ... a. many South American cultures, who wear the color red to symbolize innocence. b. North American cultures, who wear the color black to symbolize mourning. c. many East Asian cultures who wear the color black to symbolize death. d. many European cultures, who wear the color white to symbolize death.

b. North American cultures, who wear the color black to symbolize mourning.

Which of the following methods of delivering your speech should be avoided unless absolutely necessary? a. Giving an extemporaneous speech b. Reading from a manuscript c. Presenting a memorized speech d. Delivering an impromptu speech

b. Reading from a manuscript

The delivery of your speech depends on both your verbal and non-verbal behavior. a. False b. True

b. True

When rehearsing, it is a good idea to duplicate as many of the actual conditions of your speech as possible. a. False b. True

b. True

Computer-generated aids should be avoided if ... a. the occasion does not warrant it (such as a eulogy) b. all other answers c. you recently learned how to use the technology d. you are unsure of the accommodations

b. all other answers

Leaning forward generally indicates ... a. anger b. interest c. disillusionment d. impatience

b. interest

Which of the following is not a tactic for properly rehearsing your speech? a. Use anxiety-reduction techniques b. Rehearse using your presentation aids c. Run through the speech in your mind d. Stand when practicing your speech

c. Run through the speech in your mind

Which of the following statements regarding gestures is not true? a. Alter adaptors involve making gestures in response to the audience. b. Gestures are movements you make with your hands. c. Speakers substitute illustrators for words or ideas. d. Gestures include illustrators, emblems, and adaptors.

c. Speakers substitute illustrators for words or ideas.

Janice is a top sales agent at a large firm. Her boss has asked her to give a presentation to the company's five-member board of directors about her winning sales strategies. Which of the following approaches should Janice not take regarding her presentation? a. Asking her boss what a typical presentation to the board involves. b. Asking a friend who spoke to the board last month if board members had indicated a preference for computer-generated presentation aids. c. Trying to impress the board with a flashy, highly technical computer presentation. d. Finding out how much time she is allotted before deciding whether or not to use computer-generated presentation aids.

c. Trying to impress the board with a flashy, highly technical computer presentation.

Which of the following is not an advantage of using video in a presentation? a. Video appeals to visually oriented audience members. b. A video clip can display layers of meaning. c. Video diminishes audience retention. d. Video is familiar to most audience members.

c. Video diminishes audience retention.

Speakers often fixate on their presentation aids when they should instead focus on their ... a. tone and verbal style b. note cards c. audience d. speech

c. audience

A monotone speaker is one with little variation in ____________________. a. volume b. rate c. pitch d. articulation

c. pitch

All of the following are aspects of vocal clarity except ... a. articulation b. pronunciation c. pitch d. enunciation

c. pitch

Yukio gave a speech in his public speaking class on the films of the Iranian director Abbas Kiarostami. Yukio's aunt, who is president of a local film society, has asked him to give the speech to her group. Yukio should ... a. rewrite his speech, changing only the examples he uses. b. give the speech exactly as he gave it in class. c. rewrite his speech, making it more technical. d. rewrite his speech, making it less technical.

c. rewrite his speech, making it more technical.

Ron is a nervous wreck before his first speech. Shortly after he begins speaking, he drops his note cards, and they scatter like leaves in a whirlwind. Once he gathers them up, he has to fumble through them before he can find his place and begin speaking again. Which of the following would have made Ron's speech go slightly better? a. Speaking very loudly to overcome his anxiety b. Reading his fully written-out speech from a manuscript c. Looking only at his instructor while giving his speech d. Numbering his note cards

d. Numbering his note cards

During an argument, Bob's mother rightly accused him of lying to her. He can't figure out how she caught him. Which of the following gestures might Bob have made? a. Moving his eyes up and to the right b. Putting his hands on his hips c. Maintaining full eye contact d. Placing his hands on his face

d. Placing his hands on his face

Ann is concerned that her speech will be hampered by an ineffective delivery rate. Which of the following tactics would you recommend for Ann? a. Practice using vocalizations b. Use more inflection c. Develop a more appropriate way to explain complex points d. Record and listen to her presentation

d. Record and listen to her presentation

Which of the following is the best reason to avoid red-green combinations in visual aids? a. They are not analogous colors. b. They cannot be seen easily from a distance. c. They are too strongly associated with Christmas. d. They look the same to colorblind people.

d. They look the same to colorblind people.

Which of the following is not true of vocal expressiveness? a. Increased volume helps provide emphasis. b. Rate can express the mood of your speech. c. Audiences sometimes view loud speakers as aggressive. d. Vocal expressiveness involves pitch, rate, and dialect.

d. Vocal expressiveness involves pitch, rate, and dialect.

Computer-generated presentation aids would be most appropriate for which of the following presentations? a. A business proposal to a group of potential investors b. A motivational sales meeting c. A eulogy honoring a dear friend d. A speech introducing a coworker who has won an award

a. A business proposal to a group of potential investors

Presentation aids allow speakers to provide proof of their data. a. True b. False

a. True

Before giving a speech using presentation aids, you should ... a. all other answers b. learn to troubleshoot any equipment that you might be using c. consult any assistant you might employ d. rehearse using your presentation aids

a. all other answers

Your note cards should include all of the following except ... a. an extensive outline of phrases b. words that demand emphasis c. prompts for introducing presentation aids d. prompts for pauses

a. an extensive outline of phrases

Tapping notecards or nervously playing with a watch is the type of gesture known as ... a. an object adaptor b. an illustrator c. a self adaptor d. an alter adaptor

a. an object adaptor

On the day of your presentation, you should do the following except ... a. arrive a few minutes before your presentation to investigate the lighting and overall setup of the room. b. package your aids carefully. c. cue any tapes or film. d. bring in any accessories you might use during your presentation.

a. arrive a few minutes before your presentation to investigate the lighting and overall setup of the room.

To use presentation aids appropriately, you should ... a. attempt to incorporate strong color contrasts b. recognize that words communicate more powerfully than images, regardless of the audience c. recognize that colors have the same meanings in different cultures d. use as many different colors as possible in order to make your presentation visually stimulating to your audience

a. attempt to incorporate strong color contrasts

Presentation aids allow speakers to do the following except ... a. diminish their obligation to prepare a speech. b. keep track of the points that they have made. c. diminish their awareness of the audience. d. move around while they are presenting.

a. diminish their obligation to prepare a speech.

Which of the following is an advantage to delivering an extemporaneous speech? a. easy to respond to audience feedback b. fosters feelings of confidence and control c. useful in cases of time constraints d. easy to lose your place in the speech

a. easy to respond to audience feedback

Emily is preparing for her final speech of the semester. Her professor consistently rates Emily's content high, but she also notes that Emily usually seems nervous. To appear at ease, Emily should avoid all of the following actions except ... a. keeping her hands open b. wringing her hands c. licking her lips d. twirling her hair

a. keeping her hands open

Ideally, videotape clips should be about ... a. one to three minutes long b. four to eight minutes long c. seven to ten minutes long d. none of the above

a. one to three minutes long

It is essential that you present balanced, unbiased viewpoints when presenting a speech organized according to the ... a. pro-con pattern b. topical pattern c. chronological pattern d. gimmick pattern

a. pro-con pattern

Matt is giving a speech on cars. He begins by saying, "Today, I am going to talk to you about three different types of cars: sports-utility vehicles, convertibles, and minivans." Matt is using the ____________________ pattern. a. topical b. causal c. gimmick d. pro-con

a. topical

To be effective, informative speeches must avoid ... a. using all of the information available on a topic. b. offering a variety of viewpoints. c. previewing the upcoming points. d. using objective sources.

a. using all of the information available on a topic.

All of the following factors are important for proper rehearsal and delivery except ... a. using an appropriate number of vocalizations b. emphasizing audience-appropriate content c. determining when to incorporate presentation aids d. performing a full dress rehearsal

a. using an appropriate number of vocalizations

Katherine's latest speech assignment requires her to develop and present an informative speech on vacation destinations. Which of the following introductory statements should Katherine choose? a. "Today, I'm going to tell you why your next vacation should be a trip to Thailand." b. "Today, we're going to take a look at the three most popular vacation destinations in California." c. "Today, we're going to take a look at the three best vacation destinations for people who love to snorkel." d. "Today, I'm going to explain why backpacking through Europe is the most rewarding vacation you'll ever take."

b. "Today, we're going to take a look at the three most popular vacation destinations in California."

On the day of your speech, you should ... a. pack your presentation aids well and arrange for their safe transportation b. all other answers c. bring any accessories you might need during your presentation d. cue any videotapes or film

b. all other answers

Rehearsing your speech is important because doing so ... a. helps you become more confident b. all other answers c. helps you identify areas that need improvement d. allows you to learn to meet time constraints

b. all other answers

Presentation aids generally __________ audience understanding and __________ speaker anxiety. a. increase; increase b. increase; decrease c. decrease; increase d. decrease; decrease

b. increase; decrease

An informative speech that involves telling a story is an example of which of the following types? a. descriptive b. narrative c. demonstration d. explanatory

b. narrative

According to the lecture, a public speaker should make deliberate choices about all of the following aspects of physical delivery except ... a. eye contact b. nervousness c. overall appearance d. facial expressions

b. nervousness

Lavinia wants her animated slides to emphasize how strongly she feels about the need for judicial reform, so she makes all of the text in the slides uppercase. Her instructor suggests that she might be better off with normal upper- and lowercase usage for all of the following reasons except that ... a. her classmates are more familiar with a mixture of upper- and lowercase type. b. she does not need to be quite so enthusiastic about her topic. c. all-uppercase text is very hard to read. d. she should add emphasis to her message in other ways.

b. she does not need to be quite so enthusiastic about her topic.

Xandra is giving a speech on Jackson Pollock, the abstract painter. She knows the subject is probably unfamiliar to her classmates, so she pauses frequently to let what she's saying sink in. During one of these pauses, she notices her audience looking at her and at one another confusedly. To alleviate any apparent confusion, Xandra would be advised to do all of the following except ... a. maintain a consistent pace throughout the speech b. speak very slowly to compensate for the unfamiliarity of the material c. avoid using jargon or unexplained specialized terms d. make sure she has fully explained her main points with evidence and examples

b. speak very slowly to compensate for the unfamiliarity of the material

If you are giving an informative speech to deepen your audience's knowledge of a familiar topic, you should do all of the following except ... a. do research on the topic, even if you are very familiar with it. b. thoroughly review the familiar information in your speech before moving on to the new material. c. avoid overused topics that may not readily yield new information. d. always offer new material.

b. thoroughly review the familiar information in your speech before moving on to the new material

When using a set of __________, you should make an index of pages for reference. a. charts b. transparencies c. graphs d. slides

b. transparencies

Bradley gave a speech in which he said, "Um, you know, the Constitution protects the right of Americans to speak freely." Bradley's statement includes an example of ... a. enunciation b. vocalization c. rate d. articulation

b. vocalization

In Anthony's last speech evaluation, his instructor explained that Anthony's topic sentence lacked specificity. Anthony is delivering an informative speech about the many roles television plays in people's lives. His main points will be to discuss television as educational, entertaining, and destructive. Which of the following topic sentences should he use to avoid repeating his previous mistakes? a. "Today, I am going to tell you why television's ability to educate is more important than its ability to entertain or negatively influence people." b. "Today, I am going to talk to you about the different roles television can play in our society." c. "Today, I am going to discuss the ways in which television serves as an educational tool, an entertainment tool, and a negative influence on young children in the United States."

c. "Today, I am going to discuss the ways in which television serves as an educational tool, an entertainment tool, and a negative influence on young children in the United States."

All of the following questions can help you determine your informative purpose except ... a. "Will my speech help my audience understand a topic?" b. "Will my speech explain the advantages and disadvantages of different options?" c. "Will my speech try to change my audience's attitudes or behaviors?" d. "Will my speech explain how to do something."

c. "Will my speech try to change my audience's attitudes or behaviors?"

Which of the following statements about physical delivery is incorrect? a. As a speaker, you should be aware of your body language throughout your presentations. b. Your posture can indicate your confidence and control. c. As you conclude your speech, you should maintain eye contact and wait for the audience's response. d. Physical delivery includes a speaker's gestures, posture, and nonverbal communication.

c. As you conclude your speech, you should maintain eye contact and wait for the audience's response.

Both of these types of speeches allow the speaker to respond or adapt to an audience's responses: a. None of the above b. Impromptu and manuscript readings c. Extemporaneous and impromptu d. Extemporaneous and memorized

c. Extemporaneous and impromptu

Enrique needs to choose a topic for an explanatory informative speech. Which of the following would be the best choice for him? a. The life of Winston Churchill b. A business strategy based on the story of Jonah and the whale c. Forestry regulations d. How to cut silhouettes out of paper

c. Forestry regulations

In his speech, Randy said, "Lemme explain the three most important things you can do to land a job after college." He may need to be more careful about his ... a. articulation b. pronunciation c. enunciation d. dialect

c. enunciation

Of the following, the one least appropriate for a demonstration video would be an illustration of ... a. how to fix a flat tire. b. how to handle hazardous chemicals. c. how to decorate a cake. d. windsurfing techniques.

c. how to decorate a cake.

To show your audience the consumption of tofu over a thirty-year period, you would use a ... a. bar graph b. flow chart c. line graph d. pie graph

c. line graph

During a presentation at the Comdex Convention in the Spring of 1998, Bill Gates and his assistant ... a. were not surprised that their equipment failed to perform. b. anticipated Murphy's Law. c. made the mistake of not checking their equipment ahead of time. d. successfully presented their new Windows product.

c. made the mistake of not checking their equipment ahead of time.

When using transparencies, you should ... a. use the "peek-a-boo" strategy to display a limited portion of the transparency. b. impress your audience by using them in combination with several other presentation aids such as slides, pictures, and graphs. c. make the entire transparency visible at once. d. avoid making the entire transparency visible at once.

c. make the entire transparency visible at once.

Small symbolic or iconic images that are used to represent data symbolically are called ... a. typography b. line graphs c. pictographs d. data display

c. pictographs

For a speech to a political science class, Jaron wants to show how state, local, and national governments allocate their budgets. He could most clearly demonstrate this with a series of ... a. three-dimensional graphs b. bar graphs c. pie charts d. line graphs

c. pie charts

All of the following would be acceptable topics for a descriptive informative speech except ... a. the "Lost Generation" of American expatriate writers in Paris b. the 1963 March on Washington c. the historical significance of Ellis Island d. Carlsbad Caverns in New Mexico

c. the historical significance of Ellis Island

The following are important aspects to consider when developing presentation aids except ... a. investigating the setting of the speech b. using fonts consistently c. using complex layouts in order to appear technologically credible d. using appropriate grammar

c. using complex layouts in order to appear technologically credible

Angela plans to give an informative speech on recycling to a local women's organization. Which of the following topic sentences would best suit her purpose and audience? a. "Today, I will discuss the automobile industry's efforts to increase recycling of steel, rubber, and aluminum." b. "Today, I will address why we need to offer more incentives to multinational corporations for recycling." c. "Today, I'll tell you why you should start recycling your paper, glass, and plastic products immediately." d. "Today, I will discuss three materials available for recycling in our community: aluminum, paper, and plastic."

d. "Today, I will discuss three materials available for recycling in our community: aluminum, paper, and plastic."

__________ was quoted as saying "If I can't see it, I can't understand it." a. Albert Mehrabian b. Francis Crick c. George W. Bush d. Albert Einstein

d. Albert Einstein

In developing a speech about the life of Gertrude Stein, you would usually use which organizational pattern? a. Topical b. Gimmick c. Causal d. Chronological

d. Chronological

Mason has to give a demonstration speech. Since he does tai chi every morning, he decides to use tai chi as the subject of his speech. Which of the following techniques would be least effective for Mason's speech? a. Asking his audience to try a few simple tai chi movements b. Explaining and performing three important tai chi movements c. Discussing how performing tai chi could help audience members relieve stress d. Explaining the historical development of tai chi

d. Explaining the historical development of tai chi

Which of the following statements regarding methods of speech delivery is incorrect? a. Memorizing a speech requires a speaker to be able to recite a speech verbatim without looking at notes. b. To decide which delivery style to use, a speaker should first analyze the four elements of the public speaking situation. c. A state of the union address is an example of a speech read from a manuscript. d. For an impromptu speech, a speaker must write out the complete speech in oral style.

d. For an impromptu speech, a speaker must write out the complete speech in oral style.

The notion that "anything that can go wrong will go wrong" is often referred to as .... a. Foster's Axiom b. None of the above c. The Peter Principle d. Murphy's Law

d. Murphy's Law

Which of the following is not a common problem of cluttered presentation aids? a. Text too small to be read b. Complicated design c. Too many colors d. Not enough explanation

d. Not enough explanation

Which of the following statements regarding eye contact is incorrect? a. To make effective eye contact, you must know your material well. b. You should practice making eye contact when you rehearse your speech. c. During speeches in class, make eye contact with your audience more often than with your instructor. d. Using limited eye contact may encourage the audience to view you as shy, friendly, and trustworthy.

d. Using limited eye contact may encourage the audience to view you as shy, friendly, and trustworthy.

All of the following might encourage a speaker to use computer-generated presentation aids except ... a. a speech to a large group of people b. a technologically savvy audience c. the speaker having expertise at creating computer-generated aids d. a celebratory speech

d. a celebratory speech

Vocal clarity involves three distinct aspects. They are ... a. articulation, enunciation, and tone b. articulation, pronunciation, and eloquence c. articulation, tone, and rhythm d. articulation, pronunciation, and enunciation

d. articulation, pronunciation, and enunciation

To select the best presentation aid, you should ... a. consider your topic the most important factor. b. consider one that will allow you to divert your attention away from the audience. c. remember that your presentation aids are as important as the speech itself. d. keep in mind that you are the most important presentation aid.

d. keep in mind that you are the most important presentation aid.

Because they do not want to bore the audience members or intrude upon their time, beginning speakers will often deliver their speeches too ... a. slowly b. repetitiously c. lengthily d. quickly

d. quickly

Facial expressions are cues that an audience uses to ... a. anticipate the speaker's next main point b. tell whether the speaker is serious c. decide how much feedback to give the speaker d. read a speaker's emotions

d. read a speaker's emotions

Before giving a presentation using videotaped materials, do all of the following except ... a. check the timing of the video. b. practice using the remote control. c. include stop and start cues in your speaking notes. d. record more information than you will refer to in your speech.

d. record more information than you will refer to in your speech.

Presentation aids can ... a. distract your audience from your message b. provide needed detail to a complex topic c. can be difficult to create d. simplify complex topics

d. simplify complex topics

The three main categories of presentation aids are ... a. two-dimensional, three-dimensional, and four dimensional b. handouts, demonstrations, and audio-visual displays c. visual, auditory, and sensory d. two-dimensional, three-dimensional, and sensory

d. two-dimensional, three-dimensional, and sensory