Public Speaking - Study Guide

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Which one of the following statements about pauses is false?

Pauses should last a minimum of ten seconds.

A speaker says, "How long will America continue to be plagued with child abuse?" This is an example of ________________ question.

a rhetorical

In a speech of refutation, you are more likely to demolish opposing arguments if the opposing arguments are based on

a set of erroneous facts.

"The stars are like diamonds in the sky." This is an example of

a simile.

A speaker says, "Now we come to the most important thing I have to tell you." Which device is the speaker using?

a spotlight

A speaker says, "What I am going to explain now will help you understand the rest of the speech." Which device is the speaker using?

a spotlight

If you want to reproduce a U.S. Weather Bureau pamphlet on how to protect oneself in a tornado, you are required to

do nothing except cite the source.

If a funeral director is called a "grief therapist," what type of language is being used?

doublespeak

If the person who sends your car through a car wash is called "a corrosion control specialist," what type of language is being used?

doublespeak

A speaker says, "I owned a Ford and had nothing but trouble with it. My cousin had a Ford that was a lemon. And my best friend is unhappy with her Ford. I tell you, Ford is a lousy automobile." What fallacy in reasoning is the speaker using?

hasty generalization

According to advice given in the text, a speaker who is addressing hearing-impaired listeners does not need to

exaggerate words.

"Manufacturers such as Ford, General Motors, and Toyota make sports utility vehicles." This sentence illustrates the use of

examples.

"To inform my audience about the dangers of quicksand" is a specific purpose statement for which type of speech?

explanation

The most popular method of public speaking in the United States is

extemporaneous

Which aspect of nonverbal communication is considered a "figurative handshake"?

eye contact

Hermina listened politely to a speech on zoos, but she became angry when the speaker argued for abolition of all zoos. For the rest of the speech, she tuned him out and planned counter-arguments to throw at him during the question-and-answer period. What listening mistake is she making?

failing to control emotions

Ned is trying hard to pull up his grades in a class. When the instructor lectures, he furiously writes down virtually every word that is said. Which listening mistake is Ned making?

failing to take notes correctly

Labels on visual aids should be

horizontal

According to the text, results of polls often depend upon

how a question is asked.

An outline helps you to see the relationship between

ideas.

According to the text, brainstorming by a small group resulted in which successful product?

image-capture chips in digital cameras

The PREP (Position, Reason, Example, Position) template is recommended for __________________ speeches.

impromptu

Which method of delivery involves speaking on the spur of the moment with no chance to prepare?

impromptu

"To explain how thermometers work" is an example of a ______ written specific purpose.

incorrectly

The ______ loophole in copyright laws lets scholars, writers, and public speakers disseminate small amounts of information without having to get permission.

fair use

A eulogy should

focus on the significance of a person's life and deeds.

The note-taking system suggested by the text has three columns with headings for main ideas, support material, and

follow-up.

A spoken acknowledgment of the source of one's material is known as an oral

footnote.

One of the goals of informative speaking is to convey what kind of information?

fresh

A speaker who interviews a few members of an audience before a speech is

gaining a good sample of what the audience is like.

"To entertain" is an example of a

general purpose

According to research cited in the text, employees who multitask during business meetings may be

given extra work.

If you want to ask dog experts on the Internet about their experiences with electronic fences, your best strategy is to post a query via

groups and forums.

A speaker says, "I knew a red-headed kid in third grade who was always getting into fights on the playground. And I know two red heads who are easily angered. I guess you can say that red heads are quick-tempered people." The speaker is guilty of using which kind of fallacy in reasoning?

hasty generalization

The term used by the text to describe "a zesty, enthusiastic, lively feeling with a slight edge to it" is

positive nervousness.

It is _________________________ for an introduction to be too short.

possible

To avoid memory lapses during a speech,

prepare a card with key information on it

A speech designed to formally bestow an award of honor is known as a speech of

presentation.

During research, you can sometimes get key information from a book by using an online

preview.

Which one of the following options fails to serve as orienting material?

previewing the body of the speech

If you show the audience the prevalence of brain injuries among child athletes and then tell your listeners how to improve the situation, you are using which organizational pattern?

problem-solution

Which of these comments would be most helpful for an evaluator to make to a speaker?

"Try to speak in a conversational manner."

If you are part of a team and you review your notes while one of your team members is speaking to an audience, what signal are you sending to the audience?

"What is being said is not very important."

The text recommends which of the following wordings for an invitation to company employees?

"You and your guest are invited to the company picnic."

Which organizational pattern is especially popular in persuasive speeches?

problem-solution

"To inform my listeners how a guitar makes music" is a specific purpose statement for which type of speech?

process

In brainstorming, you should

produce a flurry of ideas without any initial criticism

The technique whereby a visual is displayed one part at a time is known as

progressive revelation.

Which one of the following is not listed by the text as part of overall speech design?

question-and-answer period

In a team presentation, the text says, the most important part is the

question-and-answer period.

Informing the audience of your qualifications to speak on a topic is

recommended to build credibility.

For visual aids, the safest text color for all audience members (including color-blind people) is black on a light background with the color _______ for emphasis.

red

Which type of logical fallacy diverts listeners from the real issue to an unrelated matter?

red herring

If listeners are already favorable toward your ideas, your task is to

reinforce your listeners' positive views.

If you make changes in copyrighted material, the material

retains its copyright status.

The technique of changing one's behavior by performing scenarios and receiving critiques is called

role play.

According to the text, we should eliminate hidden purposes that

sabotage our true goal.

A speaker who blames doctors for the rise in lung cancer deaths is engaging in

scapegoating.

In Maslow's hierarchy, the human need to help others falls into the _______________ category of needs.

self-actualization

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the highest level of needs is

self-actualization.

The safest kind of joke is

self-deprecating

In planning the body of the speech, the text recommends that you spread out your ideas on a table top or a computer screen and experiment with different

sequences.

For a presentation, which approach do most international audiences prefer?

serious

A group called "Mothers for Honest Government" issues a report on campaign financing. A researcher

should find out who is in the group and what motives it has.

Non-linear presentation software programs, such as Prezi, do not use

slides

Support materials _______________ prove a point.

sometimes

To persuade corporations and politicians to change their policies, online petitions have

sometimes had quick success.

Acting as if you are poised and confident

sometimes leads to actually becoming poised and confident

Hidden objectives in a speech

sometimes sabotage a speaker's primary goal

A speaker describes the safety features of a new car, starting at the front bumper and progressing to the rear bumper. Which organizational pattern is the speaker using?

spatial

In a speech on redwood trees, a speaker begins by discussing the roots, proceeds to the trunk, then the branches, and finally the leaves. Which organizational pattern is being used?

spatial

For an outline, which one of the following is unnecessary?

speaker's notes

The success of vivid images as support material depends upon the good use of

specific details.

If you explain the three factors that have contributed to a rise in asthma cases, you are using which organizational pattern?

statement-of-reasons

A speaker who says, "France is 212,000 square miles—roughly the size of Texas," is using

statistics.

Before you give a speech of introduction, you should coordinate your remarks with the speaker's. The primary reason for doing so is to avoid

stealing the speaker's material.

A speaker says, "People who favor gun control want to turn our society over to the criminals. Therefore, we must ignore these gun-control advocates." This speaker is guilty of using which kind of fallacy in reasoning?

straw man

A speaker says, "Scientists who perform operations on animals in laboratories are not interested in getting scientific knowledge—they enjoy inflicting suffering on animals. Therefore, we must stop the use of animals in experiments." This speaker is guilty of using which kind of fallacy in reasoning?

straw man NOT - either-or reasoning

It is legal to download an image from the Internet without asking for permission if the use of the image is limited to a

student speech in a college classroom.

The text quotes the old speechmaking formula, "Tell 'em what you're going to tell 'em. Tell 'em. Then tell 'em what you told 'em." The last sentence refers to the

summary

A series of brief speeches on a common topic is known as a

symposium.

A toast offered at a wedding should avoid

teasing.

If you fear that you will cry while telling a painful personal story in a speech, you should

tell the story after alerting the audience that you might cry.

Which one of the following is inappropriate for a best man's speech at a wedding celebration?

telling a joke about the groom's ex-girlfriend

A speaker says, "According to historian Barbara Tuchman, 'Every successful revolution puts on in time the robes of the tyrant it has deposed.'" This sentence illustrates the use of

testimony.

Which part of the speech does the text recommend that you create first?

the body

Main points are designed to help the audience understand and remember

the central idea

Which of the following should give the essence of your speech?

the central idea

Taking notes on a laptop computer during a speech is discouraged unless

the listener gets permission from the speaker beforehand.

If nonverbal communication contradicts verbal messages, listeners will accept _________________________ as the true message.

the nonverbal

Convincing your audience that democracy is expanding in China is an example of a speech

to influence thinking.

Ed's objective for his speech is to get listeners to stop a certain behavior. What is his general purpose?

to persuade

For a classroom speech, "prisons in America" would be a topic that is

too broad.

The specific purpose "to explain to my listeners the chemical composition of vegetable oils" is ______ for a classroom speech.

too technical

"Food-borne illnesses" is an example of a

topic.

A speaker discusses three types of work dogs. Which pattern is the speaker using?

topical

The part of a speech that links one section to another is known as a

transition.

An outline should include

transitions

An ancient Chinese proverb says, "I hear, and I forget. I see, and I remember. I do, and I

understand."

A public speaker who tries to eliminate all fear is pursuing a goal that is

undesirable

Which of the following can cause a speech to be dull?

unenthusiastic delivery

In an oral presentation, if you say, "I'm happy to speak to you today," but your facial expression shows unhappiness, your audience is most likely to assume that you are

unhappy about speaking.

For a speech on spiders, pulling tarantulas out of a box and letting them walk about would

upset some listeners and put them in an unreceptive mood.

The extemporaneous method of speaking involves

using notes.

"Uh" and "um" are examples of what the text calls

verbal fillers

To avoid mistakes in a speech, it is a good idea to ask someone to review it beforehand to ______ its accuracy.

verify

A vlog specializes in

video files

Which kind of liquid can be used for a toast in the United States and Canada, but should be avoided in some other cultures?

water

In which one of the following situations is the problem-solution pattern a bad choice?

when listeners already accept your solution

A speaker who asks listeners to turn off electronic devices is

wisely improving the odds that the audience will listen to the message.

"The secret of a successful team," says Dean Kamen, "is not to assemble the largest team possible, but rather to assemble a team that can

work well together."

An open-ended question on a questionnaire involves

writing out a sentence or paragraph

The main disadvantage of interlibrary loan is that

you cannot be certain of a book arriving quickly.

In a persuasive speech, you should reveal to the audience

your true goals and motives.

Which one of these channels for learning information is the strongest?

physical activity

Striving for perfection

places unnecessary pressure on yourself

In giving a speaker an evaluation of a speech, which should be presented first?

positive comments

In a speech, which is the best use of statistics?

"In the last election, more than 96 million Americans voted."

Which question is the major concern of the audience-centered speaker?

"Am I getting my message across to the listeners?"

Sites at which Internet domain tend to be the least objective?

.com

The term percent means "out of

100."

Speeches at the world-famous TED conferences must be delivered in no more than ______ minutes.

18

A book or magazine published before _____ is no longer protected by copyright and may be reproduced and distributed by anyone without violating the law.

1923

A speech of introduction should be kept under _______ minutes.

3

Ten minutes after listening to a 10-minute oral presentation, the average person understands and retains ____ % of the information.

50

For a pie graph in a speech, the text recommends no more than _______ wedges.

8

Regarding a speaker's credibility with an audience, which one of the following statements is true?

A speaker is better off using no visual aids at all than poor quality ones.

Which of the following recommendations was mentioned in the text as a way to manage nervousness?

Act as if you are already poised and confident.

Which one of the following statements is true?

All main points need supporting materials.

When you are a speaker, which of the following is the key question to constantly ask yourself?

Am I getting through to my listeners?

According to the text, whether you succeed in persuasion often comes down to which of the following key questions?

Are you trustworthy?

What is the first step in the reflective-thinking method?

Define the problem.

An inspirational speech is often similar to ______ speech.

a persuasive

Which one of the following is incorrect grammatically?

I have already took algebra.

Which of the following shows a parallel grammatical form?

If you are trapped outdoors in a thunderstorm, avoid being the tallest object in a field, stay away from poles and fences, and do not touch any metal.

A few audience members are rudely chatting among themselves during your speech, distracting other listeners. Which one of the following solutions is unacceptable?

Ignore the talkers.

Which of the following does the text recommend as a way to release tension?

Inhale and exhale slowly.

Jack Smith works hard on a committee preparing a plan for action. At the sixth meeting, he finds out that the committee can only advise; it does not have the power to take action. Jack is distraught because he feels that much of his work has been in vain. Whose fault is it that Jack has labored under a misconception?

It is the group leader's fault for not making clear the scope of the group's power.

In what country do listeners sometimes close their eyes to show respect for the speaker's ideas?

Japan

The most common form of color-blindness is

NOT - red/green.

In a persuasive speech, conceding that your ideas do not work in all cases ______ your credibility.

NOT - undermines

For hard-to-find information, use

Several different search engines

Concerning a complete-sentence outline and the speech itself, which one of the following statements is true?

The speech itself should have more words than the outline.

Which one of the following is incorrect grammatically?

This news is just between you and I.

"A tornado's funnel is like the vortex you see when you let water go down a drain." This is an example of which principle?

Use the familiar to explain the unfamiliar.

A taboo is

a prohibition.

In most libraries, the person who is best able to help you with your research is called ______ librarian.

a reference

In a survey of American attitudes, the American Jewish Committee found that a large number of respondents had a low opinion of

Wisians.

Which one of the following can be reprinted without getting permission?

a U.S. Department of Agriculture booklet on how to raise bees

A speaker's clothes should be ______ the listeners' clothes.

a bit dressier than

A speaker says, "Now that we have looked at the problem, let's turn our attention to the solution." Which device is the speaker using?

a bridge

According to research, which is the more persuasive type of evidence?

a clear, vivid personal example NOT - an abundance of statistical data

"Blind as a bat" is an example of

a cliché.

"Last, but not least" is an example of

a cliché.

Issuing an appeal or a challenge at the end of a speech is an example of

a clincher.

"What percentage of registered voters actually voted in the last presidential election?" is an example of ______ question.

a closed

"Jazz is a form of American music that grew out of African-American musical traditions." This sentence is

a definition.

Reading a script is not recommended for most speeches, but it may be acceptable for

a eulogy.

When politicians raise taxes, but call their action "revenue enhancement," they are using

a euphemism.

Meetings are sometimes sabotaged by participants who have

a hidden agenda.

A speaker wants to persuade an audience to stop engaging in unhealthy behavior. Which level of fear is most effective in accomplishing this objective?

a high level of fear

To introduce a speech filled with humor, what kind of speech of introduction would be appropriate?

a humorous speech of introduction to set a light tone

Which one of the following is an acceptable option in an introduction?

a hypothetical narrative

A DVD about your speech topic, given to listeners at the end of your speech, is an example of what the book calls

a leave-behind.

The stars are diamonds in the sky. This is an example of

a metaphor.

"After you open a can of worms, they always come home to roost." This is an example of

a mixed metaphor.

In a speech, which one of the following is a mistake if used in the conclusion?

a new main point

"Czech It Out! Why You Should Visit Prague" is an ______________ title for a speech.

acceptable

"Ouch! How to Treat a Bee Sting" is an ______________ title for a speech.

acceptable

It is ______ for a persuasive speech to include sections that seem identical to sections of an informative speech.

acceptable

The text says that interviewing an expert via e-mail is an ______ method.

acceptable

The final step in the motivated sequence is

action

If you as a speaker do not know the answer to a listener's question, you should

admit that you do not know the answer.

For a speech, the best time to distribute a five-page handout is

after you finish speaking.

"The sad sister sat on a silver seat" is an example of

alliteration.

Friendship is ______ word.

an abstract

Honesty is ______ word.

an abstract

"Punctuation marks are like traffic signs." This sentence is

an analogy.

For the first few sentences in a speech, which one of the following options would be a mistake?

an announcement of the topic

To confront listeners who are immersed in their electronic devices, speakers are advised by the text to try using _________ to capture audience interest.

an attention-getting introduction

A spine-tingling tale of adventure would be most appropriate for which kind of speech?

an entertaining speech

In career speeches, a few words spoken before your attention material is called

an icebreaker.

A verb form beginning with "to" is called

an infinitive.

A speaker says, "So far, we have seen that carelessness is the main cause for industrial accidents." Which device is the speaker using?

an internal summary

In research, which of the following resources is likeliest to yield the most up-to-date information?

an interview with an expert

A conclusion or judgment that remains open to dispute but seems true to one's own mind is

an opinion.

A speaker says, "In the latest issue of American Health, Dr. Emily Sanchez says that ..." This is an example of

an oral footnote.

"They don't care about people, but they do care about possessions." This sentence contains

antithesis.

If, during a speech, your mind goes blank and you forget where you are in the speech, the text recommends that you

ask the audience, "Where was I?"

Meetings should always begin

at the designated time

To encourage listeners to call the Red Cross to volunteer for blood donation, you should try to get them to use their cell phones

at the end of the speech.

A speaker says, "Jackson says he believes that there is intelligent life on some other planet in the universe, but how can you believe him? He's not an astronomer; in fact, he is not a scientist at all. The only degree he has is a master's in business administration." This speaker is guilty of using which kind of fallacy in reasoning?

attack on a person

A speaker says, "There is no need for me to refute Senator Smith's ideas about regulating professional baseball. Senator Smith is unqualified to speak on baseball because he has never played any sport on the high school, collegiate, or professional level." This speaker is guilty of using which type of fallacy in reasoning?

attack on a person

In a meeting, the group leader should forbid

attacks on people or ideas

The first step in the motivated sequence is

attention

Telling a story, asking a question, and using a visual aid are examples of

attention material.

The speech of introduction should give

background information about the speaker.

"Everyone is drinking strawberry lemonade for good health, and so should you." This is an example of which type of logical fallacy?

bandwagon

Which type of logical fallacy asserts an argument that is based on popularity rather than on evidence and reasoning?

bandwagon

When you are a participant in a panel discussion, you should ______ your position.

be willing to alter

Reading background material on a speaker's topic is something the listener should do ______ the speech.

before

In an outline, it would be unnecessary to insert a transition in which of the following places?

between the conclusion and documentation

If you are speaking in front of a camera in a video production, you should avoid wearing which color?

black

An outline for a speech is like a

blueprint of a house.

Most attorneys believe that courtroom battles are won because of the effectiveness of

both the opening statement and the closing argument.

You can signal the end of a speech with ______ signals.

both verbal and nonverbal

When no time limit is set for a speech, the speaker should talk

briefly

"Because Germans are the smartest engineers in the world, you should buy a German-made car." This speaker is guilty of using what kind of fallacy in reasoning?

building on an unproven assumption

If listeners expect a well-known comedian to speak about humor, but she speaks on modern art, they will probably be

disappointed in her choice.

If your multimedia projector stops working during a PowerPoint presentation, your best option is to

distribute paper copies of the slides and continue your presentation.

Explaining Adolf Hitler's identity to a college audience

can be carried out indirectly, without insulting anyone's intelligence.

One disadvantage of using a full sheet of paper for speaking notes is that a sheet

can cause a speaker's eyes to glide over key points.

The cause-effect pattern of organization

can explain either causes or effects first

"Air fresheners, candles, and incense can contain organic compounds that cause health problems for some people." This is an example of a

central idea.

The most important task in a speech is to communicate the

central idea.

The part of a speech that you want your listeners to remember if they forget everything else is known as the

central idea.

A loudspeaker is an example of a

channel

For a speech on the history of a Native American family in Arizona, which organizational pattern would you be most likely to choose?

chronological

Which type of speech rarely needs visual aids?

church sermons

The formats of MLA and APA are designed to help you to

cite sources

It is legal to download multimedia files from the Internet if they are to be used in

classroom speeches.

Public speakers should regard their task as

communication only.

If you are asked to speak impromptu in five minutes, the first thing you should do is decide your

conclusion.

The emotional meaning attached to a word is its

connotation

"Sleet is harsh and icy, whereas snow is soft and fluffy" is an example of a

contrast.

Posters are often preferred to PowerPoint slides in

courtrooms

In considering whether and how to use PowerPoint slides, your first step is to

create the outline for your speech.

The text says that grammatical errors in a speech distract the audience and can cause the speaker to lose

credibility with the audience.

Which one of the following is on the textbook's list of criteria for trustworthy information?

current

If you practice your speech and find that you are two minutes over the time limit, you should

cut out material in your outline and speaking notes.

Testimonials should be handled with care because they

do not constitute proof.

Reasoning that moves from a generalization to a specific conclusion is ______ reasoning.

deductive NOT - inductive

"To explain to my listeners the meaning of feminism in modern America" is a specific purpose statement for which type of speech?

definition

For speaker's notes, the text recommends that _____________ be written in large letters and contrasting colors.

delivery reminders

An important dimension of inspirational speaking is

delivery.

A dictionary definition of a word is its

denotation

"To tell my audience about the life of Florence Nightingale" is a specific purpose statement for which type of speech?

description

The three most popular types of speeches are informative, entertaining, and

persuasive.

A good time to use a topic outline is during the

early stages of preparation, when you are brainstorming and putting down your ideas.

In the famous Coca-Cola fiasco involving "New Coke" in the 1980s, the soft drink maker erred by choosing a solution that was ______________ but wrong.

easy

A speech of tribute praises which type of person?

either a dead or living person

In a bar graph, the bars should be

either horizontal or vertical

The visualization step of the motivated sequence offers a scenario that is

either positive or negative.

A speaker says, "We must adopt a vegetarian diet, or we will all die of cancer." This speaker is guilty of using which fallacy in reasoning?

either-or reasoning

A speaker says, "We must change to the metric system or we will fall behind the rest of the world in science and industry." This speaker is guilty of using which kind of fallacy in reasoning?

either-or reasoning

Which kind of speech would you be most likely to deliver to an evening banquet?

entertaining

A group spends all its time on minor issues and never gets around to the major issues. The group would best solve the problem by

establishing and following an agenda.

The belief that one's own cultural group is superior to other groups is known as

ethnocentrism

A headache causes which type of distraction?

physical

A pediatrician sees five children in her office one winter morning. Because all five have symptoms of influenza, the pediatrician concludes that her community is experiencing an influenza epidemic. The pediatrician has used ______ reasoning.

inductive

A speech recounting the history of the attack on Pearl Harbor would be which type of speech?

informative

According to the text, a sudden bolt of panic can hit speakers who

initially feel no fear.

A coach giving a pep talk to her team is delivering which type of speech?

inspirational

The goal of using examples, stories, and visual aids is to make your information

interesting

In the speech communication process, anything that blocks or hinders the communication of a message is called

interference.

A key objective of a ______ speech is to get the speaker and audience interested in each other.

introduction

When practicing your speech, devote extra time to the

introduction

The greatest amount of anxiety in a speech is usually experienced during the

introduction.

According to the text, shyness

is a characteristic of some successful people in show business

A speaker says, "It is easy to quit smoking. I have done so a thousand times." This is an example of what the text calls __________ humor.

low-key

Writing complete sentences in your outline will

make it easier for another person to help you than if you write phrases.

Which method of delivery is a person most likely to use in delivering a paper at a scientific conference?

manuscript

The text says that for interviewing experts, social networks like Facebook

may be helpful.

Imagine five people of the following ages: 32, 28, 20, 18, and 17. The 20-year-old has the __________ age.

median

Imagine five people of the following ages: 45, 37, 26, 20, and 18. The 26-year-old has the __________ age.

median

For a speech, your own personal experiences and observations

might provide valuable material that can be used in a speech.

The text quotes Keith Davis as saying, "Hearing is with the ears; listening is with the

mind."

A document that summarizes what transpired at a meeting is known as the

minutes.

A written record of the group's activities during a meeting is called the

minutes. NOT - agenda.

"The Indonesians have a tough row to hoe to keep their economic heads above water." This is an example of a

mixed metaphor.

In an agenda, items should be ordered from ______ important.

most important to least

In a speech of introduction, you should use the

name the speaker prefers.

In the motivated sequence, the second step is

need.

The Internet address "www.etw.org" indicates a

non-profit entity.

During a presentation, you should _____________ look at your visual aids.

occasionally

To convince listeners to reject the idea that tornadoes are incapable of striking large cities. This is an example of a specific purpose statement for a speech

of refutation.

A good persuasive speech __________ contains sections that look like sections of an informative speech.

often

Persuasion in one's career

often requires weeks, months, or even years.

For your speaking notes on a piece of paper or note card, you should write on

only one side.

Skepticism, as defined by the text, is equivalent to

open-minded inquiry.

When hiring, employers are most likely to be influenced by an applicant's

oral communication skills (speaking and listening).

The best place to reassure your listeners that you are well-prepared and that you are not going to waste their time is in the ______ material.

orienting

A speaker says, "Please raise your hands to answer this: How many of you know how to swim?" What kind of question is this speaker using?

overt-response

"We want justice for ourselves, for our friends, and for our children." This is an example of

parallel structure.

"This is a government by the people, of the people, and for the people." This is an example of

parallel structure. NOT - a metaphor.

The best way to indicate that you have finished with a quotation is to

pause as an "oral" punctuation device.

The statistical device that identifies a portion of 100 is called the

percentage.


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