Public Speaking - Study Guide
Which one of the following statements about pauses is false?
Pauses should last a minimum of ten seconds.
A speaker says, "How long will America continue to be plagued with child abuse?" This is an example of ________________ question.
a rhetorical
In a speech of refutation, you are more likely to demolish opposing arguments if the opposing arguments are based on
a set of erroneous facts.
"The stars are like diamonds in the sky." This is an example of
a simile.
A speaker says, "Now we come to the most important thing I have to tell you." Which device is the speaker using?
a spotlight
A speaker says, "What I am going to explain now will help you understand the rest of the speech." Which device is the speaker using?
a spotlight
If you want to reproduce a U.S. Weather Bureau pamphlet on how to protect oneself in a tornado, you are required to
do nothing except cite the source.
If a funeral director is called a "grief therapist," what type of language is being used?
doublespeak
If the person who sends your car through a car wash is called "a corrosion control specialist," what type of language is being used?
doublespeak
A speaker says, "I owned a Ford and had nothing but trouble with it. My cousin had a Ford that was a lemon. And my best friend is unhappy with her Ford. I tell you, Ford is a lousy automobile." What fallacy in reasoning is the speaker using?
hasty generalization
According to advice given in the text, a speaker who is addressing hearing-impaired listeners does not need to
exaggerate words.
"Manufacturers such as Ford, General Motors, and Toyota make sports utility vehicles." This sentence illustrates the use of
examples.
"To inform my audience about the dangers of quicksand" is a specific purpose statement for which type of speech?
explanation
The most popular method of public speaking in the United States is
extemporaneous
Which aspect of nonverbal communication is considered a "figurative handshake"?
eye contact
Hermina listened politely to a speech on zoos, but she became angry when the speaker argued for abolition of all zoos. For the rest of the speech, she tuned him out and planned counter-arguments to throw at him during the question-and-answer period. What listening mistake is she making?
failing to control emotions
Ned is trying hard to pull up his grades in a class. When the instructor lectures, he furiously writes down virtually every word that is said. Which listening mistake is Ned making?
failing to take notes correctly
Labels on visual aids should be
horizontal
According to the text, results of polls often depend upon
how a question is asked.
An outline helps you to see the relationship between
ideas.
According to the text, brainstorming by a small group resulted in which successful product?
image-capture chips in digital cameras
The PREP (Position, Reason, Example, Position) template is recommended for __________________ speeches.
impromptu
Which method of delivery involves speaking on the spur of the moment with no chance to prepare?
impromptu
"To explain how thermometers work" is an example of a ______ written specific purpose.
incorrectly
The ______ loophole in copyright laws lets scholars, writers, and public speakers disseminate small amounts of information without having to get permission.
fair use
A eulogy should
focus on the significance of a person's life and deeds.
The note-taking system suggested by the text has three columns with headings for main ideas, support material, and
follow-up.
A spoken acknowledgment of the source of one's material is known as an oral
footnote.
One of the goals of informative speaking is to convey what kind of information?
fresh
A speaker who interviews a few members of an audience before a speech is
gaining a good sample of what the audience is like.
"To entertain" is an example of a
general purpose
According to research cited in the text, employees who multitask during business meetings may be
given extra work.
If you want to ask dog experts on the Internet about their experiences with electronic fences, your best strategy is to post a query via
groups and forums.
A speaker says, "I knew a red-headed kid in third grade who was always getting into fights on the playground. And I know two red heads who are easily angered. I guess you can say that red heads are quick-tempered people." The speaker is guilty of using which kind of fallacy in reasoning?
hasty generalization
The term used by the text to describe "a zesty, enthusiastic, lively feeling with a slight edge to it" is
positive nervousness.
It is _________________________ for an introduction to be too short.
possible
To avoid memory lapses during a speech,
prepare a card with key information on it
A speech designed to formally bestow an award of honor is known as a speech of
presentation.
During research, you can sometimes get key information from a book by using an online
preview.
Which one of the following options fails to serve as orienting material?
previewing the body of the speech
If you show the audience the prevalence of brain injuries among child athletes and then tell your listeners how to improve the situation, you are using which organizational pattern?
problem-solution
Which of these comments would be most helpful for an evaluator to make to a speaker?
"Try to speak in a conversational manner."
If you are part of a team and you review your notes while one of your team members is speaking to an audience, what signal are you sending to the audience?
"What is being said is not very important."
The text recommends which of the following wordings for an invitation to company employees?
"You and your guest are invited to the company picnic."
Which organizational pattern is especially popular in persuasive speeches?
problem-solution
"To inform my listeners how a guitar makes music" is a specific purpose statement for which type of speech?
process
In brainstorming, you should
produce a flurry of ideas without any initial criticism
The technique whereby a visual is displayed one part at a time is known as
progressive revelation.
Which one of the following is not listed by the text as part of overall speech design?
question-and-answer period
In a team presentation, the text says, the most important part is the
question-and-answer period.
Informing the audience of your qualifications to speak on a topic is
recommended to build credibility.
For visual aids, the safest text color for all audience members (including color-blind people) is black on a light background with the color _______ for emphasis.
red
Which type of logical fallacy diverts listeners from the real issue to an unrelated matter?
red herring
If listeners are already favorable toward your ideas, your task is to
reinforce your listeners' positive views.
If you make changes in copyrighted material, the material
retains its copyright status.
The technique of changing one's behavior by performing scenarios and receiving critiques is called
role play.
According to the text, we should eliminate hidden purposes that
sabotage our true goal.
A speaker who blames doctors for the rise in lung cancer deaths is engaging in
scapegoating.
In Maslow's hierarchy, the human need to help others falls into the _______________ category of needs.
self-actualization
In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the highest level of needs is
self-actualization.
The safest kind of joke is
self-deprecating
In planning the body of the speech, the text recommends that you spread out your ideas on a table top or a computer screen and experiment with different
sequences.
For a presentation, which approach do most international audiences prefer?
serious
A group called "Mothers for Honest Government" issues a report on campaign financing. A researcher
should find out who is in the group and what motives it has.
Non-linear presentation software programs, such as Prezi, do not use
slides
Support materials _______________ prove a point.
sometimes
To persuade corporations and politicians to change their policies, online petitions have
sometimes had quick success.
Acting as if you are poised and confident
sometimes leads to actually becoming poised and confident
Hidden objectives in a speech
sometimes sabotage a speaker's primary goal
A speaker describes the safety features of a new car, starting at the front bumper and progressing to the rear bumper. Which organizational pattern is the speaker using?
spatial
In a speech on redwood trees, a speaker begins by discussing the roots, proceeds to the trunk, then the branches, and finally the leaves. Which organizational pattern is being used?
spatial
For an outline, which one of the following is unnecessary?
speaker's notes
The success of vivid images as support material depends upon the good use of
specific details.
If you explain the three factors that have contributed to a rise in asthma cases, you are using which organizational pattern?
statement-of-reasons
A speaker who says, "France is 212,000 square miles—roughly the size of Texas," is using
statistics.
Before you give a speech of introduction, you should coordinate your remarks with the speaker's. The primary reason for doing so is to avoid
stealing the speaker's material.
A speaker says, "People who favor gun control want to turn our society over to the criminals. Therefore, we must ignore these gun-control advocates." This speaker is guilty of using which kind of fallacy in reasoning?
straw man
A speaker says, "Scientists who perform operations on animals in laboratories are not interested in getting scientific knowledge—they enjoy inflicting suffering on animals. Therefore, we must stop the use of animals in experiments." This speaker is guilty of using which kind of fallacy in reasoning?
straw man NOT - either-or reasoning
It is legal to download an image from the Internet without asking for permission if the use of the image is limited to a
student speech in a college classroom.
The text quotes the old speechmaking formula, "Tell 'em what you're going to tell 'em. Tell 'em. Then tell 'em what you told 'em." The last sentence refers to the
summary
A series of brief speeches on a common topic is known as a
symposium.
A toast offered at a wedding should avoid
teasing.
If you fear that you will cry while telling a painful personal story in a speech, you should
tell the story after alerting the audience that you might cry.
Which one of the following is inappropriate for a best man's speech at a wedding celebration?
telling a joke about the groom's ex-girlfriend
A speaker says, "According to historian Barbara Tuchman, 'Every successful revolution puts on in time the robes of the tyrant it has deposed.'" This sentence illustrates the use of
testimony.
Which part of the speech does the text recommend that you create first?
the body
Main points are designed to help the audience understand and remember
the central idea
Which of the following should give the essence of your speech?
the central idea
Taking notes on a laptop computer during a speech is discouraged unless
the listener gets permission from the speaker beforehand.
If nonverbal communication contradicts verbal messages, listeners will accept _________________________ as the true message.
the nonverbal
Convincing your audience that democracy is expanding in China is an example of a speech
to influence thinking.
Ed's objective for his speech is to get listeners to stop a certain behavior. What is his general purpose?
to persuade
For a classroom speech, "prisons in America" would be a topic that is
too broad.
The specific purpose "to explain to my listeners the chemical composition of vegetable oils" is ______ for a classroom speech.
too technical
"Food-borne illnesses" is an example of a
topic.
A speaker discusses three types of work dogs. Which pattern is the speaker using?
topical
The part of a speech that links one section to another is known as a
transition.
An outline should include
transitions
An ancient Chinese proverb says, "I hear, and I forget. I see, and I remember. I do, and I
understand."
A public speaker who tries to eliminate all fear is pursuing a goal that is
undesirable
Which of the following can cause a speech to be dull?
unenthusiastic delivery
In an oral presentation, if you say, "I'm happy to speak to you today," but your facial expression shows unhappiness, your audience is most likely to assume that you are
unhappy about speaking.
For a speech on spiders, pulling tarantulas out of a box and letting them walk about would
upset some listeners and put them in an unreceptive mood.
The extemporaneous method of speaking involves
using notes.
"Uh" and "um" are examples of what the text calls
verbal fillers
To avoid mistakes in a speech, it is a good idea to ask someone to review it beforehand to ______ its accuracy.
verify
A vlog specializes in
video files
Which kind of liquid can be used for a toast in the United States and Canada, but should be avoided in some other cultures?
water
In which one of the following situations is the problem-solution pattern a bad choice?
when listeners already accept your solution
A speaker who asks listeners to turn off electronic devices is
wisely improving the odds that the audience will listen to the message.
"The secret of a successful team," says Dean Kamen, "is not to assemble the largest team possible, but rather to assemble a team that can
work well together."
An open-ended question on a questionnaire involves
writing out a sentence or paragraph
The main disadvantage of interlibrary loan is that
you cannot be certain of a book arriving quickly.
In a persuasive speech, you should reveal to the audience
your true goals and motives.
Which one of these channels for learning information is the strongest?
physical activity
Striving for perfection
places unnecessary pressure on yourself
In giving a speaker an evaluation of a speech, which should be presented first?
positive comments
In a speech, which is the best use of statistics?
"In the last election, more than 96 million Americans voted."
Which question is the major concern of the audience-centered speaker?
"Am I getting my message across to the listeners?"
Sites at which Internet domain tend to be the least objective?
.com
The term percent means "out of
100."
Speeches at the world-famous TED conferences must be delivered in no more than ______ minutes.
18
A book or magazine published before _____ is no longer protected by copyright and may be reproduced and distributed by anyone without violating the law.
1923
A speech of introduction should be kept under _______ minutes.
3
Ten minutes after listening to a 10-minute oral presentation, the average person understands and retains ____ % of the information.
50
For a pie graph in a speech, the text recommends no more than _______ wedges.
8
Regarding a speaker's credibility with an audience, which one of the following statements is true?
A speaker is better off using no visual aids at all than poor quality ones.
Which of the following recommendations was mentioned in the text as a way to manage nervousness?
Act as if you are already poised and confident.
Which one of the following statements is true?
All main points need supporting materials.
When you are a speaker, which of the following is the key question to constantly ask yourself?
Am I getting through to my listeners?
According to the text, whether you succeed in persuasion often comes down to which of the following key questions?
Are you trustworthy?
What is the first step in the reflective-thinking method?
Define the problem.
An inspirational speech is often similar to ______ speech.
a persuasive
Which one of the following is incorrect grammatically?
I have already took algebra.
Which of the following shows a parallel grammatical form?
If you are trapped outdoors in a thunderstorm, avoid being the tallest object in a field, stay away from poles and fences, and do not touch any metal.
A few audience members are rudely chatting among themselves during your speech, distracting other listeners. Which one of the following solutions is unacceptable?
Ignore the talkers.
Which of the following does the text recommend as a way to release tension?
Inhale and exhale slowly.
Jack Smith works hard on a committee preparing a plan for action. At the sixth meeting, he finds out that the committee can only advise; it does not have the power to take action. Jack is distraught because he feels that much of his work has been in vain. Whose fault is it that Jack has labored under a misconception?
It is the group leader's fault for not making clear the scope of the group's power.
In what country do listeners sometimes close their eyes to show respect for the speaker's ideas?
Japan
The most common form of color-blindness is
NOT - red/green.
In a persuasive speech, conceding that your ideas do not work in all cases ______ your credibility.
NOT - undermines
For hard-to-find information, use
Several different search engines
Concerning a complete-sentence outline and the speech itself, which one of the following statements is true?
The speech itself should have more words than the outline.
Which one of the following is incorrect grammatically?
This news is just between you and I.
"A tornado's funnel is like the vortex you see when you let water go down a drain." This is an example of which principle?
Use the familiar to explain the unfamiliar.
A taboo is
a prohibition.
In most libraries, the person who is best able to help you with your research is called ______ librarian.
a reference
In a survey of American attitudes, the American Jewish Committee found that a large number of respondents had a low opinion of
Wisians.
Which one of the following can be reprinted without getting permission?
a U.S. Department of Agriculture booklet on how to raise bees
A speaker's clothes should be ______ the listeners' clothes.
a bit dressier than
A speaker says, "Now that we have looked at the problem, let's turn our attention to the solution." Which device is the speaker using?
a bridge
According to research, which is the more persuasive type of evidence?
a clear, vivid personal example NOT - an abundance of statistical data
"Blind as a bat" is an example of
a cliché.
"Last, but not least" is an example of
a cliché.
Issuing an appeal or a challenge at the end of a speech is an example of
a clincher.
"What percentage of registered voters actually voted in the last presidential election?" is an example of ______ question.
a closed
"Jazz is a form of American music that grew out of African-American musical traditions." This sentence is
a definition.
Reading a script is not recommended for most speeches, but it may be acceptable for
a eulogy.
When politicians raise taxes, but call their action "revenue enhancement," they are using
a euphemism.
Meetings are sometimes sabotaged by participants who have
a hidden agenda.
A speaker wants to persuade an audience to stop engaging in unhealthy behavior. Which level of fear is most effective in accomplishing this objective?
a high level of fear
To introduce a speech filled with humor, what kind of speech of introduction would be appropriate?
a humorous speech of introduction to set a light tone
Which one of the following is an acceptable option in an introduction?
a hypothetical narrative
A DVD about your speech topic, given to listeners at the end of your speech, is an example of what the book calls
a leave-behind.
The stars are diamonds in the sky. This is an example of
a metaphor.
"After you open a can of worms, they always come home to roost." This is an example of
a mixed metaphor.
In a speech, which one of the following is a mistake if used in the conclusion?
a new main point
"Czech It Out! Why You Should Visit Prague" is an ______________ title for a speech.
acceptable
"Ouch! How to Treat a Bee Sting" is an ______________ title for a speech.
acceptable
It is ______ for a persuasive speech to include sections that seem identical to sections of an informative speech.
acceptable
The text says that interviewing an expert via e-mail is an ______ method.
acceptable
The final step in the motivated sequence is
action
If you as a speaker do not know the answer to a listener's question, you should
admit that you do not know the answer.
For a speech, the best time to distribute a five-page handout is
after you finish speaking.
"The sad sister sat on a silver seat" is an example of
alliteration.
Friendship is ______ word.
an abstract
Honesty is ______ word.
an abstract
"Punctuation marks are like traffic signs." This sentence is
an analogy.
For the first few sentences in a speech, which one of the following options would be a mistake?
an announcement of the topic
To confront listeners who are immersed in their electronic devices, speakers are advised by the text to try using _________ to capture audience interest.
an attention-getting introduction
A spine-tingling tale of adventure would be most appropriate for which kind of speech?
an entertaining speech
In career speeches, a few words spoken before your attention material is called
an icebreaker.
A verb form beginning with "to" is called
an infinitive.
A speaker says, "So far, we have seen that carelessness is the main cause for industrial accidents." Which device is the speaker using?
an internal summary
In research, which of the following resources is likeliest to yield the most up-to-date information?
an interview with an expert
A conclusion or judgment that remains open to dispute but seems true to one's own mind is
an opinion.
A speaker says, "In the latest issue of American Health, Dr. Emily Sanchez says that ..." This is an example of
an oral footnote.
"They don't care about people, but they do care about possessions." This sentence contains
antithesis.
If, during a speech, your mind goes blank and you forget where you are in the speech, the text recommends that you
ask the audience, "Where was I?"
Meetings should always begin
at the designated time
To encourage listeners to call the Red Cross to volunteer for blood donation, you should try to get them to use their cell phones
at the end of the speech.
A speaker says, "Jackson says he believes that there is intelligent life on some other planet in the universe, but how can you believe him? He's not an astronomer; in fact, he is not a scientist at all. The only degree he has is a master's in business administration." This speaker is guilty of using which kind of fallacy in reasoning?
attack on a person
A speaker says, "There is no need for me to refute Senator Smith's ideas about regulating professional baseball. Senator Smith is unqualified to speak on baseball because he has never played any sport on the high school, collegiate, or professional level." This speaker is guilty of using which type of fallacy in reasoning?
attack on a person
In a meeting, the group leader should forbid
attacks on people or ideas
The first step in the motivated sequence is
attention
Telling a story, asking a question, and using a visual aid are examples of
attention material.
The speech of introduction should give
background information about the speaker.
"Everyone is drinking strawberry lemonade for good health, and so should you." This is an example of which type of logical fallacy?
bandwagon
Which type of logical fallacy asserts an argument that is based on popularity rather than on evidence and reasoning?
bandwagon
When you are a participant in a panel discussion, you should ______ your position.
be willing to alter
Reading background material on a speaker's topic is something the listener should do ______ the speech.
before
In an outline, it would be unnecessary to insert a transition in which of the following places?
between the conclusion and documentation
If you are speaking in front of a camera in a video production, you should avoid wearing which color?
black
An outline for a speech is like a
blueprint of a house.
Most attorneys believe that courtroom battles are won because of the effectiveness of
both the opening statement and the closing argument.
You can signal the end of a speech with ______ signals.
both verbal and nonverbal
When no time limit is set for a speech, the speaker should talk
briefly
"Because Germans are the smartest engineers in the world, you should buy a German-made car." This speaker is guilty of using what kind of fallacy in reasoning?
building on an unproven assumption
If listeners expect a well-known comedian to speak about humor, but she speaks on modern art, they will probably be
disappointed in her choice.
If your multimedia projector stops working during a PowerPoint presentation, your best option is to
distribute paper copies of the slides and continue your presentation.
Explaining Adolf Hitler's identity to a college audience
can be carried out indirectly, without insulting anyone's intelligence.
One disadvantage of using a full sheet of paper for speaking notes is that a sheet
can cause a speaker's eyes to glide over key points.
The cause-effect pattern of organization
can explain either causes or effects first
"Air fresheners, candles, and incense can contain organic compounds that cause health problems for some people." This is an example of a
central idea.
The most important task in a speech is to communicate the
central idea.
The part of a speech that you want your listeners to remember if they forget everything else is known as the
central idea.
A loudspeaker is an example of a
channel
For a speech on the history of a Native American family in Arizona, which organizational pattern would you be most likely to choose?
chronological
Which type of speech rarely needs visual aids?
church sermons
The formats of MLA and APA are designed to help you to
cite sources
It is legal to download multimedia files from the Internet if they are to be used in
classroom speeches.
Public speakers should regard their task as
communication only.
If you are asked to speak impromptu in five minutes, the first thing you should do is decide your
conclusion.
The emotional meaning attached to a word is its
connotation
"Sleet is harsh and icy, whereas snow is soft and fluffy" is an example of a
contrast.
Posters are often preferred to PowerPoint slides in
courtrooms
In considering whether and how to use PowerPoint slides, your first step is to
create the outline for your speech.
The text says that grammatical errors in a speech distract the audience and can cause the speaker to lose
credibility with the audience.
Which one of the following is on the textbook's list of criteria for trustworthy information?
current
If you practice your speech and find that you are two minutes over the time limit, you should
cut out material in your outline and speaking notes.
Testimonials should be handled with care because they
do not constitute proof.
Reasoning that moves from a generalization to a specific conclusion is ______ reasoning.
deductive NOT - inductive
"To explain to my listeners the meaning of feminism in modern America" is a specific purpose statement for which type of speech?
definition
For speaker's notes, the text recommends that _____________ be written in large letters and contrasting colors.
delivery reminders
An important dimension of inspirational speaking is
delivery.
A dictionary definition of a word is its
denotation
"To tell my audience about the life of Florence Nightingale" is a specific purpose statement for which type of speech?
description
The three most popular types of speeches are informative, entertaining, and
persuasive.
A good time to use a topic outline is during the
early stages of preparation, when you are brainstorming and putting down your ideas.
In the famous Coca-Cola fiasco involving "New Coke" in the 1980s, the soft drink maker erred by choosing a solution that was ______________ but wrong.
easy
A speech of tribute praises which type of person?
either a dead or living person
In a bar graph, the bars should be
either horizontal or vertical
The visualization step of the motivated sequence offers a scenario that is
either positive or negative.
A speaker says, "We must adopt a vegetarian diet, or we will all die of cancer." This speaker is guilty of using which fallacy in reasoning?
either-or reasoning
A speaker says, "We must change to the metric system or we will fall behind the rest of the world in science and industry." This speaker is guilty of using which kind of fallacy in reasoning?
either-or reasoning
Which kind of speech would you be most likely to deliver to an evening banquet?
entertaining
A group spends all its time on minor issues and never gets around to the major issues. The group would best solve the problem by
establishing and following an agenda.
The belief that one's own cultural group is superior to other groups is known as
ethnocentrism
A headache causes which type of distraction?
physical
A pediatrician sees five children in her office one winter morning. Because all five have symptoms of influenza, the pediatrician concludes that her community is experiencing an influenza epidemic. The pediatrician has used ______ reasoning.
inductive
A speech recounting the history of the attack on Pearl Harbor would be which type of speech?
informative
According to the text, a sudden bolt of panic can hit speakers who
initially feel no fear.
A coach giving a pep talk to her team is delivering which type of speech?
inspirational
The goal of using examples, stories, and visual aids is to make your information
interesting
In the speech communication process, anything that blocks or hinders the communication of a message is called
interference.
A key objective of a ______ speech is to get the speaker and audience interested in each other.
introduction
When practicing your speech, devote extra time to the
introduction
The greatest amount of anxiety in a speech is usually experienced during the
introduction.
According to the text, shyness
is a characteristic of some successful people in show business
A speaker says, "It is easy to quit smoking. I have done so a thousand times." This is an example of what the text calls __________ humor.
low-key
Writing complete sentences in your outline will
make it easier for another person to help you than if you write phrases.
Which method of delivery is a person most likely to use in delivering a paper at a scientific conference?
manuscript
The text says that for interviewing experts, social networks like Facebook
may be helpful.
Imagine five people of the following ages: 32, 28, 20, 18, and 17. The 20-year-old has the __________ age.
median
Imagine five people of the following ages: 45, 37, 26, 20, and 18. The 26-year-old has the __________ age.
median
For a speech, your own personal experiences and observations
might provide valuable material that can be used in a speech.
The text quotes Keith Davis as saying, "Hearing is with the ears; listening is with the
mind."
A document that summarizes what transpired at a meeting is known as the
minutes.
A written record of the group's activities during a meeting is called the
minutes. NOT - agenda.
"The Indonesians have a tough row to hoe to keep their economic heads above water." This is an example of a
mixed metaphor.
In an agenda, items should be ordered from ______ important.
most important to least
In a speech of introduction, you should use the
name the speaker prefers.
In the motivated sequence, the second step is
need.
The Internet address "www.etw.org" indicates a
non-profit entity.
During a presentation, you should _____________ look at your visual aids.
occasionally
To convince listeners to reject the idea that tornadoes are incapable of striking large cities. This is an example of a specific purpose statement for a speech
of refutation.
A good persuasive speech __________ contains sections that look like sections of an informative speech.
often
Persuasion in one's career
often requires weeks, months, or even years.
For your speaking notes on a piece of paper or note card, you should write on
only one side.
Skepticism, as defined by the text, is equivalent to
open-minded inquiry.
When hiring, employers are most likely to be influenced by an applicant's
oral communication skills (speaking and listening).
The best place to reassure your listeners that you are well-prepared and that you are not going to waste their time is in the ______ material.
orienting
A speaker says, "Please raise your hands to answer this: How many of you know how to swim?" What kind of question is this speaker using?
overt-response
"We want justice for ourselves, for our friends, and for our children." This is an example of
parallel structure.
"This is a government by the people, of the people, and for the people." This is an example of
parallel structure. NOT - a metaphor.
The best way to indicate that you have finished with a quotation is to
pause as an "oral" punctuation device.
The statistical device that identifies a portion of 100 is called the
percentage.
