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Block grants

federal grants-in-aid that allow states considerable discretion in how the funds are spent

Reappointment

A process done every 10 years by Congress that divides the number of representatives in the House amongst the states in an effort to make districts have equal populations

United States v. Lopez

Congress had exceeded its commerce clause power by prohibiting guns in a school zone diminishes roles of federal government

14th Amendment

Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws Civil liberties and Civil rights Equal establishment clause

Grant-In-Aid

Federal fund and resources provided to states and local government

categorical grants

Federal grants for specific purposes, such as building an airport.

Revenue Sharing

Federal tax revenue granted to states.local gov with limited restrictions on spendinge

McCulloch v. Maryland

Maryland was trying to tax the national bank and Supreme Court ruled that federal law was stronger than the state law Necessary and Proper Clause

enumerated powers

Powers given to the national government alone

reserved powers

Powers given to the state government alone

10th Amendment

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. Broad powers to the state level

Mandates

federal requirements applied to states and local governments. unfunded mandates immerse federal requirements at state/local expense (if don't follow mandates, can be sued or exempt from government funding.)

Implied Poweres

powers not explicitly listed in the Constitution but necessary for the government to do its job

concurent powers

powers shared by both the federal and state governmets

Redistricting

redrawing of congressional district boundaries by the party in power of the state legislature