PY201.1468 Chapter 2 Reading

Professor Devine and her colleagues are interested in assessing whether active versus passive play causes a preference for sweet or salty foods in toddlers. They assign groups of children to either an active play, passive play, or no play group and record their food choices when presented with a variety of sweet and salty foods. In this study, ________ is the independent variable and ________ is the control group. A) Active; passive play B) No play; type of play C) Type of play; no play D) Food choice; no play

B) No play; type of play

________ is a reduction in the number of research participants as some drop out of the study over time. A) generalizability B) attrition C) single blinding D) experimenter bias

B) attrition

A(n) ________ is a description of how the researchers will measure the variables of interest. A) hypothesis B) operational definition C) theory D) experimental plan

B) operational definition

In a ________ study, both the researchers and the participants are unaware of the group assignments. A) Pilot B) Randomly assigned C) Double-blind D) single-blind

C) Double-blind

________ (IRB) reviews research that is involves the use of human participants. A) Institutional Research Board B) Institutional Research Bureau C) Institutional Review Board D) Institutional Review Bureau

C) Institutional Review Board

A group of preschool-age children are enrolled in a study that plans to follow them over time in order to assess behaviors and other characteristics that may predict later development of schizophrenia. This is an example of a(n) ________ design. A) Survey B) Experimental C) Longitudinal D) Cross sectional

C) Longitudinal

________ is/are often conducted with large numbers of participants and can even be conducted by phone, email, or mail. A) University experiments B) Archival research C) Surveys D) Case studies

C) Surveys

A(n) ________ is a well-developed set of ideas that proposes an explanation for observed phenomena. A) Operational definition B) Hypothesis C) Theory D) conclusion

C) Theory

Studies that cannot ethically be conducted as experiments with typical human participants ________. A) can only be examined using a descriptive or correlational approach B) are used to form strong opinions that are logical and intuitive C) can sometimes be tested with animal studies D) are not possible to test with any form of empirical methods

C) can sometimes be tested with animal studies

A(n) ________ is conducted in order to determine whether there are meaningful differences between two groups in a study. A) validity assessment B) scatter plot C) statistical analysis D) correlation coefficient

C) statistical analysis

An upper-level psychology class is conducting an experiment on racial prejudice that involves having participants rate the likeability of faces in a set of photos. However, they tell participants that the study is about the effects of aging on likeability. When participants are finished, they are thanked for their time and leave the experiment. In this example, the class forgot to ________ in order to resolve the ________ in the study. A) Debrief participants; ageist attitudes B) Pay participants; deception C) Pay participants; use of personal photos D) Debrief participants; deception

D) Debrief participants; deception

Which of the following research designs will allow cause-and-effect conclusions? A) Correlational studies B) Archival research C) Quasi-experimental D) Experimental

D) Experimental

Which correlation coefficient best represents a moderate relationship showing fewer anxiety symptoms in people who report higher life satisfaction? A) -0.53 B) +0.78 C) -0.21 D) +0.13

A) -0.53

The first woman to earn the PhD degree in psychology was ________. A) Margaret Floy Washburn B) Inez Prosser C) Mary Whilton Calkins D) Mamie Clark

A) Margaret Floy Washburn

In order to maximize the chances that experimental groups represent the population of interest, researchers should conduct ________ and ________. A) Random sampling; random group assignment B) Blind group assignment; random sampling C) Blind sampling; random group assignment D) Blind group assignment; blind sampling

A) Random sampling; random group assignment

Simplicity of conducting the study is to ________ as ability to test large numbers of participants is to ________. A) archival research; surveys B) experiments; surveys C) archival research; naturalistic observation D) case studies; naturalistic observation

A) archival research; surveys

The scientific process is ________, involving both inductive and deductive reasoning. A) circular B) correlational C) iterative D) iatrogenic

A) circular

Research shows that people who smoke cigarettes are more likely to get lung cancer than those who do not smoke. This research alone demonstrates that ________. A) there is a relationship between smoking and lung cancer B) there is a predisposition toward both smoking and lung cancer C) smoking contributes to lung cancer D) smoking causes lung cancer

A) there is a relationship between smoking and lung cancer

A group of researchers investigated the effects of two vocabulary learning strategies on word retention two weeks later. In this example, learning strategy is the ________ variable and word retention is the ________ variable. A) Experimental; control B) Dependent; independent C) Control; experimental D) Independent; dependent

D) Independent; dependent

In order to assess whether viewpoints on decriminalization of marijuana for medical purposes change with age, four groups of participants, ages 20, 30, 40, and 50, are asked whether they support this issue. What is one flaw of this design? A) Recruitment could be a challenge because people of different ages are difficult to sample. B) Marijuana has already been decriminalized in some places. C) Longitudinal research is time consuming. D) Social or cultural factors may influence the results, not age.

D) Social or cultural factors may influence the results, not age.

This organization, one of the largest professional groups of psychologists in the world, was founded in 1892. A) The American Psychological Society B) The National Institute of Mental Health C) The Centers of Disease Control D) The American Psychological Association

D) The American Psychological Association

Krista and Tatiana Hogan are participants in a(n) ________ of conjoined twins who are joined at the head. A) Experiment B) survey C) naturalistic observation D) case study

D) case study

What kind of research is Saanvi conducting if she tracks a group of participants over several years, assessing them on her variable of interest once every six months? A) correlational B) sequential C) cross-sectional D) longitudinal

D) longitudinal

A negative correlation means ________. A) two variables increase together, but they are associated with an undesirable outcome B) there is a relationship between two variables, but it is not statistically significant C) a third variable eliminates a correlational relationship D) one variable decreases as the increases

D) one variable decreases as the increases