10.1-10.3 Islam

Al-Kwarizmi, a mathematician born in Baghdad, developed: A. Algebra B. Geometry C. Trigonometry D. Calculus

A

762: murder Umayyads at a dinner party and come to power

Abbasids

First Caliph

Abu-Bakr (had a quarrel with Muhammad's nephew because people thought only relations to Muhammad should be Caliphs)

Tenet of Islam: Revalations

Allah->Gabriel->Muhammed->People->Qur'an

Tenet of Islam: Arabic

Arabic is the only true word of God (This is important so they can all communicate)

How were conquered Christians and Jews treated by the Muslim Empire? A. Forced to convert to Islam B. Tolerated, but restrictions and taxes imposed C. Treated equally D. Considered first class citizens if converted to Islam

B

Desert dwelling people

Bedouins

Two empires defeated by Muslim armies

Byzantine and Sassanid

During Ramadan, Muslims are NOT allowed to A. Eat any meat at any time B. Eat any fish at any time C. Eat any food while the sun is up D. Eat any food after the sun goes down E. Take multiple choice tests

C

631: Muhammed dies. Successor to Muhammad is called

Caliph

Second of the 4 social classes

Converts (to islam)

Muhammad did all of the following EXCEPT: A. Lead 10,000 followers to the outskirts of Mecca B. Destroy all the idols in the Ka'aba C. Enter an agreement with the Jewish people in Medina D. Reject monotheism E. Convince people to convert to his religion

D

Which of the following is NOT a tenet of Islam? A. praying five times a day while facing Mecca B. Going on hajj (pilgrimage) to Mecca C. Giving alms to the less fortunate D. Learning the Qur'an in at least two different languages E. Fasting during RAmadan

D

Which of the following is NOT true of Muhammad? A. He is believed by Muslims to be the last and greatest of the prophets B. He worked for some time as a merchant and trader C. He was married to a woman named Khadija D. He was disliked by Jews in Medina

D

Abbasids move capital from __________to_________ (because)

Damascus to Baghdad (on key trade routes)

Which of the following is listed in the correct order (from longest ago to most recent) A. Umayyads, Abbasids, Four Caliphs B. Umayyads, Four Caliphs, Abbasids C. Abbasids, Umayyads, Four Caliphs E. Four Caliphs, Abbasids, Umayyads F. Four Caliphs, Umayyads, Abbasids

F

True or False: Muslim women had fewer economic and property rights than European, Indian, and Chinese women of the same period

False

True or False: Shari'a law calls on Muslim leaders to extend religious tolerance to Jews and Christians

False

True or False: The Hijrah refers to Muhammad's journey to Mecca

False

True or False: There were no slaves in Islamic society

False

True or False: Muhammad believed that his wife, Khadijah, was inferior to him and that her proper place was in the kitchen

False (he actually worked under her in her merchant business)

622: Muhammad leaves Mecca and goes 200 miles north to Yathrib (now Medina) This is called the ______

Hijrah

By 750: Muslim empire stretches 6,000 miles from _________ to __________

Indus River to Atlantic Ocean

Submission to Allah's will

Islam

Holy war or armed struggle against non-believers (sometimes inner struggle against doubt) Invoked by Abu-Bakr

Jihad

A religious house in Mecca that held idols (destroyed by Muhammed and his army)

Ka'aba

613: Muhammad preaches in _______ reception is somewhat cold (Think about why)

Mecca

In ______, Muhammed is a leader and unites his group of arabs and jews living there.

Medina (Yathrib)

Third of the 4 social classes

Monotheists

Women's rights

More than other cultures (still expected to do what a man says)

Hears Gabriel in cave who says: _______ is last prophet and Allah (God) is the only god

Muhammad

First of the four classes

Muslim at birth

Tenet of Islam: Existance of God

One god: Allah

House of Wisdom was used for

Record keeping, calligraphy, algebra (al-khwarizmi), medicine (al-razi), astronomy (al-haytham)

Letter of credit used by bankers and traders

Sakk

Body of law (reflects Qur'an)

Shariah (Reuires tolerance of Christians + Jews, who agree that there is one God but disagrees about who the best prophet was)

Which branch of Islam believes that only a descendant of Muhammad should be caliph?

Shi'a

Reject Umayyads: a leader must be from Muhammed

Shi'a (83%)

Fourth of the 4 social classes

Slaves/Prisoners of war

Tenet of Islam: Five pillars

Statement of Faith, Prayer (5 times a day), Alms (money to the poor), Fasting (Ramadan: one month), Pilgrimage (hajj to Mecca)

Everyone cares too much about power

Sufi (1%)

Which of the following is most likely to accept an Umayyad as his leader? A. Sunni B. Shi'a C. Sufi

Sunni

Accept Umayyads as long as ideas are good, bloodline is unimportant

Sunni (16%)

In the early 800s in Baghdad, Caliph al-Ma'mun opened a library, academy, and translation center called

The House of Wisdom

True or False: By 750, the Muslim Empire stretched 6,000 miles from the Atlantic to the Indus River

True

True or False: in order to obtain a divorce, a Muslim man could simply say "I dismiss thee" three times and then wait three months

True

True or False: most of the Arabian Peninsula is desert

True

661: 4th Caliph Ali is assassinated and who comes to power?

Ummayyads

Abbasids build strong bureaucracy by taxing

non-muslims

750 to 1258: what is used in place of class money

trade checks (sakks)