10.1-10.3 Islam
Al-Kwarizmi, a mathematician born in Baghdad, developed: A. Algebra B. Geometry C. Trigonometry D. Calculus
A
762: murder Umayyads at a dinner party and come to power
Abbasids
First Caliph
Abu-Bakr (had a quarrel with Muhammad's nephew because people thought only relations to Muhammad should be Caliphs)
Tenet of Islam: Revalations
Allah->Gabriel->Muhammed->People->Qur'an
Tenet of Islam: Arabic
Arabic is the only true word of God (This is important so they can all communicate)
How were conquered Christians and Jews treated by the Muslim Empire? A. Forced to convert to Islam B. Tolerated, but restrictions and taxes imposed C. Treated equally D. Considered first class citizens if converted to Islam
B
Desert dwelling people
Bedouins
Two empires defeated by Muslim armies
Byzantine and Sassanid
During Ramadan, Muslims are NOT allowed to A. Eat any meat at any time B. Eat any fish at any time C. Eat any food while the sun is up D. Eat any food after the sun goes down E. Take multiple choice tests
C
631: Muhammed dies. Successor to Muhammad is called
Caliph
Second of the 4 social classes
Converts (to islam)
Muhammad did all of the following EXCEPT: A. Lead 10,000 followers to the outskirts of Mecca B. Destroy all the idols in the Ka'aba C. Enter an agreement with the Jewish people in Medina D. Reject monotheism E. Convince people to convert to his religion
D
Which of the following is NOT a tenet of Islam? A. praying five times a day while facing Mecca B. Going on hajj (pilgrimage) to Mecca C. Giving alms to the less fortunate D. Learning the Qur'an in at least two different languages E. Fasting during RAmadan
D
Which of the following is NOT true of Muhammad? A. He is believed by Muslims to be the last and greatest of the prophets B. He worked for some time as a merchant and trader C. He was married to a woman named Khadija D. He was disliked by Jews in Medina
D
Abbasids move capital from __________to_________ (because)
Damascus to Baghdad (on key trade routes)
Which of the following is listed in the correct order (from longest ago to most recent) A. Umayyads, Abbasids, Four Caliphs B. Umayyads, Four Caliphs, Abbasids C. Abbasids, Umayyads, Four Caliphs E. Four Caliphs, Abbasids, Umayyads F. Four Caliphs, Umayyads, Abbasids
F
True or False: Muslim women had fewer economic and property rights than European, Indian, and Chinese women of the same period
False
True or False: Shari'a law calls on Muslim leaders to extend religious tolerance to Jews and Christians
False
True or False: The Hijrah refers to Muhammad's journey to Mecca
False
True or False: There were no slaves in Islamic society
False
True or False: Muhammad believed that his wife, Khadijah, was inferior to him and that her proper place was in the kitchen
False (he actually worked under her in her merchant business)
622: Muhammad leaves Mecca and goes 200 miles north to Yathrib (now Medina) This is called the ______
Hijrah
By 750: Muslim empire stretches 6,000 miles from _________ to __________
Indus River to Atlantic Ocean
Submission to Allah's will
Islam
Holy war or armed struggle against non-believers (sometimes inner struggle against doubt) Invoked by Abu-Bakr
Jihad
A religious house in Mecca that held idols (destroyed by Muhammed and his army)
Ka'aba
613: Muhammad preaches in _______ reception is somewhat cold (Think about why)
Mecca
In ______, Muhammed is a leader and unites his group of arabs and jews living there.
Medina (Yathrib)
Third of the 4 social classes
Monotheists
Women's rights
More than other cultures (still expected to do what a man says)
Hears Gabriel in cave who says: _______ is last prophet and Allah (God) is the only god
Muhammad
First of the four classes
Muslim at birth
Tenet of Islam: Existance of God
One god: Allah
House of Wisdom was used for
Record keeping, calligraphy, algebra (al-khwarizmi), medicine (al-razi), astronomy (al-haytham)
Letter of credit used by bankers and traders
Sakk
Body of law (reflects Qur'an)
Shariah (Reuires tolerance of Christians + Jews, who agree that there is one God but disagrees about who the best prophet was)
Which branch of Islam believes that only a descendant of Muhammad should be caliph?
Shi'a
Reject Umayyads: a leader must be from Muhammed
Shi'a (83%)
Fourth of the 4 social classes
Slaves/Prisoners of war
Tenet of Islam: Five pillars
Statement of Faith, Prayer (5 times a day), Alms (money to the poor), Fasting (Ramadan: one month), Pilgrimage (hajj to Mecca)
Everyone cares too much about power
Sufi (1%)
Which of the following is most likely to accept an Umayyad as his leader? A. Sunni B. Shi'a C. Sufi
Sunni
Accept Umayyads as long as ideas are good, bloodline is unimportant
Sunni (16%)
In the early 800s in Baghdad, Caliph al-Ma'mun opened a library, academy, and translation center called
The House of Wisdom
True or False: By 750, the Muslim Empire stretched 6,000 miles from the Atlantic to the Indus River
True
True or False: in order to obtain a divorce, a Muslim man could simply say "I dismiss thee" three times and then wait three months
True
True or False: most of the Arabian Peninsula is desert
True
661: 4th Caliph Ali is assassinated and who comes to power?
Ummayyads
Abbasids build strong bureaucracy by taxing
non-muslims
750 to 1258: what is used in place of class money
trade checks (sakks)
