pysc chpt 4

A recent study revealed that sensitive maternal responding was linked to:

infant attachment security.

According to Mary Ainsworth, a(n) _____ infant avoids the mother or is ambivalent toward her, fears strangers, and is upset by minor, everyday separations.

insecurely attached

Infants show _____ when they are in familiar settings.

less stranger anxiety

Which of the following BEST exemplifies the difference between how mothers and fathers interact with their children?

Fathers are more physical with their children.

Which of the following emotions is expressed by infants in the first six months of life?

Fear

_____ involves individual differences in behavioral styles, emotions, and characteristic ways of responding.

Temperament

Babies have three types of cries. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

The hunger cry

The most frequent expression of an infant's fear involves:

stranger anxiety

"Easy", "difficult", and "slow-to-warm-up" are three basic types of _____ identified by psychiatrists Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas.

temperament

According to Freud, infants become attached to the person or object:

that provides oral satisfaction.

What is the term used to describe "reading" emotional cues in others to help determine how to act in a particular situation?

Social referencing

According to psychiatrists Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas, a(n) _____ child reacts negatively and cries frequently, engages in irregular daily routines, and is slow to accept change.

difficult

Caregivers of _____ babies often neglect or physically abuse them.

disorganized

According to psychiatrists Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas, a(n) _____ child is generally in a positive mood, quickly establishes regular routines in infancy, and adapts easily to new experiences.

easy

According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, how long does phase 1 last?

from birth to 2 months

In which of the following phases of Bowlby's model of attachment does attachment become focused on one figure, usually the primary caregiver?

phase 2

The interactions between parents and infants are described as _____ when all is going well.

reciprical

When one-month-old Mai is sleeping, it often looks like she is smiling. This is an example of a _____ smile.

reflexive

Fathers engage in more _____ than mothers do.

rough-and-tumble play

According to psychiatrists Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas, a(n) _____ child has a low activity level, is somewhat negative, and displays a low intensity of mood.

slow-to-warm-up