Pysch Exam Chapter 10
A bacterium and a virus are examples of: A) lymphocytes. B) antigens. C) lesions. D) collagen.
B
Teaching people to relax their muscles at will is a form of: A) behavioral medicine. B) relaxation training. C) biofeedback training. D) meditation.
B
Overabundance of _____ can lead to chronic inflammation throughout the body, contributing to heart disease, stroke, and other illnesses. A) norepinephrine B) corticosteroids C) cytokines D) collagen
B
The body's network of activities and cells that identify and destroy antigens and cancer cells is called the: A) immune system. B) autonomic nervous system. C) sympathetic nervous system. D) cardiovascular system.
A
Marcus often has a burning sensation or pain in his stomach after eating. He often experiences occasional vomiting. He may be suffering from: A) ulcers. B) muscle contraction. C) hypertension. D) asthma.
A
Dominic has difficulty falling asleep almost each night and once he finally does doze off, he awakens easily. Dominic is suffering from: A) insomnia. B) asthma. C) coronary artery disease. D) migraine headaches.
B
People in which group are MOST likely to experience a psychophysiological disorder? A) Non-Hispanic white Americans B) African Americans C) Hispanic American males D) Hispanic American females
D
Hypertension interferes with the proper functioning of the entire _____ system, greatly increasing the likelihood of stroke, heart disease, and kidney problems. A) cardiovascular B) immune C) neurologic D) cardiopulmonary
A
A risk factor for development of a psychophysiological disorder is: A) living in poverty. B) being employed in a white-collar field. C) having more than one child. D) living in a rural area.
A
According to the Social Readjustment Rating Scale, the most stressful event in an adult's life is: A) retirement. B) pregnancy. C) divorce. D) death of a spouse.
A
Research has found that if a person's life change credits (LCUs) total more than _____ over the course of a year, that individual is particularly likely to develop serious health problems. A) 100 LCUs B) 200 LCUs C) 300 LCUs D) 400 LCUs
B
If stress continues for an extended period of time, _____ give an inhibitory message to lymphocytes. A) collagen and cytokines B) cytokines and norepinephrine C) norepinephrine and corticosteroids D) cytokines and corticosteroids
C
In _____, people are connected to machinery that gives them continuous readings about their involuntary body activities. A) behavioral medicine B) relaxation training C) biofeedback training D) meditation
C
You are a therapist using self-instruction training. Your client now says, "When the pain comes, I just pause and keep focusing on what I need to do." This is an example of a: A) managing self-statement. B) negative self-statement. C) positive self-statement. D) coping self-statement.
C
____ experience greater stress than _____ in response to a major personal injury or illness, a major change in work responsibilities, or a major change in living conditions. A) Non-Hispanic white Americans; African Americans B) Non-Hispanic white Americans; Hispanic Americans C) African Americans; non-Hispanic white Americans D) Hispanic Americans; African Americans
C
Most people who have _____ were children or young teenagers at the time of the first attack. A) insomnia B) asthma C) muscle contractions D) migraine headaches
B
An expected finding in someone with illness anxiety disorder is: A) numerous somatic symptoms. B) delay in seeking treatment from a medical professional. C) physical symptoms that affect voluntary motor or sensory functioning. D) frequent checking of the body for signs of illness.
D
"It seems to me that people with illness anxiety disorder simply model what they see others doing." A person with which theoretical view would be MOST likely to make this statement? A) Psychodynamic B) Humanistic C) Biological D) Cognitive-behavioral
D
In the conversion symptom of _____, numbness begins at the wrist and extends evenly to the fingertips. A) glove anesthesia B) paraplegia C) somatization pattern D) Briquet's syndrome
A
Difficulty falling asleep or maintaining sleep is called: A) tension contractions. B) narcolepsy. C) irregular sleep pattern. D) insomnia.
B
Freud believed that "hysterical" symptoms: A) were rooted in the oral stage. B) enabled people to avoid unpleasant activities. C) reflected medical problems that needed medical, not psychological, treatment. D) were more common in men than women.
B
How likely is someone with undiagnosed conversion disorder to seek psychotherapy initially? A) Not likely at all; most people with conversion disorder seek psychotherapy as a last resort. B) Somewhat likely, but a small majority of people with conversion disorder still seek medical therapy first. C) Very likely; a majority of patients with conversion disorder are first evaluated by a psychologist. D) Extremely likely; the vast majority of patients with conversion disorder initially seek treatment from a psychologist.
B
Margo feels a lot of stress from home and has started drinking more than usual. If she develops a psychophysiological disorder it will be because of: A) biochemical activity. B) behavioral changes. C) personality style. D) social support.
B
_____ are white blood cells that circulate through the lymph system and bloodstream. A) Antigens B) Legions C) T-cells D) Lymphocytes
B
_____ has been of some help in the treatment of heartbeat irregularities, asthma, high blood pressure, stuttering, and pain. A) Behavioral medicine B) Relaxation training C) Biofeedback training D) Meditation
B
_____ identify antigens and then multiply and trigger the production of other kinds of immune cells. A) Helper T-cells B) Natural killer T-cells C) B-cells D) Antibodies
B
An increase in mass hysteria, in which large numbers of people share psychological or physical maladies that have no apparent cause, can be attributed to: A) social media. B) faking illnesses. C) overreacting. D) groupthink.
C
Every time Miguel had a headache, his mother let him miss school. Now, as an adult, his headaches have become more frequent. His head pounds any time he is required to do something he would rather not do. This is a _____ explanation of conversion symptoms. A) psychodynamic B) biological C) cognitive-behavioral D) cultural
C
Defects in the _____ system are thought to contribute to the development of psychophysiological disorders. A) immune B) autonomic nervous C) sympathetic nervous D) cardiovascular
D
Fungi are an example of: A) lymphocytes. B) antigens. C) allergens. D) T-cells.
D
Rowena had been terrified about testifying in court. One morning shortly before she was scheduled to appear, she awoke blind. In this example, Rowena is achieving: A) conditioning. B) primary gain. C) reinforcement. D) secondary gain.
D
Shana has been treated in multiple hospitals. She gains admission and receives treatment for symptoms she intentionally caused herself. This behavior BEST reflects: A) hypochondriasis. B) Munchausen syndrome. C) Briquet's syndrome. D) psychophysiological insomnia.
D
Insomnia and narcolepsy are examples of _____ disorders. A) sleep-wake B) fictitious C) illness anxiety D) conversion
A
Oversensitivity of the _____ can cause a person to respond to mildly stressful events as if they were significant events. A) cardiovascular system B) immune system C) autonomic nervous system D) vascular system
B
Who is MOST likely to experience a psychophysiological disorder? A) A non-Hispanic white American male B) An African American male C) A Hispanic American female D) A non-Hispanic white American female
B
Which system is the body's network of activities and cells that identify and destroy antigens and cancer cells? A) Immune system B) Autonomic nervous system C) Sympathetic nervous system D) Cardiovascular system
C
Who developed the Social Readjustment Rating Scale? A) Baron von Münchausen B) Ambroise-Auguste Liébault and Hippolyte Bernheim C) Holmes and Rahe D) Roger Bartrop and colleagues
C
_____ are equally helpful in the treatment of high blood pressure, headaches, and asthma. A) Relaxation training and biofeedback training B) Meditation and relaxation training C) Hypnosis and biofeedback training D) Meditation and biofeedback training
C
It's obvious that the patient observed friends who had symptoms of illness, then imitated those symptoms to get attention," says the therapist. This therapist MOST likely has which theoretical perspective? A) Cognitive-behavioral B) Psychodynamic C) Biological D) Humanistic
A
Somatic symptom disorders differ from conversion disorders in that conversion disorders: A) usually last less time. B) usually begin later in life. C) are more common in the United States. D) are more common in men.
A
Which is a foreign invader of the body? A) Lymphocyte B) Antigen C) Collagen D) Antibody
A
A therapist treating an individual with a conversion disorder works to reduce pleasurable outcomes associated with being sick, while increasing pleasurable outcomes associated with being well. This technique is called: A) confrontation. B) reinforcement. C) suggestion. D) posthypnotic suggestion.
B
Relaxation training focuses on control over: A) thoughts. B) muscles. C) circulation. D) oxygen intake.
B
Western health care professionals have only recently become aware of the effectiveness of _____ in relieving physical distress. A) behavioral medicine B) relaxation training C) biofeedback training D) meditation
C
Freud centered his explanation of hysterical disorders on the needs and conflicts experienced by _____ in the _____ stage. A) girls; genital B) boys; phallic C) girls; phallic D) boys; anal
D
Because of similarities in presentation, people with illness anxiety disorder often receive the same kinds of treatments used to address symptoms of: A) obsessive-compulsive disorder. B) depression. C) anorexia. D) bulimia.
A
Just before debuting at Carnegie Hall, a pianist suffered abrupt paralysis of her entire left hand. She has no known medical conditions that are associated with this symptom. This description MOST closely aligns with: A) conversion disorder. B) somatization disorder. C) pain disorder associated with psychological factors. D) factitious disorder.
A
_____ is a technique of turning one's concentration inward, achieving a slightly changed state of consciousness, and temporarily ignoring all stressors. A) Behavioral medicine B) Relaxation training C) Biofeedback training D) Meditation
A
_____ is the study of the connections between stress, the body's immune system, and illness. A) Psychoanalysis B) Behaviorism C) Psychoneuroimmunology D) Behavioral medicine
A
_____ seems to be particularly helpful in the control of pain. A) Hypnosis B) Relaxation training C) Biofeedback training D) Mindfulness meditation
A
If a man's behavior elicited kindness and sympathy from his wife when he was mute, he would be receiving _____ gains from his behavior. A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) no
B
The use of electrical signals from the body to train people to control physiological processes is called: A) behavioral medicine. B) relaxation training. C) biofeedback training. D) meditation.
B
Cal tends to fall asleep at the drop of a hat—while watching television, eating, and even driving. He would most likely be diagnosed with: A) insomnia disorder. B) hypersomnolence disorder. C) narcolepsy. D) circadian rhythm disorder.
D
If you looked in Leijla's medicine cabinet, you would find dozens of prescriptions and even more over-the-counter medications. Every time she sneezes, Leijla is sure she has the latest deadly flu, although no physician has ever found anything wrong with her. Leijla probably suffers from: A) conversion disorder. B) body dysmorphic disorder. C) Munchausen syndrome. D) somatic symptom disorder.
D
A goal of the Social Readjustment Rating Scale is to: A) measure the total amount of stress a person faces over a period of time. B) track cumulative stress levels in different professions. C) identify factors that reduce the effects of stress over time. D) determine severity levels to be included as part of a mental disorder diagnosis.
A
A person with hypertension would MOST likely: A) have shortness of breath. B) appear flushed and laboring to breathe. C) report concerns about excessive sweating. D) exhibit no outward signs of disease.
A
A shortcoming of Holmes and Rahe's Social Readjustment Rating Scale is that it: A) does not take into consideration the particular life-stress reactions of specific populations. B) is limited in the type of stressful event listed. C) does not take into consideration the unique stressors experienced by women. D) cannot be used to examine the relationship between stress and illness.
A
A symptom commonly associated with an ulcer is: A) a burning sensation in the stomach. B) a choking sensation. C) dizziness. D) excessive sweating.
A
A therapist treating a client with illness anxiety disorder repeatedly shows the client how the client's body is less than perfect, while not allowing the client to seek medical attention. MOST likely, the therapist's viewpoint is: A) cognitive-behavioral. B) psychodynamic. C) biological. D) sociocultural.
A
A woman complains of an assortment of physiological ailments. You think that she is intentionally producing the physical symptoms to appear sick, which fills some psychological need. If this is true, the appropriate diagnosis is: A) factitious disorder. B) conversion disorder. C) generalized anxiety disorder. D) psychophysical disorder.
A
A woman who is particularly threatened by any display of anger becomes unable to speak when she is most angry with her husband, thereby keeping the anger out of her awareness. According to psychodynamic theorists, she is achieving _____ from her illness. A) primary gain B) secondary gain C) tertiary gain D) no gain
A
About what percentage of Americans experience a somatization pattern of somatic symptom disorder in a given year? A) 4 percent B) 10 percent C) 25 percent D) 33 percent
A
Cognitive-behavioral theorists propose that the physical symptoms of hysterical disorders bring _____ to sufferers. A) emotional relief B) punishment C) escape D) rewards
A
Compared with a migraine headache, the pain associated with a muscle contraction headache is typically: A) less severe. B) equally severe. C) somewhat more severe. D) substantially more severe.
A
Dalia often sleepwalks and has frequent night terrors. She would most likely be diagnosed with: A) parasomnia disorder. B) hypersomnolence disorder. C) narcolepsy. D) circadian rhythm disorder.
A
Despite having clear economic disadvantages, the health of Hispanic Americans is, on average, at least as good as, and often better than, that of both non-Hispanic white Americans and African Americans. What is one theory that explains this paradox? A) There tend to be more hospitals in Hispanic American neighborhoods. B) Hispanic Americans face less life stressors compared to other ethnic groups. C) The strong family support common in Hispanic American culture increases health resilience among members of this culture. D) Hispanic Americans do not face racial discrimination and, therefore, are under less stress.
A
Elle gets extremely bad headaches just on one side of her head. When she gets them, she is dizzy and is nauseous and has even vomited. Which type of headaches is Elle MOST likely experiencing? A) Tension headaches B) Migraine headaches C) Chronic headaches D) Hypertension headaches
A
Having a background in medicine, but also a grudge against the profession, puts a person at risk for: A) a factitious disorder. B) body dysmorphic disorder. C) amnesia conversion disorder. D) somatic symptom disorder.
A
Intentionally feigning illness to achieve some external gain is described as: A) malingering. B) somatization. C) conversion disorder. D) illness anxiety disorder.
A
International studies have noted that individuals in _____ display the largest number of somatization symptoms. A) Latin America B) the Arctic C) southeast Asia D) the United States
A
Isaac had finally had enough of his inability to walk. He went to therapy and eventually addressed a traumatic car crash from his past. Over time, he began to walk again. According to his psychodynamic therapist, why did these positive changes occur? A) Isaac became conscious of and resolved his underlying fears, thereby eliminating the need to convert anxiety into physical symptoms. B) Isaac got increased rewards for healthy behaviors, which motivated him to walk. C) Isaac began to think differently about the nature and causes of his physical symptoms and illness. D) The antidepressant medications Isaac was prescribed helped alleviate his physical symptoms as well as his feelings of anxiety and depression.
A
Linda tends to be very cynical and impatient. She feels driven to be the best at everything she does. Linda MOST likely has a(n): A) Type A personality style. B) underperforming autonomic nervous system. C) unresolved Electra complex. D) overabundance of lymphocytes.
A
Muscle contraction headaches typically produce pain: A) in the front or back of the head or in the back of the neck. B) on one side of the head. C) on both sides of the head and the neck and shoulders. D) in the front and center of the head and behind the eyes.
A
People with _____ are thought to be more relaxed, less aggressive, and less concerned about time. A) Type A personality style B) Type B personality style C) factitious disorder D) conversion disorder
A
People with _____ interact with the world in a way that produces continual stress and often leads to coronary heart disease. A) Type A personality style B) Type B personality style C) factitious disorder D) conversion disorder
A
People with somatic symptom disorders use their symptoms to express emotions they cannot easily express otherwise. This statement reflects the: A) cognitive-behavioral view. B) multicultural view. C) humanistic view. D) psychodynamic view.
A
Psychophysiological disorders differ from fictitious disorders in that: A) the former result from an interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors. B) psychological factors are the primary underlying cause. C) the symptoms are less severe. D) physical damage is a very rare occurrence.
A
Scarlett finds that she needs more than the 8 hours of sleep recommended for adults. If she gets less than 10 hours of sleep per night, she has difficulty concentrating, is forgetful, has problems driving, and cannot work effectively. Scarlett would most likely be diagnosed with: A) insomnia disorder. B) hypersomnolence disorder. C) narcolepsy. D) circadian rhythm disorder.
A
Stress-related writing has been found to be beneficial for patients with either HIV infection or cancer. This is an example of the effectiveness of: A) hypnosis. B) relaxation training. C) emotion expression. D) mindfulness meditation.
A
The disorder with a wide range of vague, long-lasting, and disturbing physical symptoms without a medical cause is: A) somatic symptom disorder (somatization pattern). B) somatic symptom disorder (predominant pain pattern). C) conversion disorder (somatization pattern). D) conversion disorder (predominant pain pattern).
A
The most commonly occurring sleeplessness-produced problem is: A) difficulty concentrating. B) forgetfulness. C) difficulty driving. D) inability to work efficiently.
A
The researchers who developed the Social Readjustment Rating Scale sampled mostly: A) non-Hispanic white Americans. B) African Americans. C) Hispanic Americans. D) Asian Americans.
A
What is one of society's most negative social conditions that may set the stage for psychophysiological disorders? A) Traffic B) Poverty C) Underemployment D) Academic pressure
A
Which disorder is marked by a parent making up or producing physical illnesses in his or her own child? A) Munchausen syndrome B) Briquet's syndrome C) Multiple personality disorder D) Munchausen syndrome by proxy
A
Which is likely to be useful in distinguishing conversion or somatic symptom disorders from true medical problems? A) The particular body part showing the symptom B) The failure of a condition to develop as expected C) The patient's description of the source of the symptoms D) The patient's experiencing the usual course of development for the physical symptoms characteristic of the condition
A
Which statement concerning psychological treatments for physical disorders is MOST accurate? A) Therapists should focus on one technique to achieve the best outcomes. B) Meditation is the most effective treatment for physical disorders and should be tried first. C) Psychological interventions are often most helpful when they are combined. D) Psychological treatments of physical disorders have not been shown to be effective.
A
Which statement is TRUE about factitious disorders? A) Individuals with factitious disorder are not trying to achieve some external gain by faking illness. B) Individuals with factitious disorder do not intentionally create illness. C) Individuals with factitious disorder have no control over their behavior. D) Individuals with factitious disorder do not want to assume the sick role.
A
With _____, a person pays attention to the feelings, thoughts, and sensations that are flowing through his or her mind but does so with detachment and objectivity and, most important, without judgment. A) behavioral medicine B) relaxation training C) biofeedback training D) mindfulness meditation
A
_____ are believed to result from narrowing of the blood vessels followed by expansion of those same vessels. A) Asthmatic episodes B) Muscle contraction headaches C) Hypertensive disorders D) Migraine headaches
A
_____ causes the body's airways to narrow periodically, making it hard for air to pass to and from the lungs. A) Insomnia B) Asthma C) Hypertension D) Migraine headache
A
A contributing factor that partly explains why African Americans have more health problems than non-Hispanic white Americans is that: A) African Americans are not taught to care about their health as much as non-Hispanic white Americans. B) African Americans are more likely to live in poverty and face discrimination, which contributes to stress. C) African Americans place a strong emphasis on social relationships, family support, and religiousness, and this takes away from time spent focusing on health. D) different racial groups experience psychophysiological and other health problems in unique ways.
B
A professional has evidence that a patient has intentionally faked her illness. To determine whether the patient is malingering or experiencing a factitious disorder, what must be examined? A) The method the patient used to make herself ill B) The motivation the patient has for assuming the sick role C) Who else, if anyone, the patient is making ill D) The severity of the symptoms the patient has experienced
B
Abnormalities that are thought to have both biological and psychological causes are diagnosed as: A) factitious disorders. B) somatic symptom disorder. C) psychogenic disorders. D) psychological factors affecting one's medical condition.
B
According to the psychodynamic view, conversion disorder symptoms function to keep unacceptable thoughts and conflicts out of consciousness. This is called: A) sociocultural stress. B) primary gain. C) reinforcement. D) secondary gain.
B
An individual who has been diagnosed with a somatic symptom disorder would MOST likely first seek: A) psychological help. B) medical help. C) both psychological and medical help. D) neither psychological nor medical help.
B
Conversion disorders in men: A) are extremely rare. B) occur approximately half as often as they do in women. C) are twice as likely as they are in women. D) occur at about the same rate as they do in women.
B
Gabe appeared at the clinic complaining of pain in his knee, shoulder, and abdomen; nausea and vomiting; blurred vision; and exhaustion. The patient history revealed that he had been going to clinics for years trying to get treatment for these complaints as well as a host of other physical symptoms. The diagnostic consensus was that Gabe suffered from: A) factitious disorder. B) somatic symptom disorder. C) illness anxiety disorder. D) body dysmorphic disorder.
B
Gio has always taken good care of his health and well-being. However, over the past month he has been feeling a lot of pressure at work. Gio finds himself scrambling trying to meet a deadline that is fast approaching. Which change in his behavior may indirectly affect his immune system? A) Gio is worried he may lose his job and won't have enough money to pay the bills. B) Gio does not get enough sleep because he is so busy working. C) Gio begins to feel more pessimistic. D) Gio finds that his anger is increasing.
B
If a person complains of a wide variety of physical symptoms over time in the absence of a physical basis for the symptoms, the diagnosis would likely be: A) conversion disorder. B) somatic symptom disorder. C) body dysmorphic disorder. D) psychophysiological disorder.
B
Individuals with illness anxiety disorder typically receive the kinds of treatment that are applied to _____ disorder. A) obsessive-compulsive B) bipolar C) major depressive D) substance abuse
B
Kanaye has an erratic sleep cycle each month, regardless of which actions he takes. A typical cycle follows: Week 1: falls asleep around 6:00 P.M. and wakes around 2:00 A.M. Week 2: goes to sleep around 10:00 P.M. and wakes around 6:00 A.M. Week 3: cannot fall asleep until around 2:00 A.M., and then wakes around 10:00 A.M. Week 4: unable to fall asleep until 6:00 A.M. and wakes around 3:00 P.M. The appropriate diagnosis in this case is: A) insomnia disorder. B) hypersomnolence disorder. C) narcolepsy. D) circadian rhythm disorder.
B
Munchausen syndrome by proxy is MOST likely to adversely affect the physical well-being of: A) the person experiencing it. B) the child of the person experiencing it. C) the spouse of the person experiencing it. D) the medical personnel caring for the person experiencing it.
B
People with a reluctance to express discomfort or hostility have a: A) Type A personality. B) Type B personality. C) repressive coping style. D) problem with anger management.
B
Psychodynamic theorists say that _____ and _____ are the two mechanisms at work in hysterical somatoform disorders. A) ritual; undoing B) projection; rejection C) primary gain; secondary gain D) primary grief; secondary grief
B
Shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing, and a choking sensation are symptoms commonly associated with: A) insomnia. B) asthma. C) muscle contractions. D) migraine headaches.
B
Someone who has Munchausen syndrome also, by definition, has: A) Munchausen by proxy. B) a factitious disorder. C) somatic symptom disorder. D) conversion disorder.
B
The leading cause of death globally, resulting in 17 million deaths worldwide each year, is: A) asthma. B) hypertension. C) coronary heart disease. D) muscle contraction headache.
B
The process of teaching people to identify and eventually rid themselves of unpleasant thoughts that emerge during pain episodes is called: A) hypnosis. B) relaxation training. C) self-instruction training. D) mindfulness meditation.
B
The relationship between gender and somatic symptom disorder generally is that: A) more men than women are diagnosed with both the somatization pattern and predominant pain pattern forms of somatic symptom disorder. B) more women than men are diagnosed with both the somatization pattern and predominant pain pattern forms of somatic symptom disorder. C) more men than women are diagnosed with the somatization pattern, but more women than men are diagnosed with the predominant pain pattern form of somatic symptom disorder. D) more women than men are diagnosed with the somatization pattern, but more men than women are diagnosed with the predominant pain pattern form of somatic symptom disorder.
B
The relatively positive health picture for Hispanic Americans in the face of clear economic disadvantage is called the: A) Hispanic Health Paradox. B) Hispanic Health Contradiction. C) General Health Mystery. D) General Health Paradox.
B
The way a person generally responds to life reflects that person's: A) biochemical activity. B) behavioral response pattern. C) personality style. D) social support system.
B
Which behavior is known to slow the immune system? A) Sleeping more than the recommended amount B) Eating mostly junk food and fast food C) Participating in social events D) Going for daily walks
B
Which finding would lead you to suspect someone has a conversion disorder rather than another medical cause? A) Muscle atrophy in the "paralyzed" body part B) Uniform and even numbness in the "damaged" hand C) Symptoms consistent with the way the neurological system is known to work D) A great number of accidents and an inability, in a "blind" person, to get around
B
Which individual is LEAST likely to suffer from factitious disorder? A) A man who works as a paramedic as his full-time profession B) A woman who works as a nurse or a medical assistant C) A man who has a subscription to the New England Journal of Medicine, even though he does not work in the medical field D) A woman who received successful surgery for ovarian cancer
B
Which statement BEST describes someone with illness anxiety disorder? A) A person has an illness and believes he or she will never fully recover. B) A person misinterprets normal bodily functions and changes as signs of a serious health condition. C) A person fabricates symptoms and seeks ongoing treatment from health care professionals. D) A person causes real illness as a direct result of numerous preventive measures and self-pretreatment.
B
Why do some researchers believe mass psychogenic illnesses will increase and become more severe in the future? A) Cities will become more population dense. B) The power of social media will increase. C) Education is in decline. D) Treatment has not proved to be helpful.
B
_____ are protein molecules that recognize and bind to antigens, mark them for destruction, and prevent them from causing infection. A) Helper T-cells B) Natural killer T-cells C) B-cells D) Antibodies
B
A patient with a heart condition complains of adhesions from his postoperative scar, leg cramps, and joint stiffness. He seems to be hurting all over, but no medical reason can be found to explain the symptoms. The BEST diagnosis for this disorder is: A) conversion disorder. B) somatic symptom disorder (somatization pattern). C) somatic symptom disorder (predominant pain pattern). D) preoccupation disorder.
C
A physician confronts Addison with evidence that her symptoms are factitious. It is MOST likely that Addison will: A) create new symptoms that are more difficult to disprove. B) produce false medical records to support her original symptoms. C) leave the facility and immediately seek treatment from a different physician. D) take measures that increase the intensity of her original symptoms.
C
A researcher conducts studies to better understand how exposure to stress affects the immune system. This researcher is practicing in the field of: A) psychoanalysis. B) behaviorism. C) psychoneuroimmunology. D) behavioral medicine.
C
A woman has close female relatives diagnosed with a somatization pattern of somatic symptom disorder. According to research, her probability of being diagnosed with the same disorder is approximately: A) 2 percent. B) 10 percent. C) 20 percent. D) 50 percent.
C
Adrian recently graduated from college and has started a new job in his field of study. He has very long work hours and gets little sleep. He quit exercising and is not eating a balanced diet. If he develops a psychophysiological disorder, it will be because of: A) biochemical activity. B) behavioral changes. C) personality style. D) social support.
C
Bartrop and colleagues compared the immune systems of 26 people whose spouses had died 8 weeks earlier with those of 26 matched control-group participants whose spouses had not died. The blood samples revealed that _____ was much lower in the bereaved people than in the controls. A) lymphocyte functioning B) neurotransmitter activity C) antigen replication D) ion activity
C
Both psychodynamic theorists and cognitive-behavioral theorists believe that in conversion disorder, the symptoms that appear: A) are physical manifestations of unconscious conflicts carried forth from childhood. B) reflect an exaggeration of existing symptoms from another medical condition. C) help the person avoid unpleasant situations. D) reflect repression of unresolved sexual desires.
C
Cindy has recently been diagnosed with cancer. Her quality of life is now poor because her coping style is one of helplessness and she has problems expressing her feelings. This is related to: A) biochemical activity. B) behavioral changes. C) personality style. D) social support.
C
Compared with a therapist with a psychodynamic view, what would a therapist with a cognitive-behavioral view be most likely to ask someone whom he or she suspected might have a somatic symptom disorder? A) "What underlying conflict do you think might have caused your symptoms?" B) "Do you think drug therapy would help you deal with the physical symptoms?" C) "Has any friend of yours had similar symptoms recently?" D) "What are you thinking about when you experience your symptoms?"
C
Four adults have experienced a stressful event. The individual at greatest risk for developing a physical illness is the person who recently: A) experienced the death of a spouse. B) was sentenced to a jail term. C) experienced the death of a sibling. D) was unexpectedly fired.
C
Gavin saw his parents killed, and the next morning he could not see. This is an example of a(n): A) conversion disorder. B) factitious disorder. C) somatic symptom disorder with a predominant pain pattern. D) illness anxiety disorder.
C
In one study, patients with asthma and arthritis who wrote down their thoughts and feelings about stressful events for a handful of days showed lasting improvements in their conditions. This is an example of the effectiveness of: A) hypnosis. B) relaxation training. C) emotion expression. D) mindfulness meditation.
C
In the latter half of the nineteenth century, a person who today is diagnosed with somatic symptom disorder would MOST likely have been diagnosed with: A) Freudian syndrome. B) pseudopsychological syndrome. C) Briquet's syndrome. D) referenced pain syndrome.
C
Increasingly concerned about my minor heartbeat irregularities, I think that my health is being threatened, and more and more often I misinterpret my body's normal signals. Which viewpoint BEST explains my experiences? A) Psychodynamic B) Biological C) Cognitive-behavioral D) Humanistic
C
Juanita often feels lonely and does not have many close friends. She also has poor immune functioning and tends to get sick often. This may be due to: A) biochemical activity. B) behavioral changes. C) personality style. D) social support.
C
Kelsey feels stressed because of her responsibilities of being a mother. Even so, she tends to be optimistic, engages in constructive coping, and is resilient. The likelihood of her developing a psychophysiological disorder is slim due to: A) biochemical activity. B) behavioral changes. C) personality style. D) social support.
C
People who suffer from _____ unrealistically interpret bodily symptoms as signs of a serious illness. A) Munchausen syndrome B) hysterical disorder C) body dysmorphic disorder D) illness anxiety disorder
C
People with _____ are said to be consistently angry, cynical, driven, impatient, competitive, and ambitious. A) Type A personality style B) Type B personality style C) factitious disorder D) conversion disorder
C
When it comes to understanding mental disorders and medical problems, most researchers believe: A) both are often best understood when sociocultural, psychological, and biological factors are all taken into consideration. B) it is best to focus on biological factors and tailor treatment accordingly. C) psychological factors can explain all mental disorders and medical problems. D) it is often best not to focus on understanding the causes of mental disorders and medical problems because that takes time away from treatment.
C
Which characteristic describes an individual with Munchausen syndrome by proxy? A) Psychotic B) Independent C) Emotionally needy D) Limited intelligence and education
C
Which disorder is considered by law enforcement to be a form of child abuse? A) Conversion disorder B) Munchausen syndrome by proxy C) Illness anxiety disorder D) Factitious disorder
C
Which individual would be MOST likely to receive a diagnosis of factitious disorder? A) Someone who engages in cutting and tries to hide it from everyone B) Someone who breaks a leg while skiing but tells friends and family that the injury occurred in a car accident C) Someone who purposefully drinks gasoline and then seeks treatment for an unknown stomach ailment D) Someone who has chronic nausea and vomiting due to high stress but denies that as a possible cause
C
A man appeared at the emergency room complaining of bloody diarrhea. The physician who examined him found that the man was intentionally creating the diarrhea through use of laxatives and anticoagulant medication and that he liked being a patient. The man is MOST likely: A) experiencing a psychophysical disorder. B) malingering. C) experiencing a somatic disorder. D) experiencing a factitious disorder.
D
An individual develops somatic symptom disorder after a near-fatal car crash. The diagnosis is: A) unlikely to be either somatization pattern or predominant pain pattern. B) about equally likely to be somatization pattern or predominant pain pattern. C) more likely to be somatization pattern than predominant pain pattern. D) less likely to be somatization pattern than predominant pain pattern.
D
Charley brings her young daughter into the emergency room with internal bleeding. The attending physician later concludes that Charley caused the symptoms in her daughter intentionally, wanting to gain attention and praise for her devoted care of her sick child. If this assessment is correct, the appropriate diagnosis is: A) a psychophysiological disorder. B) a conversion disorder. C) Munchausen syndrome. D) Munchausen syndrome by proxy.
D
Dani has been diagnosed with breast cancer. She has a very supportive husband, caring children, and several friends who will provide support for her during her recovery. Lori also has been diagnosed with breast cancer, but she does not have a family or any close friends. Because of the differences in_____, Dani is more likely to have a successful recovery. A) biochemical activity B) behavioral change C) personality style D) social support
D
Disorders that represent the conversion of conflicts and anxiety into physical symptoms would include: A) phobia disorders. B) dissociative disorders. C) psychophysiological disorders. D) conversion disorders.
D
Excessive activity of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine contributes to a slowdown of the: A) immune system. B) autonomic nervous system. C) sympathetic nervous system. D) cardiovascular system.
D
Hypertension that results from a combination of psychological and physiological factors is called _____ hypertension. A) secondary B) essential C) complex D) multifactorial
D
If a person's bodily symptoms affect his or her voluntary motor and sensory functions, but the symptoms are inconsistent with known medical diseases, this condition is referred to as: A) malingering. B) illness anxiety disorder. C) selective symptomatology. D) conversion disorder.
D
One of the dangers of a diagnosis of conversion disorder is that the patient: A) will then seek only psychodynamic therapy. B) may have a genuine medical problem. C) may view all future physical symptoms as a symptom of this disorder. D) will most likely seek a second medical opinion.
D
Penny banged her knee into a table, causing some bruising and minor swelling. She rechecks her knee constantly, looking for any changes. She has shown the bruise to all of her friends, asking whether they think it will form a clot that breaks free and travels to her heart. Everyone tells her it is nothing, but she is convinced it is a significant problem. Penny is exhibiting signs of: A) conversion disorder. B) somatization disorder. C) illness anxiety disorder. D) pain disorder associated with psychological factors.
D
Relaxation training differs from mediation in that: A) relaxation focuses on the body, whereas meditation focuses on turning one's concentration inward. B) relaxation focuses on quieting the mind, whereas mediation focuses on amplifying one's thoughts. C) relaxation is better for beginners, whereas meditation is better for people with expertise in stress management. D) relaxation is designed to relieve pain, whereas meditation focuses more on overall well-being.
D
The BEST example of malingering is a person who: A) fakes an illness because he or she enjoys being a patient. B) pretends to have an illness to get sympathy. C) falsely claims to have a terminal illness. D) feigns an illness to achieve some external gain, such as financial compensation.
D
People with _____ are often very sleepy during the day and have difficulty functioning. A) insomnia B) asthma C) hypertension D) migraine headaches
A
The traditional psychophysiological disorder most commonly associated with intense feelings of anger and the presence of bacteria is: A) an ulcer. B) insomnia. C) asthma attack. D) hypotension.
A
____, often in combination with medication, has been widely used in the treatment of high blood pressure. A) Behavioral medicine B) Relaxation training C) Biofeedback training D) Meditation
A
An example of a factitious disorder is: A) mass hysteria. B) Munchausen syndrome. C) hypochondriasis. D) untreated migraine disorder.
B
Beyond its use in the control of pain, _____ has been used successfully to help treat such problems as skin diseases, asthma, insomnia, high blood pressure, warts, and other forms of infection. A) hypnosis B) relaxation training C) biofeedback training D) mindfulness meditation
C
Ben has been a chronically ill child. After being removed from his home and placed in foster care, he became quite healthy. In this case, one might suspect that the parent (usually the mother) was experiencing: A) malingering. B) a psychophysical disorder. C) a somatoform disorder. D) a factitious disorder.
D
When a person is under stress, the adrenal glands release: A) norepinephrine. B) corticosteroids. C) collagen. D) cytokines.
A
Parasites are examples of: A) lymphocytes. B) antigens. C) allergens. D) T-cells.
B
"Hysterical disorders are forms of communication. They provide the person with a means for expressing emotions that would otherwise be difficult to convey." This statement BEST reflects the perspective of _____ theorists. A) humanistic B) psychodynamic C) biological D) cognitive-behavioral
A
Stress leads to increased activity by the: A) immune system. B) autonomic nervous system. C) sympathetic nervous system. D) cardiovascular system.
A
A person who intentionally produces or fakes physical symptoms simply out of a wish to be a patient might be diagnosed with a: A) stress disorder. B) psychotic disorder. C) factitious disorder. D) conversion disorder.
B
Sonia has a Type A personality style, and Liz has a Type B personality style. They are both running for class president. How would you expect their campaigns to differ? A) Sonia will be more competitive, and Liz will be more relaxed. B) Liz will have more friends to vote for her, while Sonia will have more people on her campaign team. C) When problems arise, Sonia will stay calm while Liz will get angry and hostile. D) Liz will have every moment of her campaign planned, and Sonia will be disorganize
B
The first time the patient reported vague chest pains to a 911 operator, local EMTs responded with obvious attention and concern. Over the next several months, the patient called 911 more and more often, receiving the same concerned care for the same symptoms. This pattern of patient response is MOST easily explained by which theoretical perspective? A) Biological B) Cognitive-behavioral C) Humanistic D) Psychodynamic
B
A 35-year-old woman hobbles into the office of a physician complaining of a debilitating illness that has robbed her of the use of her left leg and right arm. The physician finds no physical basis for her symptoms. The patient appears totally unaware that the cause of her symptoms may be psychological. The appropriate diagnosis in this case is: A) malingering. B) factitious disorder. C) conversion disorder. D) illness anxiety disorder.
C
Somatic complaints are very common in non-Western medical settings. This pattern MOST likely reflects: A) higher levels of the emotions in these countries that produce somatization. B) the effects of living in a collectivist culture. C) a Western bias that sees somatization as an inferior way to handle emotions. D) an Asian bias to celebrate somatization as the only "real" response to emotion.
C
Taylor has started smoking to help ease her stress from work. If she develops a psychophysiological disorder, it will be a result of: A) biochemical activity. B) behavioral changes. C) personality style. D) social support.
C
The _____ assigns numerical values to the stress that most people experience at some time in their lives. A) Undergraduate Stress Questionnaire B) Social Readjustment Rating Scale C) Anxiety and Stress Questionnaire D) Undergraduate Stress Scale
C
The amount of sleep needed _____ over the life span. A) decreases B) fluctuates C) increases D) remains unchanged
C
The most common type of activity people perform when they want to relieve stress is engaging in: A) entertainment, such as watching television, listening to music, or reading. B) spiritual care, such as praying or going to church. C) exercise, such as running or yoga. D) self-harm, such as cutting or burning oneself.
C
The most widely applied method of biofeedback uses a device called an _____, which provides feedback about the level of muscular tension in the body. A) electromyograph B) electrode wand C) ultrasound machine D) emotional regulator
C
Therapists who take a reinforcement approach while treating a conversion disorder would be MOST likely to focus on: A) identifying underlying emotional causes for the disorder. B) helping the patient gain insight into how the disorder is reinforcing. C) reducing the rewards available for displaying the disorder. D) replacing the primary gain with a secondary gain.
C
A characteristic of chronic insomniacs is: A) feeling as if they are constantly awake. B) being more productive in the late evening. C) having a chronic respiratory condition. D) having a history of migraine headaches.
D
A group of physical illnesses that seem to be caused or worsened by an interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors is called: A) illness anxiety disorders. B) conversion disorders. C) somatic symptom disorders. D) psychological factors affecting other medical conditions.
D
Behaviorists believe that the fears found in illness anxiety disorder have been acquired through: A) overinterpretation of bodily cues. B) unsatisfied sexual desires. C) classical conditioning or modeling. D) hypnotic suggestion.
D
The main criticism of the cognitive-behavioral and psychodynamic explanations for the maintenance of hysterical disorders is that: A) they focus too much on the gains the patient receives from the disorder. B) they fail to take into account the gains the patient receives from the disorder. C) they confuse the ideas of gain and reward. D) they cannot explain how the gains can outweigh the pain of the disorder.
D
Today's leading explanations for conversion and somatic symptom disorders come from the: A) psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, and eclectic models. B) psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral models. C) cognitive-behavioral model. D) psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, and multicultural models.
D
Which statement BEST reflects our understanding of hysterical disorders? A) Hysterical disorders are explained similarly to how anxiety disorders are explained. B) Currently, hysterical disorders are thought to be due to a "wandering uterus." C) Hysterical disorder symptoms appear to be particularly resistant to hypnosis. D) The causes of hysterical disorders are poorly understood, with no theory predominant in aiding understanding.
D
Which statement would a cognitive-behavioral theorist be MOST likely to make about hysterical disorders? A) The patient is receiving secondary gains from the symptoms. B) The patient is unable to express any emotion except anxiety. C) The patient is being rewarded for behaving in this way. D) The patient is otherwise unable to communicate difficult emotions.
D
Will recently recovered from having ulcers. He had care from family and friends and, as a result, recovered faster than expected. This may be due to: A) biochemical activity. B) behavioral changes. C) personality style. D) social support.
D
You are a therapist using self-instruction training. Your client repeatedly tells you, "I can't take the pain. It is just too much." This is an example of a: A) managing self-statement. B) negative self-statement. C) positive self-statement. D) coping self-statement.
D
_____ has been used to help manage pain and to treat high blood pressure, heart problems, asthma, skin disorders, diabetes, insomnia, and even viral infections. A) Behavioral medicine B) Relaxation training C) Biofeedback training D) Meditation
D
_____ help the body identify and destroy antigens and cancer cells. A) Antigens B) Legions C) T-cells D) Lymphocytes
D
_____ is a field that combines psychological and physical interventions to treat or prevent medical problems. A) Behavioral medicine B) Psychoneuroimmunology C) Psychoanalysis D) Biofeedback training
D
_____ seek out and destroy body cells that have already been infected by viruses. A) Helper T-cells B) Natural killer T-cells C) B-cells D) Antibodies
D