Q3 possible questions
Which of the following was not one of the examples of moments economic, social and religious change highlighted in Gary B. Nash's "The Transformation of European Society"?
A growing fear of immigrants from Slavic and Eastern Europe, which would drive "economic ruin" into a growing and promising economy
To issue an Emancipation Proclamation , President Lincoln felt that he needed which of the following?
A military victory
Which of the following parts of the Compromise of 1850 was the most appealing to the North?
Admitting California as a free state
Benjamin Robbins Curtis was a Supreme Court justice from 1851 to 1857. He espoused in the Dred Scott case of 1857:
All of the Above
Which of the following conditions in England motivated Puritans to migrate to New England in the 1630s? I. Political repression of dissident Protestants II. An economic recession III. Restrictions on Puritan religious practices
All of the above
In which of the following British North American colonies was slavery legally established by the early 1700's?
All the colonies
The Missouri Compromise did which of the following?
Allowed Maine to enter the Union as a free state.
The People's Party (Populist) advocated which of the following?
An increase in the money supply
Mathew would probably apply his warning, "not use our liberty for a cloak of maliciousness" to
Bacon's Rebellion
The dissatisfaction of Virginia farmers with the colonial governor who failed to protect them against American Indian raids led to
Bacon's Rebellion
During the 1930s Black voters overwhelmingly switched from the Republican Party to the Democratic Party because
Black Americans benefited from some New Deal economic policies
During the Gilded Age, which of the following groups generally voted Republican?
Black northerners
''In all things that are purely social we can be as separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress." The statement above expressed the ideas of
Booker T. Washington
The Union was most disturbed because they believed that Britain was supporting the Confederate s by doing which of the following?
Building warships
Which of the following best summarizes the attitude toward religious beliefs expressed in this document? (The Maryland Act of Toleration)
Christian s should be able to practice their faith without fear of persecution
Which of the following characterizes the relationship between church and state for the Puritans who settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony in the seventeenth century?
Church membership was required for voting and holding public office.
Which of the following was primarily responsible for the declining death rate in American cities at the end of the nineteenth century?
Cities built sewers and supplied purified water.
On June 24th 1787, James Madison presented a proposal to pay congressmen for a full year after the expiration of their term. What was he trying to prevent with this proposal?
Congressmen receiving federal offices due to friendships within congress.
Which of the following BEST expresses the view of Abigail Adams about power, liberty, or prejudices?
Corruption is an ever present vice for men entrusted with power.
Which of the following was a direct British response to the colonial views expressed by the Stamp Act Congress?
Declaratory Act stating the right to tax
The first massive migration of Black Americans from the South occurred during which of the following periods?
During and immediately after the First World War
During the late nineteenth century, members of which of the following groups were most likely to advocate settlement houses as a means of social reform?
Educated middle-class women
The US Sanitary Commission was headed by
Elizabeth Blackwell
Which of the following groups is LEAST likely to respond with enthusiasm to the religious fervor of the Great Awakening in the 1730s and 1740s?
Established merchants in cities like Boston and Philadelphia
The Northwest Ordinances did which of the following?
Established the terms for settlement and admission of new states.
Immigrants to the United States in the last quarter of the nineteenth century came primarily from
European farms and villages
The Monroe Doctrine maintained that
European powers should not pursue any future colonization in the Americas
Which of the following statements about African American soldiers during the Civil War is correct?
For most of the war, they were paid less than White soldiers of equal rank.
President Washington's Neutrality Proclamation of 1793 was issued in response to
French diplomatic overtures to invoke the Franco-American Alliance
Which of the following contributed most to the American victory in the Revolution?
French military and financial assistance
Thoreau believed that a just man should be prepared to do which of the following?
Go to jail for his beliefs
Defenders of corporate actions, such as the ones described in the passage above, would find support in
Herbert Spencer and the ideas of social Darwinism.
What check on power was Mason arguing for?
Impeachment
Which of the following groups made up most of the servants referred to in the passage?
Indentured servants from Europe
Which of the following supplied the largest number of immigrants to the United States during the first half of the nineteenth century?
Ireland
Which of the following statements about the Tennessee Valley Authority is correct?
It built dams that made rural electrification possible.
The Second Great Awakening did which of the following?
It encouraged conversion to evangelical Christianity.
Which of the following best characterizes the National Origins Act of 1924 ?
It established immigration quotas based on a percentage of each nationality residing in the United States in 1890.
Which of the following is true of the 1935 Social Security Act?
It legislated a tax that transfers money from workers to pensioners.
How was the Declaratory Act a cause of the Boston Tea Party?
It provoked the Sons of Liberty to contest Parliament's ability to tax the colonies.
Which of the following was true of the first Great Awakening?
It resulted in divisions within both the Congregational and the Presbyterian churches.
Which of the following was true of the United States Constitution as adopted at the Constitutional Convention?
It was built on a series of compromises.
Which of the following statements about the "American System" is correct?
It was designed to meet the nation's need for economic progress and self-sufficiency.
In the mid-18th century, all of the following were generally true about slavery in the British colonies EXCEPT
It was strongly opposed in New England.
The issue of religious toleration figured prominently in the founding of colonies by all of the following EXCEPT
James Oglethorpe
The Haymarket Affair represented a major setback for the
Knights of Labor
Based on Transcendentalist ideas , penitentiaries were "designed so that every prisoner would live in solitary confinement, and would therefore have time to think and reform." (Jacksonland). This idea was opposed by
Lafayette, who believed solitary confinement was torture.
Which of the following groups of individuals would have been most likely to agree with King George?
Loyalists
[cross of gold speech] William Jennings Bryan, 1896 Which of the following groups would most likely agree with the quote above?
Midwestern farmers
Support for slavery in the Southern states was based on all of the following reasons EXCEPT:
Most White families owned slaves.
(passage about women doing stuff) Which of the following groups would have most likely supported the scenario described in this passage?
National Woman Suffrage Association
Which of the following principles was established by the Dred Scott decision?
National legislation could not limit the spread of slavery in the territories.
Which of the following was the intended result of the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887?
Native Americans would be coaxed off reservations by land grants and would thus assimilate into Western culture.
The Hartford Convention was a manifestation of
New England Federalist opposition to the War of 1812
Which of the following parts of the Compromise of 1850 was the most appealing to the South?
Passing a new Fugitive Slave Law
"We believe that the time has come when the railroad corporations will either own the people or the people must own the railroads ... We demand a national currency, safe, sound, and flexible ... We demand a graduated income tax ... We demand a free ballot." Which of the following groups included the passage above in its platform?
People's Party (Populists)
Winthrop suggests that Polk 's slogan of "Fifty-four Forty or Fight!" was based mainly on which of the following attitudes?
Polk hoped to get political benefit
An increase in which of the following was the key part of the Kansas-Nebraska Act to attract Southern support?
Popular sovereignty
Which of the following ideas is Douglas appealing to when he says, "whether the people of the territories shall be allowed to do as they please upon the question of slavery"?
Popular sovereignty
Which of the following would most directly support the argument that Progressives were "exclusionary"?
Progressives did little to end the segregation of African Americans
Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson challenged the authority of which of the following?
Puritan magistrates and ministers
Which of the following was true of a married woman in the colonial era?
She generally lost control of her property when she married.
Chief Justice Taney's basic ruling in the Dred Scott case was based on which of the following principles?
Since slaves were property, they could not sue
"Another marked characteristic of the Anglo- Saxon is what may be called an instinct or genius for colonizing. His unequaled energy, his indomitable perseverance, and his personal independence, made him a pioneer. He excels all others in pushing his way into new countries."
Social Darwinism
The decisions of the Supreme Court in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries generally did which of the following?
Strengthened the position of big business.
In his Atlanta Compromise speech, Booker T. Washington called for which of the following?
Support for African American self-help
Which of the following happened as a result of Bacon's Rebellion in 1676?
Tensions between backcountry farmers and the tidewater gentry were exposed.
According to the excerpt, which of the following does King George hold primarily responsible for the American revolt?
The "traitorous views" of some colonial leaders
Select the answer that BEST embodies the following quote. Dr. Benjamin Rush of Pennsylvania on July 4th 1787
The Constitutional Convention is part of the continuing evolution of the American experiment.
Susan B. Anthony and others in the women's rights movement had a major influence on the ratification of which of the following?
The Nineteenth Amendment.
Which of the following conflicts resulted in the successful expulsion of Europeans from the upper Rio Grande region of North America for nearly a decade?
The Pueblo Revolt
What was the main reason for the major decrease in the number of Europeans immigrating to the United States in the 1920s?
The United States passed the National Origins Act.
Which of the following served as a major cause of the war with Mexico?
The annexation of Texas
Which of the following was the most direct catalyst for the secession of South Carolina?
The election of 1860
Which of the following contributed most significantly to a surge in western settlement during the 1860s and 1870s?
The expansion of railroads made the Great Plains more accessible.
Late-nineteenth-century federal policies were detrimental to unskilled workers in all of the following ways EXCEPT:
The federal income tax took a considerable portion of workers' income.
Which of the following most profoundly transformed the lives of slaves in the South in the mid-1700s?
The growth of a native-born African American population
Which of the following was most directly a cause of the success of the Populist party?
The growth of corporate power and banking interests inspired rural activists to lobby for political reform.
Thomas Paine's pamphlet Common Sense attacked which of the following?
The king of England and the principle of monarchy
Which of the following provisions of the Compromise of 1850 provoked the most controversy in the 1850's?
The strengthened Fugitive Slave Law
All of the following statements about higher educa- tion in the United States from 1865 to 1917 are correct EXCEPT:
The teaching of religion became increasingly important at major northeastern institutions.
All of the following statements about higher education in the United States from 1865 to 1917 are correct EXCEPT:
The teaching of religion became increasingly important at major northeastern institutions.
What does Mr. Wilson mean with this comment?
There will be a partnership between state and national governments.
City bosses and urban political machines in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries did which of the following?
They provided some welfare for poor immigrants in exchange for political support.
Which of the following statements about Supreme Court decisions during the latter part of the nineteenth century is most accurate?
They reduced federal power over the states by narrowly defining the applicability of the Constitution to state law.
Based on the information in this excerpt, what is Samuel Kercheval's point of view toward Bacon and his followers?
They were frustrated men who were taking action because the government did not
Which of the following best describes the position on slavery of most northerners during the sectional crises of the 1850s?
They were willing to accept slavery where it existed but opposed further expansion to the territories.
-Henry David Thoreau, lecturer and author, "Resistance to Civil Government," (Civil Disobedience), 1849 Which of the following groups held views most similar to the ideas expressed in this excerpt?
Transcendentalists
On July 21st the Convention for a third time refused to approve today a fusion of veto power of the national Judiciary and Executive as a means to checkmate power of the Legislature. However in a unanimous vote, the Convention approved the power of an Executive Veto. How can a veto be overturned?
Two-thirds vote in the House and Senate
The Congress of Industrial Organizations was most interested in unionizing which of the following?
Unskilled and semiskilled factory workers
The 1896 Supreme Court decision Plessy v. Ferguson did which of the following?
Upheld segregated railroad facilities.
Which of the following had integration rather than Black separatism as a goal?
W. E. B. Du Bois and the Niagara movement
Which of the following emerged during the Progressive Era as the most influential advocate of full political, economic, and social equality for Black Americans?
W.E.B.DuBois
The issue of freedom of the seas in World War I most closely resembles the cause of which of the following conflicts?
War of 1812
The development of commercial farming in the Old Northwest by the time of this excerpt was written gave support to
Western settlements
The assembly-line production of Henry Ford's Model T automobile resulted in which of the following by the end of the 1920s?
Widespread purchase of automobiles by average American families
"Let Southern oppressors tremble . . . . I shall strenuously contend for immediate enfranchisement . . . . I will be as harsh as truth and as uncompromising as justice."
William L. Garrison
In 1840 the American Antislavery Society split into factions because
William Lloyd Garrison's advocacy of women's rights and pacifism alienated some members
Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in the New World, was founded by
a joint stock company anxious to return a profit to investors
During the 1930's, the Great Depression led to
a mass internal migration of Americans looking for work
The efforts described in the reading above occurred in the context of
a nadir (lowest point) in race relations in the United States as scientific" ideas about race, inaction by the federal government, and rigid segregation in the South relegated African Americans to a second -class status in the United States.
The greatest achievement of the government under the Articles of Confederation was its establishment of
a system for orderly settlement of the West
When war broke out in Europe in 1914, President Woodrow Wilson established a policy that called for
acknowledgment of American neutral rights on the high seas
Jefferson's purchase of Louisiana had its origins in his desire to
acquire a port to provide an outlet for western crops
William Lloyd Garrison and the American Anti-Slavery Society were known for
advocating immediate and uncompensated emancipation
The 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act instituted popular sovereignty to
allow people living in a territory to determine whether slavery should be permitted there
Pinckney's Treaty with Spain is considered a diplomatic highlight of Washington's administration because it
allowed the United States to use the port of New Orleans
The Quakers were unique among the religious groups that settled in North America during the seventeenth century because they
allowed women to speak publicly in their religious meetings and to be missionaries
"One by one the southern states have legally disfranchised the Afro-American, and since the repeal of the Civil Rights Bill nearly every southern state has passed separate [railroad] car laws with a penalty against their infringement. The race, regardless of advancement, is penned into filthy, stifling partitions cut off from smoking cars." The author of the statement above was
an African American journalist in the 1890s
The immediate effect of Andrew Jackson's attack on the Second Bank of the United States in 1834 was
an expansion of credit and speculation
In the last quarter of the nineteenth century, American agriculture was characterized by
an increase in acres under cultivation
The passage of the Pendleton Act was a direct result of the
assassination of James A. Garfield
The primary purpose of the Proclamation of 1763 was to
avoid conflict with the trans-Appalachian Indians
All of the following have been cited as reasons for the dropping of atomic bombs on Japan in 1945 EXCEPT the need to
block a planned Japanese invasion of the United States
Although Congress accepted most of Alexander Hamilton's economic proposals, it rejected his
call for direct subsidies to manufacturers
President Lincoln delayed issuing an Emancipation Proclamation because of his concern that it would
cause the border states to secede
During the American Revolution, many women contributed to the cause of independence by
collecting money, medicine, and food to supply the Continental Army
Progressive reformers rejected Social Darwinism because they believed that
conflict and competition did not necessarily improve society
The term "vertical integration" refers to
control of all aspects of an industry, from production of raw materials to delivery of finished goods
"To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other power vested by this Constitution." Alexander Hamilton used the clause above to
convince the federal government to create the First Bank of the United States
The crop that best fits Downing's description as one of the "great staples" in mid-19th century America was
cotton
In 1890 the most important source of revenue for the federal government was
customs duties
D. W. Griffith's epic film The Birth of a Nation (1915) became controversial because of its
depiction of Ku Klux Klan activities as heroic and commendable
The Constitutional Convention of 1787 did all of the following EXCEPT
determine provisions to be included in the Bill of Rights
A key purpose of Henry Clay's American System was to
develop a national economy by improving transportation
President George Washington's Farewell Address set a course for the nation by
discouraging permanent alliances with foreign nations
The major goal of the Social Gospel movement in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was to
draw the attention of Protestant churches to the plight of the urban poor
Alexander Hamilton's financial program was most favorable to
eastern merchants
The American home front in the Second World War is best described as
economically invigorated by military spending
To encourage African Americans to fight, Hamilton suggested in the excerpt that they should be promised
emancipation from slavery
Marcus Garvey's prominence during the 1920s arose from his
emphasis on the importance of Black pride and Black nationalism
President Herbert Hoover approached the task of caring for unemployed workers during the Great Depression by
emphasizing the importance of private charities
In the period 1650-1750, all of the following contributed to British North American colonists' sense of identity as British subjects EXCEPT the
expansion of the colonies into western frontier region
The LEAST prosperous group in the 1920s consisted of
farmers in the Midwest and the South
The "free silver" campaign of 1896 received its greatest popular support from
farmers, who hoped that a more generous money supply would ease their debt burdens
The purpose of the immigration restriction acts passed in the 1920s was to
favor northern and western European immigration
The Palmer raids of 1919 to 1920 were most closely related to the
fear of communism and radicalism
During the Second World War, Japanese Americans were relocated because of
fear of possible subversive activity against the war effort
President Jackson resisted the admission of Texas into the Union in 1836 primarily because he
feared that debate over the admission of Texas would ignite controversy about slavery
All of the following contributed to the growth of the free African American population in the United States in the early nineteenth century EXCEPT
federal constitutional provisions for emancipation
Andrew Carnegie's Gospel of Wealth was based on the belief that wealthy industrialists should use their wealth to
finance philanthropic endeavors
The main goal of the Marshall Plan was to
finance the economic reconstruction of Western Europe
In an influential 1947 article, diplomat George F. Kennan advocated that the United States should
focus its foreign policy on containing the spread of Soviet communism
The Battle of Antietam, September 17, 1862, is considered pivotal to the outcome of the Civil War because it
forestalled the possibility of European intervention
During the Civil War, the Republican Party passed legislation promoting economic development concerning all of the following EXCEPT the
granting of government subsidies to encourage the export of manufactured goods
By passing the Navigation Acts in the 1600s and 1700s, the British government intended to
guarantee that the British government would have a financial share of all colonial exports
Andrew Johnson was impeached because
he violated the Tenure of Office Act by firing Secretary of War Stanton
In the 1930's, the movement led by Dr. Francis Townsend contributed to congressional approval of a law
implementing a federal program of old-age benefits
Hamilton's constitutional argument was based on which of the following types of power?
implied
Constitutional amendments enacted during the Progressive Era concerned all of the following EXCEPT
imposition of a poll tax
A major consequence of the French and Indian war of 1754-1763 was the
imposition of new taxes on the British North American colonies
Free coinage of silver was intended to
increase the money supply
A distinguishing feature of American society in the early nineteenth century was the
increasing readership of newspapers
An overview of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era inevitably narrows to three major movements:
industrialization, immigration, and urbanization.
President Theodore Roosevelt addressed all of the following issues during his presidency EXCEPT
insider trading on the stock market
Stevens disagrees with those who oppose free public education because
it will result in increased taxes
The major opposition to the Mexican War was based on the belief that
it would expand slavery
In Marbury v. Madison, the United States Supreme Court affirmed
its right to determine the constitutionality of state laws
According to Mayhew, the people should be willing to challenge abuses by the
king
Under the Articles of Confederation the United States central government had no power to
levy taxes
In the late nineteenth century, political machines such as Tammany Hall were successful primarily because
machine politicians provided needed jobs and services to naturalized citizens in return for their votes
All of the following led Congress to impose Radical Reconstruction measures EXCEPT the
massive exodus of former slaves from the South
Colonial cities functioned primarily as?
mercantile centers for collecting agricultural goods and distributing imported manufactured goods
The leaders of the Progressive movement were primarily
middle-class reformers concerned with urban and consumer issues
The purpose of the Committee on Public Information, headed by George Creel, was to
mobilize popular support for the First World War
Policy initiatives during Franklin D. Roosevelt's first two presidential terms included all of the following EXCEPT
nationalizing basic industries
The financial programs of Alexander Hamilton included all of the following EXCEPT
nullification of all private debts to the states
The Open Door policy of the early twentieth century called for
open access to China for American investment and commercial interests
An underlying cause of the Great Depression, which began in 1929, was
overproduction in the manufacturing and farm sectors
The most controversial and divisive component of the Compromise of 1850 was the
passage of a tougher national fugitive slave act
All of the following contributed to Northern fear of a slave power conspiracy in the 1840s and 1850s EXCEPT the
passage of the Wilmot Proviso
The objective of the Bonus Expeditionary Force that marched on Washington, D.C., in 1932 was to obtain
payment of money to veterans of the First World War
The era from the end of the Civil War to the out- break of the First World War was characterized by
periodic economic panic and depression
The United States went to war in 1812 for all of the following reasons EXCEPT to
prevent France from recapturing the Louisiana Territory
The purpose of the Truman Doctrine of 1947was to
prevent communism from spreading further through military aggression
The Louisiana Purchase proved politically troubling for Thomas Jefferson because of his
previous support for a strict interpretation of the Constitution
Under Chief Justice John Marshall, Supreme Court decisions tended to
promote business enterprise
The government of the Articles of Confederation was successful in resolving the problem of how to
provide for statehood for western territories
The purpose of the Lend-Lease Act was to
provide military supplies to the Allies
During the 1920s, both the Saco and Vanzetti case and the rise of the new Ku Klux Klan reflected
public fear and resentment of southern and eastern European immigrants
The purpose of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933 was to
raise farm prices by limiting agricultural production
The most important factor in Andrew Jackson's successful bid for the presidency in 1828 was his
reputation as a hero of the War of 1812
The goal of the American Colonization Society was to
return freed slaves to Africa
One reason early twentieth century muckrakers were able to have a significant impact on society was because
sales and circulation of newspapers and magazines increased
The principle of popular sovereignty stated that
settlers in the Western territories, not Congress, would decide whether to allow slavery in their territories
"We do not know whether free laborers ever sleep.... The free laborer must work or starve. He is more of a slave than the negro, because he works longer and harder for less allowance than the slave, and has no holiday, because the cares of life with him begin when its labors end. He has no liberty, and not a single right." --George Fitzhugh, Cannibals All! or, Slaves Without Masters, 1857 The excerpt above reflects the common argument in the antebellum South that
slaves lived better than northern factory workers
At the local level in the North, Democrats and Republicans were deeply divided over
social issues.
The "new immigrants" who arrived in the United States after the Civil War were different from the"old immigrants" in that they
spoke different languages and had different customs than most Americans and thus were not easily assimilated
The Kentucky and Virginia resolutions, the Hartford Convention, and the South Carolina Exposition and Protest were similar in that all involved a defense of
states' rights
President Calvin Coolidge and his secretary of the Treasury, Andrew Mellon, pursued an economic policy that featured
tax cuts for the wealthy and corporations
The Republican Presidents of the 1920's favored
tax cuts for wealthy Americans
British colonists in North America objected to the Stamp Act primarily because it
taxed them without their consent
The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution established
that suffrage cannot be denied based on race, color, or previous servitude
During the Great Depression, the federal government responded with force when
the Bonus Expeditionary Force encamped in Washington
Which of the following documents would be most useful in examining the origins of constitutional government in colonial America?
the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
"The God that holds you over the pit of hell, as one holds a spider, or some loathsome insect over the fire, abhors you, and is dreadfully provoked; his wrath toward you burns like fire; he looks upon you as worth of nothing else, but to be cast into the fire;...and yet it is nothing by his hand that holds you from falling into the fire every moment." The quotation above contains ideas typical of:
the Great Awakening
In 1860 Abraham Lincoln was elected president on a Republican platform that advocated all of the following EXCEPT
the abolition of slavery throughout the United States
The farmers' protest movement lost momentum at the end of the 1890s for all of the following reasons except
the absorption of the populists by the AFL (American Federation of Labor)
Sojourner Truth saw connection between the women's rights movement and
the antislavery movement
Although Progressive Era reformers held different opinions about many issues of the day, they shared a belief in
the capacity of trained professionals to find rational, scientific solutions to society's problems
The belief by some Americans that the Civil War was "a rich man's war but a poor man's fight" was reflected in
the draft riots in New York City
The issue of religion figured most prominently in the consideration of which of the following?
the establishment of Puritan colonies in Massachusetts
Henry Hudson is known as
the explorer who deserted his own country
All of the following contributed to the passage of the Eighteenth Amendment legislating Prohibition in 1919 EXCEPT
the high death toll from alcohol-related automobile accidents
The Supreme Court ruling in Korematsu v. United States upheld the constitutionality of
the internment of Japanese Americans as a wartime necessity
The Wilmot Proviso specifically provided for
the prohibition of slavery in lands acquired from Mexico in the Mexican War
One distinguishing feature of the new middle class that emerged in the 1830s and 1840s was
the separation of economic production from the home and family life
Slave labor was brought to the Western Hemisphere by colonists because
there was a lack of manpower to do the labor-intensive work of harvesting sugarcane.
Five of the thirteen states voted for ratification the Constitution only after
they were assured that a Bill of Rights would be added shortly after ratification
The Woman's Christian Temperance Union argued that women needed the vote
to fulfill their domestic responsibilities in the public sphere.
At the end of the nineteenth century, the desire of American business to control supplies of raw materials led to
vertical integration
President Monroe articulated the Monroe Doctrine in his 1823 address to Congress primarily in order to
warn European nations against further colonial ventures in the Western Hemisphere
The dispute over electoral votes in the election of 1876
was resolved by a special bipartisan commission and resulted in the end of military reconstruction
The scalawags were
white Southerners who supported Republican policies during Reconstruction
A major part of the Confederate strategy for winning independence was based on
winning recognition and support from Great Britain
After the Revolution, the concept of the "republican mother" suggested that
women would be responsible for raising their children, especially their sons, to be virtuous citizens of the young republic
In the early 1830's, the majority of workers in the textile mills of Massachusetts were
young unmarried women from rural New England
