Quality Assurance and Radiology Regulations Quality Assurance

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All of the following are advantages of automatic film processing over manual film processing EXCEPT It saves time. Radiographs are of higher quality. Several patients' films can be processed at the same time. It requires less maintenance.

Radiographs are of higher quality.

__________________________results in deposits appearing on the walls of the processing tank.

Reaction of the mineral salts in the water and carbonate in the processing solutions

Proper handling of replenisher solution includes ______________________________.

Replenishing both developer and fixer

How can acceptable radiographs be produced if the temperature of the developing solution is slightly above normal?

Shorten the time in the developer

What does the acronym SSD represent?

Source to skin distance

Regulations regarding dental assistant certification vary from __________

State to state

What is used to determine the amount of radiation reaching the image receptor through each of the increments?

Step wedge

What is used to determine film densities and contrast scales in order to check the strength of the developer solution?

Step wedge device

What occurs if a film is exposed to light and then processed?

The exposed film appears black.

What has occurred if an image of a coin appears on a film during a coin test?

The safelight is too bright.

When the step wedge technique is used, if the density on the daily radiograph differs from that on the standard radiograph by more than _____ steps, the developer solution is depleted.

Two

All of the following affect the life of processing solutions EXCEPT: The number of films being processed Care in solution preparation Type of safelight filter used Age of the solutions

Type of safelight filter used

Packaged dental radiography film is affected by all of the following except __________________________.

Ultraviolet light

What is not a factor in determining the size of a darkroom?

Volume of radiographs processed

Which condition will result in a radiographic image that is to light?

Weak developing solutions

The developer solutions for the manual processing equipment and the developer solutions for the automatic processor

can not be used interchangeably.

During manual processing, dental film is rinsed after development to

remove developer solution from the film and stop the development process.

Hydroquinone in the developer brings out which tones on a dental radiograph?

Black

After processing, fresh film that has been properly stored and protected will appear clear with a slight ____________ tint.

Blue

The GBX-2 safelight filter by Kodak is considered appropriate to develop which of the following types of films?

Both intra and extraoral

The fixer solutions for the manual processing equipment and the fixer solutions for the automatic processor

Can not be used interchangeably.

Correct solution maintenance for manual film processing includes ______________________________________.

Changing both developer and fixer at the same time

You need to test the view box for proper illumination, what should you do?

Check it with a photographic light meter

What is useful for maintaining safelight conditions in the darkroom?

Coin test

Which device is used to restrict the size and shape of the x-ray beam and to reduce patient exposure?

Collimation

Elon in the developer solution is responsible for_______________________.

Converting the silver halide crystals to black metallic silver to generate shades of gray

Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) contain __________ that absorb energy when exposed to radiation.

Crystals

What could be a cause of a decreased film density when using an automatic processor?

Developer contamination

Where in the manual processing tank should you put the thermometer?

Developer solution

The final step in film processing is __________________.

Drying

What is the frequency with which processing solutions must be changed?

Every 3-4 weeks

How often should the solutions in an automatic processor be checked and replenished?

Every day

A yellow-brown color on a developed film would indicate which of the following?

Exhausted fixer

What contributes to an underexposed image?

Exposure time was too low.

The Consumer-Patient Radiation Health and Safety Act is a __________ law that requires all persons that take dental radiographs be certified.

Federal

What effect will the films have when exposed to minor amounts of room light while being processed in a darkroom?

Films will appear black.

Placing dental film in developer solution is the _______________ step in manual film processing.

First

When stocking dental radiographic film, it is best to apply which of the following rules of thumb?

First-in, first-out

Film emulsion is hardened during which part of the manual film development process?

Fixation

Which is the clearing test used to monitor?

Fixer strength

Sodium thiosulfate in a fixer solution serves as a _________________________.

Fixing agent

A film that is exposed too closely to a safelight filter will appear __________.

Fogged

Improperly stored film will appear _____________________.

Fogged

After you put your film in the developer, you noticed a light leak under the door. How will this effect your film?

Fogged film

Which agency is responsible for regulating dental radiography devices?

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

What quality control test is used to monitor the quality of each new box of film?

Fresh film

Sodium sulfite in the developer solution is responsible for_________________________.

Preventing rapid oxidation of the developing agent

The safelight filter creates a ________illumination in the darkroom.

RED

Rectangular PIDs restrict the x-ray beam to the approximate size of a __________ image receptor.

#2

How far should the PID be from the step wedge?

1 inch from the film

Federal regulations require that round opening collimators restrict the x-ray beam to __________ inches at the patient end of the PID.

2.75

How long are the film and coin exposed when conducting a coin test?

3 minutes

The optimal humidity for storing dental film is ___________________________.

30-50%

The minimum distance a safelight should be from the work surface is _______________________.

4 feet

If films are left in the fixer solution for 9 minutes, approximately how much time is spent in the developer solution?

4.5 minutes

The maximum permissible dose (MPD) for oral health care professionals is _____ mSv/year.

50

The optimal storage temperature for dental film is ____________________.

50-70° F

What is ideal temperature and humidity levels for film storage?

50-70° F; 30% to 50%

What temperature should you maintain in the developer if you are developing film for 4.5 minutes?

68 degrees

What is the optimum time and temperature for manual processing?

68° F at 4½ minutes

The temperature of the developer solution in an automatic processor is ______________________.

80-95° F

Residual gelatin and dirt can be removed form the rollers of the automatic processor with which of the following?

A cleaning film

When intensifying screens are not in perfect contact with the screen film, which of the following will result?

A loss of image sharpness will occur

Which of the following is not a quality assurance protocol for dental x-ray film? A specific infection protocol for exposing film A specific infection protocol for the developing process A specific storage requirement A protocol for extending the shelf life

A protocol for extending the shelf life

Sodium carbonate in the developer serves as a _________________.

Accelerator

What in a fixer solution neutralizes the alkaline developer and stops further development?

Acetic acid

The purpose of the stirring rod in a manual processing tank is to _____________________________.

Agitate the chemicals and equalize the temperature of the solution

What is a result of improper storage of x-ray film?

Grayish film

You usually develop about 20 films a day and you last changed the processing chemicals two weeks ago, when should you next change the chemicals?

In 1-2 weeks

What occurrs if a processed film appears fogged?

It has been improperly stored

Safelight leaks in the darkroom can be checked by a coin test. How often should this be completed?

Once every 6 months

You have developed your film for 4.5 minutes at a temperature of 68° F. How will this affect film quality?

Optimum quality

A breakdown of chemicals in the processing solution that results from air exposure is

Oxidation

To protect the clothing of the operator during processing a ______________ideally may be worn.

Plastic apron

Failure to add replenisher solution as needed each day to an automatic processor will result in _________________.

Poor-quality films

The hardening agent in fixer solution is _______________.

Potassium alum

Which of the following is added to the processing solution to compensate for oxidation?

Preservative


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