Quality Assurance and Radiology Regulations Quality Assurance
All of the following are advantages of automatic film processing over manual film processing EXCEPT It saves time. Radiographs are of higher quality. Several patients' films can be processed at the same time. It requires less maintenance.
Radiographs are of higher quality.
__________________________results in deposits appearing on the walls of the processing tank.
Reaction of the mineral salts in the water and carbonate in the processing solutions
Proper handling of replenisher solution includes ______________________________.
Replenishing both developer and fixer
How can acceptable radiographs be produced if the temperature of the developing solution is slightly above normal?
Shorten the time in the developer
What does the acronym SSD represent?
Source to skin distance
Regulations regarding dental assistant certification vary from __________
State to state
What is used to determine the amount of radiation reaching the image receptor through each of the increments?
Step wedge
What is used to determine film densities and contrast scales in order to check the strength of the developer solution?
Step wedge device
What occurs if a film is exposed to light and then processed?
The exposed film appears black.
What has occurred if an image of a coin appears on a film during a coin test?
The safelight is too bright.
When the step wedge technique is used, if the density on the daily radiograph differs from that on the standard radiograph by more than _____ steps, the developer solution is depleted.
Two
All of the following affect the life of processing solutions EXCEPT: The number of films being processed Care in solution preparation Type of safelight filter used Age of the solutions
Type of safelight filter used
Packaged dental radiography film is affected by all of the following except __________________________.
Ultraviolet light
What is not a factor in determining the size of a darkroom?
Volume of radiographs processed
Which condition will result in a radiographic image that is to light?
Weak developing solutions
The developer solutions for the manual processing equipment and the developer solutions for the automatic processor
can not be used interchangeably.
During manual processing, dental film is rinsed after development to
remove developer solution from the film and stop the development process.
Hydroquinone in the developer brings out which tones on a dental radiograph?
Black
After processing, fresh film that has been properly stored and protected will appear clear with a slight ____________ tint.
Blue
The GBX-2 safelight filter by Kodak is considered appropriate to develop which of the following types of films?
Both intra and extraoral
The fixer solutions for the manual processing equipment and the fixer solutions for the automatic processor
Can not be used interchangeably.
Correct solution maintenance for manual film processing includes ______________________________________.
Changing both developer and fixer at the same time
You need to test the view box for proper illumination, what should you do?
Check it with a photographic light meter
What is useful for maintaining safelight conditions in the darkroom?
Coin test
Which device is used to restrict the size and shape of the x-ray beam and to reduce patient exposure?
Collimation
Elon in the developer solution is responsible for_______________________.
Converting the silver halide crystals to black metallic silver to generate shades of gray
Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) contain __________ that absorb energy when exposed to radiation.
Crystals
What could be a cause of a decreased film density when using an automatic processor?
Developer contamination
Where in the manual processing tank should you put the thermometer?
Developer solution
The final step in film processing is __________________.
Drying
What is the frequency with which processing solutions must be changed?
Every 3-4 weeks
How often should the solutions in an automatic processor be checked and replenished?
Every day
A yellow-brown color on a developed film would indicate which of the following?
Exhausted fixer
What contributes to an underexposed image?
Exposure time was too low.
The Consumer-Patient Radiation Health and Safety Act is a __________ law that requires all persons that take dental radiographs be certified.
Federal
What effect will the films have when exposed to minor amounts of room light while being processed in a darkroom?
Films will appear black.
Placing dental film in developer solution is the _______________ step in manual film processing.
First
When stocking dental radiographic film, it is best to apply which of the following rules of thumb?
First-in, first-out
Film emulsion is hardened during which part of the manual film development process?
Fixation
Which is the clearing test used to monitor?
Fixer strength
Sodium thiosulfate in a fixer solution serves as a _________________________.
Fixing agent
A film that is exposed too closely to a safelight filter will appear __________.
Fogged
Improperly stored film will appear _____________________.
Fogged
After you put your film in the developer, you noticed a light leak under the door. How will this effect your film?
Fogged film
Which agency is responsible for regulating dental radiography devices?
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
What quality control test is used to monitor the quality of each new box of film?
Fresh film
Sodium sulfite in the developer solution is responsible for_________________________.
Preventing rapid oxidation of the developing agent
The safelight filter creates a ________illumination in the darkroom.
RED
Rectangular PIDs restrict the x-ray beam to the approximate size of a __________ image receptor.
#2
How far should the PID be from the step wedge?
1 inch from the film
Federal regulations require that round opening collimators restrict the x-ray beam to __________ inches at the patient end of the PID.
2.75
How long are the film and coin exposed when conducting a coin test?
3 minutes
The optimal humidity for storing dental film is ___________________________.
30-50%
The minimum distance a safelight should be from the work surface is _______________________.
4 feet
If films are left in the fixer solution for 9 minutes, approximately how much time is spent in the developer solution?
4.5 minutes
The maximum permissible dose (MPD) for oral health care professionals is _____ mSv/year.
50
The optimal storage temperature for dental film is ____________________.
50-70° F
What is ideal temperature and humidity levels for film storage?
50-70° F; 30% to 50%
What temperature should you maintain in the developer if you are developing film for 4.5 minutes?
68 degrees
What is the optimum time and temperature for manual processing?
68° F at 4½ minutes
The temperature of the developer solution in an automatic processor is ______________________.
80-95° F
Residual gelatin and dirt can be removed form the rollers of the automatic processor with which of the following?
A cleaning film
When intensifying screens are not in perfect contact with the screen film, which of the following will result?
A loss of image sharpness will occur
Which of the following is not a quality assurance protocol for dental x-ray film? A specific infection protocol for exposing film A specific infection protocol for the developing process A specific storage requirement A protocol for extending the shelf life
A protocol for extending the shelf life
Sodium carbonate in the developer serves as a _________________.
Accelerator
What in a fixer solution neutralizes the alkaline developer and stops further development?
Acetic acid
The purpose of the stirring rod in a manual processing tank is to _____________________________.
Agitate the chemicals and equalize the temperature of the solution
What is a result of improper storage of x-ray film?
Grayish film
You usually develop about 20 films a day and you last changed the processing chemicals two weeks ago, when should you next change the chemicals?
In 1-2 weeks
What occurrs if a processed film appears fogged?
It has been improperly stored
Safelight leaks in the darkroom can be checked by a coin test. How often should this be completed?
Once every 6 months
You have developed your film for 4.5 minutes at a temperature of 68° F. How will this affect film quality?
Optimum quality
A breakdown of chemicals in the processing solution that results from air exposure is
Oxidation
To protect the clothing of the operator during processing a ______________ideally may be worn.
Plastic apron
Failure to add replenisher solution as needed each day to an automatic processor will result in _________________.
Poor-quality films
The hardening agent in fixer solution is _______________.
Potassium alum
Which of the following is added to the processing solution to compensate for oxidation?
Preservative