Quiz 1: Environmental Health- Ecological Principles
Who was Paracelsus and what did he contribute to the field of environment and occupational health?
"Father of toxicology" Paracelsus introduced new chemical substances into medicine, for instance the use of the metal mercury for the treatment of syphilis.
Approximately how much food energy is lost with each transfer up a food chain?
85-99%
Who was Hippocrates and why is he important to the study of environmental health?
A Greek philosopher who lived between 460 and 370 BC, often refereed to as the "Father of Medicine". Proposed that environmental factors such as weather, seasons and prevailing winds were influential in causing changes in human health.
Who was Catherine de Medici and what did we learn from her that contributed to environmental health and toxicology?
Early practitioner of toxicology. She tested and carefully studied the effects of various toxic concoctions on the poor and sick, noting the onset of actions and symptoms that occurred
What is ecological succession?
Ecological succession is the change in structure and make up of the living parts of a community over time.
Who was John Snow and what did he contribute to the field of environmental epidemiology?
English physician and a leader in the development of anesthesia and medical hygiene. He is considered one of the fathers of modern epidemiology, in part because of his work in tracing the source of a cholera outbreak in Soho, London, in 1854.
Who was Sir Percival Pott and why is he so important to the study of environmental health?
English surgeon noted for his many insightful and comprehensive surgical writings who was the first to associate cancer with occupational exposure.
In which biomes are the least and greatest number of plant and animal species found, respectively?
Greatest: Tropical rainforest Least: Artic
Who was louis Villerme and why is he important to the study of environmental and occupational health
He stressed the importance of observation of the social environment, the role of investigations on lack of hygiene, the significance of statistical recording and the study of demographic statistics, and devoted himself to the labor force's health problems. His support of the working classes' rights, his opposition to child labor and gender inequality, and his fight for humane conditions in prisons remain diachronic ideals. He provided a reference model for socio-medical research and contributed to the establishment of the new scientific discipline, Occupational Medicine.
What are 3 important aspects of the environment that affect the human health, injury, and disease, and are included in modern definitions of environmental health?
Physical chemical agents, physical social environment and biological agents
What principle determinants of health worldwide are known as the thee P's?
Population, Poverty, Pollution
how do species living in the same geographical area adapt to their environment to reduce competition for food and living space?
Resource partitioning: natural selection reduces the COMPETITION between the species. species that live in the same geographical area avoid competition by living in different portions of the habitat or by using different food or other resources.
Who was Ramazzini and why is he so important to the study of environmental health?
The Collegium Ramazzini is named for the Italian physician Bernadino Ramazzini (1633-1714), who studied diseases that he identified with specific occupations, thereby earning himself the title of "father of occupational medicine."
What is the major way in which atmospheric nitrogen is converted to a form usable by living organisms?
captured by soil bacteria which change into soluble nitrates
What is eutrophication? What are the outcomes of this process in aquatic systems?
excessive richness of nutrients in a lake or other body of water, frequently due to runoff from the land, which causes a dense growth of plant life and death of animal life from lack of oxygen.
What is one of the most dangerous consequences of dying forests in the western U.S. due in part to devastation from pine beetles?
including the increased risk of wildfires from dead or dying trees, loss of wildlife habitat, impacts to natural and cultural resources, and threats to surrounding communities.
What is the one health concept?
movement to forge co-equal, all inclusive collaborations between physicians, osteopaths, veterinarians, dentists, nurses, etc.
What did Justus Liebig's 1840 Law of the Minimum demonstrate?
The concept first stated by J. vonLiebig in 1840, that the rate of growth of a plant, the size to which it grows, and its overall health depend on the amount of the scarcest of its essential nutrients that is available to it. that if one of the essential plant nutrients is deficient, plant growth will be poor even when all other essential nutrients are abundant.
