Quiz 10
Factory system
A method of manufacturing involving powered machinery, usually run by water, that allowed the use of unskilled labor and greater output than in the artisan tradition
Lowell System
A system used to mass-produce textiles, primarily in New England, that relied on young women workers who lived in factory communities
artisan
An independent, skilled craftsperson
Erie Canal
At the time, this was the greatest construction project Americans had ever undertaken.
Which of the following accurately describe the effect of industrialization and urbanization on agriculture in the North?
Changes in Agriculture in the North: -agriculture in the Northeast became less important than industry, which led to a decline in the rural population -some eastern farmers moved to establish new farms in the richer soils of the northwest
Which of the following describe how the Industrial Revolution and the factory system altered family life and the roles of women?
Changes in Family Life and the Roles of Women: -the heart of the transformation was the movement from farms to urban areas -income-earning work shifted from the home to the shop, mill, or factory. -Middle-class women became more focused on domestic responsibilities
Railroads transformed which city into the dominant city of the West?
Chicago
Immigrants came most frequently from which of the following nations between 1840 and 1860?
Ireland
Which of the following accurately describes the "cult of domesticity"?
It both increased and decreased women's authority within the family.
Nativism
Policies or attitudes based on the belief that native-born inhabitants deserve greater rights and protections than immigrants; in particular, an anti-immigrant movement that began in the early 1800s in the United States and crested with the passage of immigration restriction in 1924
Which of the following accurately describe the political responses to immigration in the mid-nineteenth century?
Politic responses to Immigration: -Political leaders in western states welcomed immigrants -some states offered immigrants a path to citizenship and voting rights -the Know-Nothings were highly influential in promoting their nativist beliefs in some eastern states
How did railroads weaken the connection between the Northwest and the South?
Railroads reduced the Northwest's reliance on the Mississippi River.
Which of the following describe how the industrial workforce changed between the 1820s and the 1840s?
The Industrial Workforce: -the transformation of farming created a labor supply for the expanding textile mills -the Lowell system generally provided good working conditions, but the work was tedious and unvarying -Under pressure from the factory system, skilled worker craft societies began to combine to form trade unions
Which of the following new inventions revolutionized grain production?
The McCormick reaper
Which of the following explain why the rail system supplanted the canal system as the nation's major transportation network?
The Rail System: -provided a satisfactory route to the West -connected more distant cities and ports with the consolidation of short lines into longer "trunk lines" -was promoted by politicians who persuaded Congress to contribute grants of land
Cult of Domesticity
The early nineteenth-century belief that women were the guardians of family and religious virtue within the home.
Antebellum
The period before a war; the term is commonly used to describe the pre-Civil War United States.
Which of the following statements about the family was true in industrializing nineteenth-century America?
The separation of work and home changed the nature of the family.
Why did German immigrants tend to settle in the Northwest rather than the cities of the Northeast?
They generally had enough money to buy land, which was cheaper in the Northwest.
Commonwealth v. Hunt
This declared (in Massachusetts) that unions were unlawful and that the strike was an unlawful weapon.
McCormick Reaper
This revolutionized grain production.
morse code
This revolutionized long-distance communication.
Know-Nothings
This was a nativist organization.
Factory Girls Association
This was created in 1834 by mill workers in Lowell, Massachusetts
Which of the following best describes the typical resident of the American Northwest during the 1840s and 1850s?
a prosperous family farmer
Improvements in what aspect of the American economy created a new supply of workers for American factories during the 1820s and 1830s?
agricultural production
The nativist movement wanted to
enact more restrictive naturalization laws.
The Lowell, or Waltham, system of recruiting labor was to
enlist young women from farm families.
Which of the following groups became an increasingly important part of the factory labor force after 1840?
immigrants
Which of the following was NOT a technological advance that sped the growth of industry during this period?
improved water-power generators
Why did the paternalistic factory system of the 1820s and 1830s decline over time?
increased competition in manufacturing industries
Which of the following occupations became viewed as respectable work for middle-class or wealthy women in mid-nineteenth-century America?
teaching
Most of the nation's first railroads were generally built in what region of the country?
the Northeast
Which region of the country had a declining role in agricultural production after 1840?
the Northeast
Immigrants to the United States between 1840 and 1860 rarely settled in which region?
the South
Western Union Telegraph Company
this was the result of independent companies that joined into one organization
