quiz #11 (ws 13)
ratifying amendments 2nd way
3/4 (38 states) of the States in ratifying conventions-composed of the people. #21 was ratified using this method.
proposing used to date
all 27 amendments have been proposed by Congress
proposing amendments: congress
an amendment may be proposed by a 2/3 vote in both houses of congress. ALL 27 amendments have been proposed by congress.
proposing amendments: national convention
an amendment may be proposed by a national convention, called by Congress at the request of 2/3 of the State legislatures—today. (2/3 of the state = 34 states)
2 ways to propose amendments
congress, national convention
informal process of change for congress
elaboration: congress can elaborate on what is in the constitution through the necessary and proper clause (aren't directly in the constitution, but related to something in the constitution)
informal process of change for president
executive orders: the president can order a change. "we can start doing this or stop doing this"
ratifying amendments 1st way
ratified by 3/4 of the State legislatures (38 legislatures must approve an amendment for it to become part of the Constitution). All but 1 amendment have been ratified this way.
proposing amendments
a national function
ratifying amendments
a state function
informal process of change
unwritten
formal process of change
written--changing the wording in the constitution
ratifying
the states approving an amendment
informal process of change for supreme court
-have the power to order a change -injunction: a court order for you to stop or start doing something -overturning a law
informal process of change for political party practices
-political parties are not in the constitution but they do it anyway so the way they impact the government and the people is informal -provide people work in the government -all that we've done on election has been done outside the constitution
ratification used to date
-ratified by the state legislatures of 3/4 of the states = 26 of the constitution's 27 amendments -ratified by conventions held in 3/4 of the States = only the 21st amendment (1933) was adopted this way.
informal process of change for custom and usage
-unwritten custom may be as strong as written law, and many customs have developed in our governmental system. -sometimes change comes about just because the attitude of the people changes
have any not been ratified
there have been 6 amendments proposed but not ratified