quiz #11 (ws 13)

ratifying amendments 2nd way

3/4 (38 states) of the States in ratifying conventions-composed of the people. #21 was ratified using this method.

proposing used to date

all 27 amendments have been proposed by Congress

proposing amendments: congress

an amendment may be proposed by a 2/3 vote in both houses of congress. ALL 27 amendments have been proposed by congress.

proposing amendments: national convention

an amendment may be proposed by a national convention, called by Congress at the request of 2/3 of the State legislatures—today. (2/3 of the state = 34 states)

2 ways to propose amendments

congress, national convention

informal process of change for congress

elaboration: congress can elaborate on what is in the constitution through the necessary and proper clause (aren't directly in the constitution, but related to something in the constitution)

informal process of change for president

executive orders: the president can order a change. "we can start doing this or stop doing this"

ratifying amendments 1st way

ratified by 3/4 of the State legislatures (38 legislatures must approve an amendment for it to become part of the Constitution). All but 1 amendment have been ratified this way.

proposing amendments

a national function

ratifying amendments

a state function

informal process of change

unwritten

formal process of change

written--changing the wording in the constitution

ratifying

the states approving an amendment

informal process of change for supreme court

-have the power to order a change -injunction: a court order for you to stop or start doing something -overturning a law

informal process of change for political party practices

-political parties are not in the constitution but they do it anyway so the way they impact the government and the people is informal -provide people work in the government -all that we've done on election has been done outside the constitution

ratification used to date

-ratified by the state legislatures of 3/4 of the states = 26 of the constitution's 27 amendments -ratified by conventions held in 3/4 of the States = only the 21st amendment (1933) was adopted this way.

informal process of change for custom and usage

-unwritten custom may be as strong as written law, and many customs have developed in our governmental system. -sometimes change comes about just because the attitude of the people changes

have any not been ratified

there have been 6 amendments proposed but not ratified