Quiz 13: Substance Abuse

Which adolescent does not have a personality trait associated with developing drug and alcohol problems?

Aaron, who is a slow learner

Which of the following is considered an "internalizing disorder"?

anxiety

For which age group are these statistics accurate: One-third of these individuals have tried alcohol; one in six has tried marijuana, and one in six has been drunk at least once.

eighth graders

Which scenario best represents adolescent alcohol use in today's society?

Brian first tried alcohol at the beginning of high school and now, at 17, uses it only occasionally.

Which statement is most likely true about American adolescents today?

Experimentation with drugs is less common among younger teens than it had been in the past

According to self-report data, what explains why the male-to-female arrest ratio has decreased in recent years?

Girls are being arrested more frequently for the same things they did in the past but were not arrested for.

Peter's parents caught him drinking alcohol with a couple of his friends and now they're worried. They think his alcohol use might turn into a long-term problem. Which of the following BEST illustrates the nature of adolescent drug use?

Many adolescents experiment with alcohol in high school without growing into adult alcoholics.

What is a reason offered by the textbook to explain why many youth do not receive substance abuse treatment?

Many families, especially ethnic minority families, cannot afford (or don't have adequate health insurance) to send their adolescent to treatment. It is difficult to actually meet the clinical cut-off for "substance abuse"; therefore, it is hard to be accepted into one of these programs.

Which of the following has not been supported by research addressing drug use by adolescents?

Marijuana is the drug most used by adolescents.

Alejandra, a Hispanic adolescent, is best friends with Mina, a foreign-born Hispanic adolescent. Which statement is most likely true about their drug use?

Mina will use fewer drugs than Alejandra.

Many adolescents commit acts of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). What is this and approximately how many adolescents have engaged in this at least once?

NNSI is a behavior such as deliberately burning or cutting oneself and nearly 25% of adolescents have engaged in this at least once.

Which of the following is the best explanation of serious problem behavior during adolescence?

Problem behavior is likely to be a sign that something is wrong.

Which of the following statements about suicide is FALSE?

Suicide is a much more common cause of death among adolescents than adults.

Which of the following statements about adolescent cigarette use is true?

The huge increase in the price of cigarettes over the last couple decades has led to a sharp decrease in the percentage of smoking adolescents.

Which of the following is a likely reason that Black youngsters have a lower rate of drinking than their White counterparts?

Their parents are less likely to drink and tolerate drinking.

Which of the following statements about comorbidity is not true?

There is hardly any comorbidity among different psychosocial problems during adolescence within or across the broad categories (i.e., internalizing disorders, externalizing disorders, substance abuse).

What would a social control theorist say about an adolescent who engages in risk-taking behavior?

They have a weak attachment to society.

A disorder of adulthood characterized by antisocial behavior and persistent disregard for the rules of society and the rights of others is called

antisocial personality disorder

According to recent research, what percent of adolescents have attempted suicide?

approximately 10% of females and 6% of males

The biologically based psychological disorder characterized by impulsiveness, inattentiveness, restlessness, and inappropriately high levels of activity is called:

attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

One of the most consistent predictors of chronic delinquency (or being a life-course persistent offender) appears to be rooted in:

being exposed to disorganized families with hostile, inept, or neglectful parenting.

Which of the following is not a risk factor for developing substance abuse problems?

being involved in a sexual relationship

When an individual has more than one problem at the same time is called it

comorbidity

Christi suffers from depression. She also gets in fights at school to express her anger and sadness. Christi's problems fall into which category—most specific answer is correct?

comoribid disorders

One recent international study found that which type of countries are likely to have adolescents whose alcohol use is not predictive of violence?

countries where adolescents are more likely to drink in settings were adults are present

Which behavior would not be seen as a manifestation of lack of impulse control?

depression

Research shows that the enormous sums of money spent by tobacco companies marketing cigarettes to teenagers:

does not cause adolescents to start smoking; tobacco advertising is mainly effective at brand recognition.

The neurotransmitter associated with the experience of pleasure that is implicated in substance abuse problems is known as:

dopamine

"Decreased enjoyment of pleasurable activities" and "low self-esteem" would be examples of what type of depressive symptoms?

emotional

Confidential surveys of adolescents suggest all of the following, EXCEPT:

ethnic differences in the prevalence of delinquent and criminal activity are greater than what would be expected from information in official records.

Theodore has been referred to as an "acting-out" adolescent. He engages in delinquent behavior. Theodore is most likely exhibiting _______________ symptomatology.

externalizing

Tina smoked cigarettes, drank alcohol, and used drugs moderately in early adolescence, then quickly increased her use between early and middle adolescence, and continued to increase her use throughout high school and late adolescence. Tina is a:

high escalator.

While Alan is waiting in line for tickets to the show, the man behind him bumps into him. Even though the man apologizes, Alan becomes extremely upset and pushes him back. Alan is probably suffering from:

hostile attributional bias.

According to the age-crime curve, when does offending peak?

in adolescence

A look at the commission of violent crimes by adolescents in the United States shows all of the following, EXCEPT:

in general, violent crime among young people has slightly increased since 1993.

Researcher, Denise Kandel, is most likely to argue that:

involvement in a given problem behavior may lead to involvement in other problem behaviors

Studies comparing the consequences of drug exposure during adolescence and adulthood have found all of the following EXCEPT:

juveniles don't feel the positive effects of alcohol as profoundly as adults do.

Vince engaged in delinquency as a pre-adolescent and has continued to be in trouble with the law ever since. Now, as an adult, Vince would most likely be characterized as a _____ offender.

life-course-persistent

Studies have shown experiences with alcohol and drugs in early adolescence can permanently affect the way the brain functions due to changes in the ______ system.

limbic

According to FBI statistics, individuals under the age of 18 account for approximately _____ of violent crime in the United States.

one-sixth

One explanation for girls' greater susceptibility to internalizing problems, such as depression, emphasizes their greater orientation toward and sensitivity to interpersonal relationships. Specifically, gender differences in the level of the hormone ________ may play a role in making females both more invested in close relationships, and more vulnerable to adverse consequences of interpersonal problems.

oxytocin

The term "______ syndrome" refers to covariation among various types of externalizing disorders that results from an underlying trait of unconventionality found in the adolescent's personality and social environment.

problem behavior

Individuals who are not only antisocial but also manipulative, superficially charming, impulsive, and indifferent to the feelings of others are called

psychopath

What would be a situation where a secondary control strategy would be least effective?

realizing you have a final exam on Friday

Studies that have focused on the different developmental trajectories of adolescent alcohol, tobacco, and drug use have identified all except which of the following groups?

slow escalators

Cliff is 16 years old, is truant from school, drinks alcohol regularly, and has run away from home. Legally speaking, Cliff is a(n):

status offender

Which of the following is not a category of externalizing problems during adolescence?

substance use

When contrasting life-course-persistent offenders with adolescent-limited offenders, researchers agree that:

the causes and consequences of the two are very different.

In general, the earlier an adolescent's criminal career begins:

the more likely he or she is to become a chronic offender.

The common factor with respect to comorbidity in internalizing disorders is:

the subjective state of distress

Evaluations of individual-focused approaches to drug prevention programs have found that:

these programs are largely ineffective

Evaluations of individual-focused approaches to drug prevention programs have found that:

these programs are largely ineffective.

According to recent surveys, which drug is used most on a daily basis by high school students?

tobacco