Quiz 1.8-1.11

The net annual primary productivity of a particular wetland ecosystem is found to be 8,000 kcal/m2 per year. If respiration by the aquatic producers is 12,000 kcal/m2 per year, what is the gross annual primary productivity for this ecosystem, in kcal/m2 per year?

. 20,000

What is the approximate efficiency of the conversion of light energy to chemical energy in photosynthesis?

1%

how efficient is energy transfer from a lower trophic level to a higher trophic level?

10%

The maximum efficiency possible in an energy-conversion process that is not limited by the second law of thermodynamics.

100%

In a given ecosystem, producers convert solar energy into 15,000kcal of chemical energy stored in organic compounds. Which of the following is the most likely amount of energy available to secondary consumers?

150kcal

Based on the laws of thermodynamics, which of the following is the applied mathematical routine used to estimate the biomass of the mice in the pyramid?

18,705kg × 0.10 × 0.10

Primary producers in a lake ecosystem store approximately 25,000 kcal/m2/yr of energy in their biomass. Which of the following identifies the most likely amount of energy available to a tertiary consumer in this ecosystem?

25 kcal/m2/yr

The net primary production of a pine forest on a lava flow on Mount Fuji is about 175,000 kcal/m2/yr, and the plant respiration is estimated to be 115,000 kcal/m2/yr. What is the total amount of energy transferred during photosynthesis for this ecosystem?

290,000 kilocalories per square meter per year

photosynthesis formula

6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight ---> C6 H12 O6 + 6O2

Algae in an aquatic food chain convert solar energy into 93,000 kilocalories of plant tissue. Which of the following values best represents the amount of energy available for primary consumers in the food chain?

9,300 kilocalories

Which of the following best explains why terrestrial trophic pyramids usually do not have levels higher than tertiary consumers?

A large proportion of energy is lost as heat as it is transferred up the pyramid, so there is not enough energy available to support another level.

The table above shows the balanced chemical equations that represent three processes that are part of the nitrogen cycle. Which of the following is exemplified by the equations above?

Approximately 10% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next.

Cellular respiration formula

C6H12O2 + 6O2 ------> 6CO2 + 6H20

Which process produces C02

Cellular respiration

Which of the following categories of organisms, which are required for the cycling of matter in an ecosystem, is missing from the table?

Decomposers

Which of the following best describes the movement of energy in an ecosystem?

Energy is harnessed by producers, and available energy decreases with each trophic level transfer.

Scientists calculated the net primary productivity at two different forest sites. Both forests have the same gross primary productivity. Forest A has a net primary productivity of 1,650kcal/m2/year, and forest B has a net primary productivity of 1,110kcal/m2/year. Which of the following statements is best supported by the data?

Forest A producers have lower rates of cellular respiration than forest B producers.

Based on the diagram, which group of organisms would be considered herbivores?

Grasshoppers

Assuming all other variables are constant, which of the following is the most likely conclusion about the greatest potential for gross primary productivity that can be supported by data in the graph? Gross primary productivity is the same for both locations all year.

Gross primary productivity in Location 1 is greater than that in Location 2 in March.

Which of the following best describes gross primary productivity in an ecosystem?

Gross primary productivity is the total amount of solar energy captured by producers through photosynthesis over time.

What is biomagnification?

Harmful or toxic materials building up a food chain.

what is bioaccumulation?

Harmful or toxic materials building up in an organism .

Based on the data in the table, which of the following pairs of organisms has two ecological relationships, both competition and predation?

Hawks and snakes

The terrestrial biomes shown in the diagram above vary in net primary productivity. The explanation for the variation includes which of the following?

I and II only. Temp and Percip

Which of the following best describes the first law of thermodynamics?

In a closed system of constant mass, the energy involved in any physical or chemical change is neither created nor destroyed, but merely changed from one form to another.

Which of the following best describes the net primary productivity of an ecosystem?

Net primary productivity is the amount of energy lost through respiration by producers subtracted from the gross primary productivity of an ecosystem.

what is NPP

Net primary productivity, GPP - respiration loss

An energy transformation occurs and results in increased disorder.

Second law of thermodynamics

Which of the following is the primary energy source for producers in near-surface marine communities?

Solar energy from the Sun

what is a trophic cascade

Species at one trophic level of an ecosystem can affect species in another trophic level.

Based on the diagram, which of the following best describes the most likely direct effect of a decline of the small fish population on the marine food web?

The jellyfish population will increase because of decreased predation.

Losses of usable energy between successive trophic levels in an ecosystem are best accounted for by which of the following?

The second law of thermodynamics

Which of the following best explains why decomposers in soils and water are important to ecosystems?

They recycle nutrients

what area in the world has the highest npp?

amazon rainforest

what is secondary productivity

anything that will eat the surplus from the primary productivity (animals eating plants)

difference between a food chain and a food web

chain-one thing in each trophic level web-multiple things in each level

does converting forest to agriculture land increase or decrease npp?

decrease

Of the following organisms, which occupies the lowest trophic level?

deer

do food chains or webs have a harder time adjusting to environmental changes? why?

food chain, when one animal is lost the whole chain is gone

For a primary producer, the main function of photosynthesis is to manufacture

glucose

what is GPP

gross primary production, NPP+R

explain how having more biodiversity within an ecosystem makes it more resilient to environmental change?

like jenga, it takes a while to collapse when there are a lot of blocks

Open oceans produce the largest share of Earth's biomass because the net primary productivity (NPP) of the oceans is

low, but the large expanse of the oceans supports enormous numbers of producers such as phytoplankton

what heavy metal bioaccumulates in fish in WI waters?

mercury

Of the following ecosystems, which has the lowest net primary productivity, measured as kilocalories of energy produced per square meter per year?

open ocean

which one produces oxygen

photosythesis

where would the most environmental friendly trophic level for humans to be in

primary consumers

what two levels is it impossible for humans to be in?

primary producers and decomposers

how is energy lost as it moves from a lower trophic level to a high trophic level?

respiration (heat), kinetic energy (movement), body growth

The ultimate source of energy for terrestrial ecosystem is

the sun

what biome has the highest gpp

tropical rainforest

which type of biome has the most complex food chain/web?

tropical rainforest

what biome has the lowest gpp

tundra