Quiz 2

Hemolytic disease of the newborn is a risk during a subsequent pregnancy in which ___

an Rh- mother is carrying a second Rh+ fetus

The production of healthy erythrocytes depends upon the availability of ___

copper, zinc, and vitamin B12

The direct Coomb's test is designed to detect when people have a disease that causes them to

produce antibodies that bind to their own red blood cells

We use antisera to distinguish between various ____ within a species of bacteria.

serovars

The process in which antibodies attach to antigens, causing the formation of masses of linked cells, is called _____

Agglutination

White Blood Cells:

Are also called leukocytes, can be classified as granulocytes and agranulocytes, defend the body against bacteria and viruses

Which of the following statements about blood is true?

Blood is slightly more viscous than water

A molecule of hemoglobin ____

Consists of four globing proteins, each bound to a molecule of heme

State True/False and explain: All components of an immune system are found in the blood.

False. Bone marrow is an incredibly important part of the immune system as it contains the stem cells that develop into RBC, WBC, and platelets. And bone marrow is not found in blood (0.75)

State True/False and explain: Human immune system is designed to recognize and fight against foreign antigens only.

False. The human immune system is designed to fight against not only foreign antigens, but all antigens (0.5)

State True/False and explain your reasoning: Immune systems only role is to fight against infections.

False. The main or most important purpose of the immune system is to fight against any foreign substance in the body, whether or not it is an infection. (0.5)

State True/False and explain reasoning: The structure of an antibody molecules is not critical to its function.

False. The structure of an antibody provides it with its ability to bind antigen (0.75)

Which of the following plasma proteins is not produced by the liver?

Immunoglobulin

The antibody screening test that is done along with pretransfusion blood typing is used to ensure that the recipient

Is not making antibodies against antigens outside the ABO or Rh systems

Which of the following statements about albumin is true?

It is the most abundant plasma protein

People with ABO blood type O _____

Lack both antigens A and B on their erythrocytes

When using antisera to characterize bacteria, we will often link the antibodies to ____ to better visualize the agglutination

Latex beads

Aging and damaged erythrocytes are removed from the circulation by ______

Macrophages

Viral hemagglutination assays only work with certain types of viruses because

The virus must be able to cross-link red blood cells directly

Which of the following statements about mature, circulating erythrocytes is true?

They have no nucleus

State True/False and explain: Agglutination reaction will be negative if Red Blood Cells are not present in the mix.

True. Agglutination requires RBC in order to actually agglutinate (clump), indicating a positive presence of antigen. (0.75)

State True/False and explain: Antigens are proteins.

True. Antigens are most commonly proteins, although they can also be peptides, polysaccharides, etc.

State True/False and please explain your reasoning: Immune system participates in both; physiological and pathological processes

True. The physiological process would be related to the normal functions of the immune system while the pathological process would be in relation to a disease in the immune system. (0.75)

A patient has been suffering for 2 months with chronic, watery diarrhea. A blood test is likely to reveal

a hematocrit below 30 percent