Quiz 3
By what year had the Islamic Empire reached its fullest geographic extent from east to west?
711
Which of the following were productions of Islamic culture?
ANSWER: All of these The creation of centers of translation The artistic elaboration of Islamic calligraphy THE ARABIAN NIGHTS
Which of the following describes the Umayyad era?
ANSWER: All of these are true. It was an era of significant art patronage, architecture, and scholarship. It was an era of extensive territorial and economic expansion. It provided the foundation for the sophisticated artistic and intellectual culture of the Islamic world.
Which of the following statements about Islamic culture is FALSE?
ANSWER: All of these statements are true. TRUE: Music, artistic decoration, and calligraphy were key expressions of Islamic culture that had a lasting impact on subsequent periods of history. The Arabic language and Islamic faith combined with the absorption of ancient knowledge to foster innovation in many fields. The Islamic translation program preserved the works of the ancient world at a time when European civilization was under siege by the Magyars, Vikings, and Arabs and many centuries of scholarship were destroyed.
Before Islam, the residents of the Arabian peninsula were PRIMARILY:
Agrarian herders, farmers, and merchants who worshipped 300+ deities
Why was Muhammad's message a threat to the Umayyad clan?
Answer: All of these. Because he preached an exclusive monotheism that challenged the power they exercised as custodians of the Ka'aba Because he advocated for social equality that threatened their political and economic interests Because his vision of the universal society of Muslims threatened ancient tribal affiliations
The hijra:
Answer: is all of thse is the migration of the Prophet and his followers from Mecca to Medina marks the rise of the Muslim universal community, or umma marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar
The instructions of the Qur'an include all of the following EXCEPT:
EXCEPT: Commandments to create images of Muhammad for use in mosques INCLUDE: The importance of doing good works and aiding the poor The concept of jihad as the individual struggle to submit to Allah's will The obligation to help and protect women and children, though women are still inferior to men and subject to their control
Which of the following is NOT true of Abd-al-Rahman?
FALSE: TRUE: He established the emirate of Córdoba in the eighth century
Which of the following statements about the Abbasids is FALSE?
FALSE: TRUE: They aligned their government with with fundamental Islamic principles and patronized the ulama They were responsible for the development of the sharia.
Which of the following is NOT true of Abd-al-Rahman?
FALSE: TRUE: He ruled with toleration toward the many religious and ethnic groups in his territory
Which of the following is NOT true of Abd-al-Rahman?
FALSE: He was given significant support by the Abbasid leadership in Damascus TRUE: He ruled independently of the Abbasid leadership in Damascus He established the emirate of Córdoba in the eighth century He ruled with toleration toward the many religious and ethnic groups in his territory
Which of the following statements about Ramadhan is FALSE?
FALSE: It is the Muslim call to prayer. TRUE: It is a month in which Muslims are expected to fast from sunrise to sunset. It commemorates the time of the Prophet's first revelations. It is for spiritual renewal and for expressing gratitude for the guidance of Allah.
Which of the following statements about the Jews of Medina during the life of the Prophet Muhammad is FALSE?
FALSE: The Prophet did not see the Jews of Medina as a threat, but moved against the Jewish silversmiths of the city because of their control over Medina's commerce. TRUE: The Prophet saw the Jews of Medina as a threat because they offered a genuine ideological challenge, and therefore their coexistence with Muslims in Medina threatened to undermine his position. The Prophet used a market quarrel in which one Jew and one Muslim had died as a pretext to execute an entire Jewish clan. Because accepting Muhammad's political authority would mean acknowledging his claims to be the Prophet of Allah, the Jews of Medina would not convert to Islam.
Which of the following statements about Christians living under Islamic rule in Spain is FALSE?
FALSE: The period of peaceful coexistence between Christians and Muslims lasted for centuries. TRUE: Christians in Islamic Spain grew fond of Arabic literature and music, and Christian scholars began to write in Arabic rather than in Latin. Some Christian women veiled their faces in public, following the custom of their Islamic rulers. Many Christians in Islamic Spain stopped raising pigs and eating pork.
Which of the following statements about the Arab Bedouins is FALSE?
FALSE: They had a strong centralized authority in each of twelve regions that allowed them a degree of political and social stability. TRUE: Their holy men could exercise considerable influence and their roles often became hereditary. They relied on the haram as a zone of neutrality where violence was forbidden and disputes could be resolved under the eye of a holy man. They were fiercely tribal and based their legal structures on the "eye for an eye" concept of retaliation.
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
False: Every tribe in Arabia that submitted to Muhammad automatically converted to Islam. True: Muhammad extended his authority to most of the Arabian peninsula through a combination of military victory and diplomacy. Many communities and tribes in Arabia sent delegations to establish alliances with Muhammad as the leader of Mecca. Non-Muslim monotheists living under Muslim rule had to pay a tax called the jizya to help cover the costs of their defense.
What strategy did Muhammad use to try to win the Quraysh of Mecca to Islam?
He assaulted the trade caravans traveling from Mecca to Syria to damage the Qurayshi economic base
Islam arose:
In the seventh century
Why is the hijra important to Islam?
It marked the foundation of the first Muslim community at Medina and the rise of the umma
Which of the following is the name of a cube-shaped religious shrine that had originally been the central sanctuary of tribal Arabic polytheism but, because of the belief that it was built by the prophet Abraham and his son Ismail, became the symbol of the covenant between Ismail and Allah and the center of the annual Muslim pilgrimage?
Ka'aba
How did the conflict between Mecca and Medina get resolved?
Muhammad accused the Quraysh of breaking a treaty that allowed the hajj to Mecca, causing 10,000 Muslims to march on Mecca. When they surrendered he granted them amnesty, winning many over to Islam.
Which of the following did NOT lead to the overthrow of the Umayyads?
NOT: A lack of Umayyad heirs DID: Sentiment against the growing weakness of their leadership Reforming movements that saw the Umayyad caliph as living too lavish a lifestyle Internal dissent
Which of the following factors did NOT contribute to the widespread acceptance of Muslim rule in Spain?
NOT: Everyone in Spain was forced to accept Muslim rule and to forfeit their lands up to Muslim leaders. DID: Weak Visigothic rule and ambitious church administration Increased persecution of the Jews A lack of loyalty by either urban or rural Spaniards to the Visigoths
The niche in a mosque that indicates the direction of Mecca is called:
NOT: Qibla
Which of the following did NOT contribute to the rapid rise of the Muslim Empire?
NOT: The declaration that all caliphs were messengers from God DID: Religious zeal Promises of wealth and land to Muslim warriors The weakness of the Byzantine and Persian empires
Which of the following was NOT an outgrowth of the era of the Rashidun caliphs?
NOT: The directive that all Muslim women should wear a burqa TRUE: The rise of a common religious identity and purpose in the umma Considerable geographic expansion and the rise of the Muslim Empire The patterns of legal process in the Islamic community
To Muslims, the Qur'an is:
NOT: The sacred book of Islamic scripture that reports Muhammad's recited revelations
Why have the Umayyad been criticized by later Muslim generations?
NOT: They never supported the poor and kept assessing heavier and heavier taxes.
Which of the following is NOT one of the Five Pillars of Islam?
NOT: Veiling of women IS: Declaration of belief in Allah as the one god and Muhammad as his prophet Undertaking the hajj Fasting during Ramadhan
Qur'an means:
Recitation
Which of the following is a significant monument of the Umayyad caliphate?
The Dome of the Rock
What distinguishes the Sunni from the Shi'a?
The Sunni believe the actions of the Prophet are most important in guiding the Muslim community, while the Shi'a believe that all caliphs should be members of the Prophet's family like the fourth caliph, Ali.
The Rashidun caliphs were:
The rightly-guided caliphs, also known as the first four caliphs
Which of the following statements about the wars of the Ridda is TRUE?
The wars of the Ridda were a series of military efforts by the caliphates after the death of the Prophet in response to revolts against the caliph's authority.
How did the Umayyads maintain political control?
They replaced volunteer warriors with paid military professionals, and formed a new elite class from the Syrian military officers.
Which of the following statements about the Great Mosque at Córdoba is TRUE?
Within a year of its construction, the Great Mosque had the capacity to contain a congregation of 5,500.
What was the region of Spain controlled by the Muslims called?
al-Andalus, or Andalucía
The niche in a mosque that indicates the direction of Mecca is called:
mihrab
The dynasty that replaced the Umayyads was:
the Abbasids
The group of companions that accompanied the Prophet during the hijra are called:
the muhajirin
